气候变化对沈阳冬季供暖期的影响

利用1961-2010年沈阳市的年平均气温和供暖期及供暖期前一个月、供暖期后一个月的逐日平均气温资料,采用线性趋势分析方法及度日法,分析近50 a沈阳市年平均气温和供暖期平均气温变化的总体趋势,并对供暖初日、供暖终日和供暖期长度及供暖强度的变化特征进行分析。结果表明：近50 a沈阳市年平均气温与供暖期平均气温均呈上升趋势,近50 a年平均气温上升明显,通过了显著性检验;气候变暖使得供暖初日推迟;供暖终日提前;供暖期长度缩短;气候变暖使实际供暖强度逐渐减弱。     

Ion cyclotron instability triggered by drifting minor ion species: Cascade effect and exact results

On the basis of bi-Maxwellian velocity distribution functions it has been recently shown that the combined effect of heavy ion thermal anisotropy and drift velocity can trigger ion-cyclotron instabilities beyond the corresponding heavy ion-cyclotron frequency. (Proton-cyclotron instability induced by the thermal anisotrophy of minor ions. J. Geophys. Res. 107 (2002) 1494; Ion-cyclotron instability due to the thermal anisotrophy of drifting ion species. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (2003) 1050.) Here we show that the cascade-type mechanism proposed by Gomberoff and Valdivia (2002, 2003) can take place in the region where main heating of the fast solar wind seems to occur (i.e. within 10 solar radii). We also compare some of the results obtained by using the semi-cold approximation with the exact kinetic dispersion relation.     

内日球太阳风的激波加热

利用HeliosA,B飞船1974年至1980年的太阳风探测资料,分析了不同速度间隔太阳风质子温度径向变化指数在太阳不同活动期的变化,以及不同太阳活动期间内日球行星际激波强度分布的变化．结果指出,在0．3-1．0AU区间行星际激波可能是太阳风加热的一个重要因素,这一因素在太阳活动高年可能起着主要的作用．激波MHD数值模拟也从量的方面表明激波加热太阳风的有效性．     

夏季青藏高原地面热源和高原低涡生成频数的日变化

通过1981—2010年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析出夏季青藏高原地面热源具有强烈的日变化,白天高原是强热源,夜间高原地面转变为弱热汇,日较差可达420 W·m~(-2),呈由西向东递减分布。其中地面感热和潜热加热的日变化均十分明显,日较差分别可达300 W·m~(-2)和200 W·m~(-2);感热加热的日变幅由西北向东南递减,而潜热加热由南向北递减。同时,利用人工识别的高原低涡数据集初步分析了夏季高原低涡生成频数的日变化,发现夜间生成的高原低涡频数略高于白天,其中00 UTC的低涡源地主要在西藏那曲和林芝(工布江达),12 UTC低涡源地主要在西藏那曲和青海玉树。     

Energy deposition of pickup ions and heating of Titan's atmosphere

The deposition of energy, escape of atomic and molecular nitrogen and heating of the upper atmosphere of Titan are studied using a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method. It is found that the globally averaged flux of deflected magnetospheric atomic nitrogen ions and molecular pickup ions deposit more energy in Titan's upper atmosphere than solar radiation. The energy deposition in this region determines the atmospheric loss and the production of the nitrogen neutral torus. The temperature structure near the exobase is also calculated. It is found that, due to the inclusion of the molecular pickup ions more energy is deposited closer to the exobase than assumed in earlier plasma ion heating calculations. Although the temperature at the exobase is only a few degrees larger than it is at depth, the density above the exobase is enhanced by the incident plasma.     

1994年7月我国东部降水异常成因的数值研究

应用ｐ－σ五层原始方程模式，以实际观测得到的阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾异常源为依据，进行了一系列敏感性试验，研究了１９９４年７月我国东部降水异常的成因。结果表明，阿拉伯海，孟加拉湾上空异常热源的维持是造成这次我国华南华北涝，江准流域干旱的重要因子，此外，还对异常热源的影响机制作了讨论。     

大功率高频X波欠密加热电离层的理论与数值模拟

基于电离层中电子的加热物理机制,构建了左旋圆极化(X波)欠密加热理论仿真模型,通过对已知实验的模拟验证了模型的正确性.并利用此模型分析和研究了不同加热参数和背景参数对X波欠密加热效果的影响,结果表明,在X波欠密加热中,加热效果随加热功率增加而增强,随加热频率增加而减弱,在相当的加热条件下,背景电子温度越低、电子密度越小,加热效果越强.最后简单分析了X波欠密加热的一些应用.     

Opening and resetting temperatures in heating geochronological systems

We present a theoretical model for diffusive daughter isotope loss in radiochronological systems with increasing temperature. It complements previous thermochronological models, which focused on cooling, and allows for testing opening and resetting of radiochronometers during heating. The opening and resetting temperatures are, respectively,

Relative contribution of various climatic processes in disintegration of clay-bearing rocks

The climatic processes of heating and cooling, wetting and drying, and freezing and thawing affect the disintegration characteristics of clay-bearing rocks (shales, claystones, mudstones, and siltstones) to varying degrees. Although heating and cooling, wetting and drying, and freezing and thawing are known to be the main processes responsible for physical disintegration of rocks under natural conditions, most of the previous investigators have used methods based only on water content variations (e.g., jar slake, slake index, and slake durability index tests) to assess the disintegration of clay-bearing rocks. Such assessments may not be adequate to explain the field behaviour of clay-bearing rocks subjected to a full range of climatic processes. In order to evaluate the combined effects as well as relative contributions of various climatic processes on the disintegration behaviour, samples of selected clay-bearing rocks, consisting of 5–6 particles, each weighing 85–150 g, were subjected to multiple cycles of heating and cooling, wetting and drying, and freezing and thawing. These treatments resulted in fragmentation of samples with fragments ranging from 50 to 2 mm and finer in dimensions. A new approach, referred to as the disintegration ratio, and defined as the area under the grain size distribution curve of the disintegrated material to the total area encompassing all grain size distribution curves of the samples, was used to account for fragmentation into varying sizes. Statistical analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between fragmentation, mineralogical composition, and physical properties.     

磁暴期间热层中性大气受热抬升的观测例证

采用AE-D卫星上中性大气数密度的观测资料,分析了1975年11月内多次磁暴期间热层大气中氦和原子氧与氮分子之数密度比值的变化.结果表明,磁暴对中性大气加热的理论是符合实际情况的.低热层大气受热抬升使较高高度上的大气中质量较轻成分的数密度相对比例有明显下降,而较重成分的百分比则有增加.与地磁宁静期间相比,在140-10km高度上n(He)/n(N₂)之比值降低了一个数量级,而n(Ar)/n(N₂)的增幅则略大于一个数量级.此比值的变化幅度大小随高度而变,但各高度上暴时变化的发展趋势是基本一致的.