细基江蓠(Gracilaria tenuistipitata)对海水池塘养殖区Cu~(2+)生物修复的初步研究

随着海水养殖业迅速发展,食用海产品重金属(如Cu、Cd等)超标问题日益突出。作为提取藻胶原材料及海洋养殖动物饲料的细基江蓠,可以大规模生长在海水池塘养殖区,有望用于该水域重金属污染的生物修复。本实验通过研究细基江蓠(Gracilaria tenuistipitata)在5个不同Cu2+浓度梯度(0、0.05、0.2、0.8、2.0mg/L)环境下的自身生长状况,及其对Cu2+的吸收富集情况,初步探究了细基江蓠对海水池塘养殖区Cu2+的生物修复能力。实验结果显示细基江蓠对Cu2+有较强的耐受性和吸收富集能力,在0.8mg/L Cu2+浓度下细基江蓠既能保证正常生长,又能吸附水体中最大量的Cu2+。     

Ore Geology,Fluid Inclusion,and S‐ and Pb‐Isotopic Constraints on the Genesis of the Chitudian Zn‐Pb Deposit,Southern Margin of the North China Craton

The Chitudian Zn‐Pb ore deposit, Luanchuan, Henan province, was recently discovered in the southern margin of the North China Craton. The Zn‐Pb orebodies are hosted in the Proterozoic Guandaokou and Luanchuan Groups, occurring as veins in interbedding fracture zones mainly in a WNW‐ and partially in a NS‐direction. The Zn‐Pb ores are characterized by banded, massive, and breccia structures, coarse crystal grains, and a simple mineral composition mainly of galena, sphalerite, pyrite, quartz, dolomite, and calcite. In addition to the vein type orebodies, there are Mo‐ and Zn‐bearing skarn orebodies in the northwest of the Chitudian ore field. Four types of primary fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite were recognized in the Chitudian Zn‐Pb ores, including aqueous, aqueous‐CO₂, daughter‐mineral‐bearing aqueous, and daughter‐mineral‐bearing aqueous‐CO₂ inclusions, with aqueous inclusion being most common. The homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions from the main mineralization stage are from 290°C to 340°C, and the salinities mainly from 3.7 to 14.8 wt% NaCl equivalent. In addition to CO₂, CH₄ and H₂S were detected in the vapor phase and HS^‐ in the liquid phase of the fluid inclusions by Laser Raman spectroscopy. The δ³⁴S_V‐CDT values of ore sulfides from the Chitudian deposit range from ?0.32‰ to 8.30‰, and show two modal peaks in the histogram, one from 1‰ to 4‰, and the other from 5‰ to 7‰. The former peak is similar to that of porphyry‐type Mo‐W deposits in the area, whereas the latter is relatively close to the sulfur in the strata. The ore sulfur may have been derived from both the magma and the strata. The Pb‐isotopic compositions of the ore minerals from Chitudian, with ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 17.005 to l7.953, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 15.414 to 15.587, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb from 37.948 to 39.036, are similar to those of Mesozoic porphyries in the Chitudian ore field, suggesting that the ore‐forming metals were mainly derived from the Mesozoic magmatic intrusions. The Chitudian Zn‐Pb deposit is interpreted to be a distal hydrothermal vein‐type deposit, which was genetically related to the proximal, skarn‐type Mo ore deposits in the region.     

Geology,Fluid Inclusion,and Sulfur Isotope Studies of the Chehugou Porphyry Molybdenum–Copper Deposit,Xilamulun Metallogenic Belt,NE China

The Chehugou Mo–Cu deposit, located 56 km west of Chifeng, NE China, is hosted by Triassic granite porphyry. Molybdenite–chalcopyrite mineralization of the deposit mainly occurs as veinlets in stockwork ore and dissemination in breccia ore, and two ore‐bearing quartz veins crop out to the south of the granite porphyry stock. Based on crosscutting relationships and mineral paragenesis, three hydrothermal stages are identified: (i) quartz–pyrite–molybdenite ± chalcopyrite stage; (ii) pyrite–quartz ± sphalerite stage; and (iii) quartz–calcite ± pyrite ± fluorite stage. Three types of fluid inclusions in the stockwork and breccia ore are recognized: LV, two‐phase aqueous inclusions (liquid‐rich); LVS, three‐phase liquid, vapor, and salt daughter crystal inclusions; and VL, two‐phase aqueous inclusions (gas‐rich). LV and LVS fluid inclusions are recognized in vein ore. Microthermometric investigation of the three types of fluid inclusions in hydrothermal quartz from the stockwork, breccia, and vein ores shows salinities from 1.57 to 66.75 wt% NaCl equivalents, with homogenization temperatures varying from 114°C to 550°C. The temperature changed from 282–550°C, 220–318°C to 114–243°C from the first stage to the third stage. The homogenization temperatures and salinity of the LV, LVS and VL inclusions are 114–442°C and 1.57–14.25 wt% NaCl equivalent, 301–550°C and 31.01–66.75 wt% NaCl equivalent, 286–420°C and 4.65–11.1 wt% NaCl equivalent, respectively. The VL inclusions coexist with the LV and LVS, which homogenize at the similar temperature. The above evidence shows that fluid‐boiling occurred in the ore‐forming stage. δ³⁴S values of sulfide from three type ores change from ?0.61‰ to 0.86‰. These δ³⁴S values of sulfide are similar to δ³⁴S values of typical magmatic sulfide sulfur (c. 0‰), suggesting that ore‐forming materials are magmatic in origin.     

陕西凤县二里河喷流沉积型铅锌矿床的地质地球化学证据

通过实地地质调查和取样测试,对二里河铅锌矿床进行标型矿物微量元素、围岩稀土元素地球化学特征、流体包裹体特征分析。结果表明:二里河铅锌矿床具有海底热水喷流沉积矿床一般地质特征,多期(华力西期+印支期)构造运动和幅度较大的裂陷发育史为大量矿质的喷流和聚集提供了十分有利的导矿和容矿构造条件。标型矿物微量元素地球化学特征显示:闪锌矿明显富集Cd((6 493.74～7 225.68)×10-6),贫Sb、As,黄铁矿w(S)与w(Se)比值为23 443.48～250 284.36,w(Co)与w(Ni)比值为3.47～104.10,指示矿床具热水沉积特征,而黄铁矿w(Fe)/(w(S)+w(As))为0.87～1.52,表明该矿为浅部成因矿床;流体包裹体特征、围岩和闪锌矿稀土元素显著亏损Eu、Ce,指示二里河铅锌矿床可能具有喷流沉积型矿床远源矿化特征;log(δCe)为-0.04～0.04,表明二里河铅锌矿床围岩在还原环境下成岩;石英流体包裹体均一温度及闪锌矿成分指示的温度范围(215℃～333℃)特征表明该矿床为中温矿床。综上所述,二里河铅锌矿床可能为相对远离喷流口的喷流沉积型浅层中温层状矿床。     

西藏冈底斯中部铁铜矿成矿规律及找矿远景分析

冈底斯中部位于西藏高原腹地,地理位置和构造—成矿带所处的位置十分重要,大地构造位于拉萨—冈底斯陆块中部.中新生代在班公湖-怒江特提斯洋向南俯冲、雅鲁藏布江洋向北俯冲、碰撞构造背景制约下,产生了强烈的构造运动和大规模的岩浆活动,为成矿提供了强大的热动力;多期次火山、岩浆热液的参与,为成矿提供了丰富的物质来源,有利的成矿地质背景从宏观上控制了区内金属矿产的形成.本文在前人研究成果的基础上,依据冈底斯中部地区近期地质勘查成果,运用成矿系列理论,以区域构造-岩浆时空演化特征为主导,探讨了区域成矿规律及成矿潜力,在冈底斯中部初步建立了燕山期与花岗质岩石有关的铜—铁—铅锌—银矿床成矿系列和喜马拉雅期与中酸性花岗质岩石有关的铜—铁—铅锌—金矿床成矿系列等2个矿床成矿系列和6个成矿亚系列;划分了洞错—尼玛锑铜多金属矿带、江马—文部铁铜多金属矿带、达雄—甲谷铜铁多金属矿带、隆格尔—尼雄—措麦铁铜矿带和杰萨错—查孜铜、铀钍多金属矿带等5条铁铜多金属成矿带和22个成矿远景区,指明了找矿方向.     

多壁碳纳米管固相萃取快速检测水样中铅镉铜铁

传统的固相萃取填料应用于环境样品的重金属处理过程中,存在pH不稳定和不同极性萃取物共同萃取较为困难等方面的不足,因此寻找新型固相萃取填料显得尤为重要。本文采用多壁碳纳米管填充固相萃取柱,萃取水中金属元素铅、镉、铜和铁,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铅和镉,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铜和铁。实验考察了多壁碳纳米管的性质、溶液pH值、洗脱溶液、样品流速以及基体效应对测定结果的影响。结果显示:溶液pH=9,1 mol/L硝酸为洗脱溶液,样品流速为2 mL/min时,外径8 nm未修饰的多壁碳纳米管有较好的萃取效率,对溶液中铅、镉、铜和铁的最大吸附容量分别为44.91、42.31、54.68和49.07 mg/g,四种元素的吸附容量均衡;钾、钠、钙、镁离子以及苯和甲苯等基质对四种金属元素的萃取影响不大。方法回收率为95.3%~99.5%,精密度(RSD,n=7)为1.2%~3.2%。本方法采用外径8 nm的多壁碳纳米管固相萃取,与传统萃取方法相比,富集效果好、回收率较高,而且操作简便、准确度高;与前人采用外径20~30 nm的多壁碳纳米管的性能相比,镉和铜的吸附容量更高,还可实现对铁的吸附,且铅、镉、铜和铁四种元素的吸附容量均衡,更适合用于检测水样中的金属元素。     

大兴安岭中南段布敦化铜矿床金鸡岭矿段流体包裹体研究

内蒙古布敦化铜矿床位于大兴安岭中南段,包括金鸡岭和孔雀山2个矿段,前者属于斑岩型,后者属于热液脉型,文章对金鸡岭矿段开展了详细的流体包裹体研究。金鸡岭矿段成矿过程可分为早、中、晚3个阶段,即毒砂-黄铁矿（黄铜矿）-石英阶段（早）、黄铜矿-磁黄铁矿-石英阶段（中）、碳酸盐-黄铁矿-石英脉阶段（晚）。其中,中阶段为主成矿阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,早阶段主要发育富气相包裹体、气液两相包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体,中阶段以气液两相包裹体为主,并发育少量含子矿物多相包裹体,晚阶段仅发育气液两相包裹体。早、中、晚阶段流体包裹体的均一温度和w（NaCl_eq）变化范围分别为320~550℃、240~550℃、140~300℃和12.2%~43.2%、6.3%~17.2%、0.5%~9.7%。激光拉曼探针分析显示,早、中阶段包裹体气相成分为CH₄和H₂O,而晚阶段的包裹体气相成分只含H₂O。早阶段多种类型包裹体共生,且均一温度相近,指示早阶段流体发生过沸腾作用。笔者认为早阶段成矿作用主要与高温、高盐度、含CH₄流体的沸腾作用有关,中阶段的成矿作用则主要是流体混合而导致黄铜矿等金属硫化物的析出,晚阶段基本不成矿,只形成少量的黄铁矿。     

粤北大宝山铜多金属矿床中层状铜矿体的成矿时代及其成因意义

在空间上,与斑岩-矽卡岩型矿体密切相关的层状矿体的成因一直是我国矿床学研究的一个焦点问题。长期以来有海底喷流成因和斑岩-矽卡岩型成因的两种主要分歧。此次工作发现在粤北大宝山层状铜矿体中存在辉钼矿和蚀变形成的绢云母,本文通过辉钼矿Re-Os等时线测年以及绢云母Ar-Ar测年对该矿床中层状铜矿体的成矿时代进行限定,获得大宝山层状铜矿体9件辉钼矿样品Re-Os等时线年龄为166.0±3.0Ma、模式年龄为165.7±2.3Ma～163.4±2.4Ma(2σ)、加权平均值为164.8±0.8Ma,2件绢云母样品的Ar-Ar坪年龄分别为166.6±1.6Ma和171.7±2.0Ma,反等时线年龄分别为167.0±2.0Ma和161.7±1.7Ma,由于Ar过剩,出现一个过高值(171.7±2.0Ma),其他年龄值在误差范围内与辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄基本一致。这些结果可以厘定大宝山层状铜矿体的年龄,表明斑岩-矽卡岩与层状铜矿体为同一成矿系统,成因上与侏罗纪花岗质岩浆岩侵位密切相关。结合前人的研究成果,认为位于钦杭带边缘的粤北大宝山铜多金属矿床与古太平洋板块俯冲具有成因联系。     

四川拉拉铜矿床断层三维可视化模型

拉拉铜矿床的断层对矿体形成和赋存状态影响很大,但由于以往地质资料综合程度不够,断层一直存在空间上不连续以及位置与实际位置不符等问题。笔者应用三维地质建模方法,针对以往存在的问题,通过重新整理对比新老地质资料,划分断层期次,完善断层迹线,并采用DIMINE三维矿业软件,建立了较为完善的断层三维可视化模型。     

三维建模技术在湖南花垣铅锌找矿中的应用

湖南花垣铅锌矿床位于上扬子地块东南缘,鄂湘黔深大断裂北西侧,其地质特征和规模类似于美国的MVT型铅锌矿床.区内控矿要素主要为地层、岩相和构造,主要赋矿地层为寒武系下统清虚洞组中段的藻礁灰岩地层,控矿岩相为台地边缘浅滩亚相,主要控矿构造为花垣—张家界大断裂.通过建立矿区和区域2个尺度的三维模型,综合分析了研究区的地质特点及成矿规律,为进一步探测隐伏矿床提供了基础.