Heinrich Events and Heinrich(-like) Events

Ice-raft debris layers in the North Atlantic sediments of IRD belt characterize abrupt climate variability, corresponding to Heinrich events during the Last Glacial and Heinrich(-like) events beyond the Last Glacial. During Heinrich/(-like) events, the Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere and cryosphere interacted strongly on the millennial-scale and had a profound impact on the global climate. In more than 30 years of continuous research on Heinrich/(-like) events and their remote response, the results have been more focused on the trigger mechanism and the new distinguished proxies of Heinrich/(-like) events. The first occurrence of Heinrich/(-like) events in IRD belt during MIS 16 was the initiation of a major landmark climate mechanism after MPT. The research on Heinrich/(-like) events may require a new ice sheet dynamics model related to the large ice sheet and the long-term ice age, which is forming a new hot topic.     

辽南晚更新世风成沉积序列与古气候意义

作为中国东部重要的第四纪风成堆积地层,辽南风成沉积反映的气候振荡记录对于揭示区域古气候变化、东亚季风变迁等有着不言而喻的重要性。本研究利用辽南老虎村5.44 m厚的风成沉积剖面作为研究对象,采用光释光（OSL）测年技术建立了研究区沉积地层的年代框架,通过岩石学和代用指标重建了晚更新世期间的风成沉积历史。结果表明：风成活动发生在71.7~61.7 ka,49.4~42.4 ka和约23.0 ka,分别对应深海氧同位素阶段（MIS）5a~4、3b和2,寒冷干燥的气候条件与增强的东亚冬季风促使风成活动加剧;而MIS 3a和MIS 3c的沉积中断可能受到了暖湿气候的影响。研究区的粒度数据表明在MIS5/4转变时期有一个短暂的冬季风波动,同时,中值粒径增大可能与海因里希事件（H6、H5、H2）有关,未来仍需更多的区域气候纪录来支持这一观点。

     

石笋δ18O揭示的亚洲夏季风变化及机制综述

亚洲夏季风（ASM,Asian Summer Monsoon）是全球气候系统的重要组成部分,也是目前地球系统科学的热点问题。亚洲石笋δ18O揭示的亚洲古季风变化,加深了我们对其时空演化机制的理解。然而,目前东亚夏季风区和印度夏季风区石笋δ18O记录在不同时间尺度上的相互关系和主控因素仍存在一些争议。针对这一问题,本文综述了东亚夏季风（EASM,East Asian Summer Monsoon）区和印度夏季风（ISM,Indian Summer Monsoon）区的高分辨率石笋δ18O记录,发现两者在轨道尺度上都受控于岁差驱动的北半球夏季日照量的变化,其机制涉及海陆热力差异强度、辐合强度和上升气流强度以及夏季时长的变化。这些机制共同导致了在北半球夏季日照高值期EASM和ISM区夏季降雨量增加以及降雨和石笋的δ18O值负偏。在千年尺度上,EASM区和ISM区的石笋δ18O记录则响应于北大西洋区的气候变化,具体响应机制主要有热带辐合带南移导致的印度洋水汽分馏减弱（主要影响ISM区和EASM区）,以及西风带调节的水汽来源和降雨季节性变化（主要影响EASM区）。在百年及以下尺度,EASM区和ISM区石笋δ18O记录都受到与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动有关的大尺度大气环流影响。未来在关键区域构建更多高分辨率的石笋δ18O记录及相关的降雨指标,将有助于理解大气环流变化与东亚夏季风区降雨的关系。     

100,000-year-long terrestrial record of millennial-scale linkage between eastern North American mid-latitude paleovegetation shifts and Greenland ice-core oxygen isotope trends

We document frequent, rapid, strong, millennial-scale paleovegetation shifts throughout the late Pleistocene, within a 100,000+ yr interval (~ 115–15 ka) of terrestrial sediments from the mid-Atlantic Region (MAR) of North America. High-resolution analyses of fossil pollen from one core locality revealed a continuously shifting sequence of thermally dependent forest assemblages, ranging between two endmembers: subtropical oak-tupelo-bald cypress-gum forest and high boreal spruce-pine forest. Sedimentary textural evidence indicates fluvial, paludal, and loess deposition, and paleosol formation, representing sequential freshwater to subaerial environments in which this record was deposited. Its total age–depth model, based on radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence ages, ranges from terrestrial oxygen isotope stages (OIS) 6 to 1. The particular core sub-interval presented here is correlative in trend and timing to that portion of the oxygen isotope sequence common among several Greenland ice cores: interstades GI2 to GI24 (≈ OIS2–5 d). This site thus provides the first evidence for an essentially complete series of ‘Dansgaard–Oeschger’ climate events in the MAR. These data reveal that the ~ 100,000 yr preceding the Late Glacial and Holocene in the MAR of North America were characterized by frequently and dynamically changing climate states, and by vegetation shifts that closely tracked the Greenland paleoclimate sequence.     

南沙群岛海区NS97-13柱样沉积物磁化率各向异性研究

通过南海南沙群岛海区NS97-13柱样磁化率各向异性系统测试、统计计算和测年等分析,给出了沉积物的磁化率椭球几何形态,重建了研究海区的古水流方向、沉积物的沉积形式。研究结果表明:(1)压扁型椭球(E>1)的择优方向位于磁性线理-磁性叶理直线的上方,夹角β的范围为0°<β≤33.14°,拉长型椭球(E<1)的择优方向位于磁性线理-磁性叶理直线的下方,夹角α的范围为33.14°<α<56.86°,指示磁性颗粒沉降时受动力作用的大小及其受力方向不同;(2)由磁化率各向异性参数(磁性线理-各向异性度,磁性叶理-各向异性度)确定的沉积物有改造沉积、再沉积和稳定沉积三种形式,前两种形式掺杂在稳定沉积层中的不同部位,构成部分混合沉积;(3)最大磁化率和中间磁化率的轴向分布表征研究海区距今近62 ka以来古水流方向主要为南北和北东-南西向,总磁化率记录了Heinrich层中的冷事件H1—H6。     

Terrestrial flux in sediments from the Okinawa Trough estimated using geochemical compositional data and its response to climate changes over the past 35 000 a

Terrestrial supply to marginal seas is a function of interaction between land and ocean in response to climate changes. Terrestrial flux in sediments, therefore, is potential not only to reflect the paleoceanographic evolution of sedimentary basin, but also to reveal the paleoclimatic changes in source regions. Sediments from the Okinawa Trough were quantitatively partitioned into terrestrial, volcanic and biogenitic end members using constrained leastsquares technique for geochemical compositional data. Combined with the density of bulk sediments and sedimentation rate, the terrestrial flux in sediments from the Okinawa Trough since the last 35 000 a was estimated. Based on surface seawater temperature (SST) and sea level changes over the past 35 000 a, the response of terrestrial flux to the climate changes was discussed. It is demonstrated that the terrestrial supply to the Okinawa Trough mainly derived from Chinese landmass via the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and controlled by sea level changes. During the postglaciation, the terrestrial flux was the lowest in response to the highest sea level stand. During the last glacial maximum (LGM), the terrestrial flux was not so high as previously expected, indicating the arid climatic condition in source region was responsible for lowering the Changjiang River’s runoff during that time. During the deglaciation, the terrestrial flux increased in response to a quick rising of the sea level, probably implicating occurrence of downslope transport. The four events characterized by slight increase in terrestrial flux exactly correspond to the LGM, Heinrich events (H1, H2, H3), respectively.     

末次冰期以来冲绳海槽北部古气候变化的孢粉记录

通过分析冲绳海槽北部CSH1柱状样的孢粉组合,重建了海槽区邻近岛屿末次冰期以来的植被和气候变化史.将所测岩心的孢粉记录从下到上分为三期:Ⅰ期为热带山地针叶林的繁盛期,松属及亚热带高山的常绿针叶林含量较高,气候干燥温暖;Ⅱ期为旱生草本植物繁盛期,蒿属大量出现,气候干冷;Ⅲ期为常绿阔叶、落叶阔叶林及蕨类植物繁盛期,常绿阔叶及落叶阔叶林成分增加,蕨类孢子达到极高值,草本植物含量剧减,气候温暖潮湿.将一些主要科属花粉的百分含量曲线与格陵兰冰心GISP2δ18O曲线进行了对比分析,发现各花粉百分含量曲线分别在距今4.1~4.6,11.7~13.0,15.4,23.2,29.4,47.4ka显示出了一系列明显的次级波动,这些次级波动与格陵兰冰心δ18O曲线所记录的4ka左右的降温事件、新仙女木(Younger Dryas)事件和Heinrich事件H1,H2,H3和H5在时代上相吻合.尽管格陵兰及北大西洋地区的气候变化影响冲绳海槽地区的途径和载体尚不清楚,但北半球高纬度的气候变化所引发的东亚季风强度在数百年或千年尺度的波动可能是其主要的机制.     

European Climatic Response to Millennial-Scale Changes in the Atmosphere–Ocean System during the Last Glacial Period

Pollen, foraminifer, dinocyst, and coarse lithic high-resolution analyses and δ¹⁸O measurements have been carried out for the last-glacial section of marine core MD95-2042 located near the southwestern margin of the Iberian Peninsula. The pollen data indicate a high frequency of vegetational changes on the adjacent continent during this period, suggesting a climatic variability very similar to that of the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles recorded by the Greenland ice cores. The detailed direct correlation of the terrestrial and marine proxy data from core MD95-2042 indicates a three-phase pattern of Heinrich events in land and ocean environments. The first and last phases of the H5 and H4 events are characterized by a mild and humid climate in southwestern Europe, probably associated with the European origin of the ice-rafted detritus. The middle phase exhibits a cold and dry climate in Iberia linked with the maximum input of ice-rafted detritus. This phase seems to correspond with the Laurentide ice-sheet surges. Between the Heinrich events, several cold and dry periods on land are correlated with stades of the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles. The impact of the Dansgaard-Oeschger stades in southwestern Europe seems to be preferentially connected to the cold winter air masses reaching this mid-latitude region.