浅谈三轮区划与地理信息系统

文章简单介绍了三轮区划的工作任务和技术要求 ,以及在三轮区划工作中运用地理信息系统实现多学科矿产综合预测的工作方法。     

利用岩石质量指标和岩体块度指数进行岩体质量评价研究——以高放废物地质处置库预选场址甘肃北山1号钻孔为例

岩体质量的评价对于各类大型建筑物特别是地下工程建筑物的安全性具有十分重要的作用。文章基于岩石质量指标（RQD）和岩体块度指数（RBI）的理论，通过对甘肃北山1号钻孔的岩心实测资料证明，岩体块度指数在一定程度上能反映岩体的完整性与相应力学性质的变化特点，同时给出钻孔附近岩体质量分类，进而与岩石质量指标所获得的钻孔附近岩体质量评价分级进行对比。对比结果表明：岩体块度指数在岩石质量评价中能更准确地反映其优越性，具有更为显著的工程意义。     

Statistics of extremes and estimation of extreme rainfall: II. Empirical investigation of long rainfall records / Statistiques de valeurs extrêmes et estimation de précipitations extrêmes: II. Recherche empirique sur de longues séries de précipitations

Abstract

Abstract In the first part of this study, theoretical analyses showed that the Gumbel distribution is quite unlikely to apply to hydrological extremes and that the extreme value distribution of type II (EV2) is a more consistent choice. Based on these theoretical analyses, an extensive empirical investigation is performed using a collection of 169 of the longest available rainfall records worldwide, each having 100–154 years of data. This verifies the theoretical results. In addition, it shows that the shape parameter of the EV2 distribution is constant for all examined geographical zones (Europe and North America), with value κ = 0.15. This simplifies the fitting and the general mathematical handling of the distribution, which become as simple as those of the Gumbel distribution.     

气象装备保障效能评估技术

随着气象部门装备保障业务重要性的不断提高,开展装备保障评估方法的研究,对保障质量进行科学评价成为一个新的课题。就监控、维护和维修3个装备保障子业务分别建立了各自的评估体系,还利用监控、维护和维修业务的独立性,提出了根据业务单位职责的组成,使用监控率、故障率和维修率三者的加权平均值评估装备保障综合效能的方法,对建立装备保障业务的考核体系有一定的参考借鉴意义。     

粤东汕头近岸海域灾害地质风险综合评价

基于粤东汕头近岸海域地质和地球物理资料,通过对物探数据进行解译,查明了该区域内主要有活动断层、埋藏古河道、浅层气、不规则浅埋基岩等灾害地质类型,并结合层次分析法和模糊数学法建立了以断层、埋藏古河道、浅层气、浅埋基岩为评价指标的风险评价体系,得出海域内的不同区块的风险性等级,共分低、较低、中、较高、高5个等级。研究区超过70%的区域灾害风险不高,高风险区分布在榕江外河口、海门湾南部,主要受埋藏古河道和断层影响。较高—高风险区工程地质条件较差,存在的不良地质条件可能会给海上工程建设带来风险,选址时应尽量避开此类区域。评价结果与已查明的灾害分布特点吻合,对以后海上工程项目施工有一定的参考价值。     

Environment and Deep-Sea Mining: A Perspective

Abstract

As the quest for deep-sea mineral resources is gaining momentum, environment and ocean mining have become important aspects of study. Because many of these deposits occur in international waters, the concern for environmental conservation in view of the effects of deep-sea mining is resulting in these effects being studied in different oceans, and efforts to develop regulations governing this exploitation are also underway at national and international levels. The impact assessment of deep-sea mining needs to encompass a variety of subjects, including environmental, socioeconomic, technological, and legal aspects. At the same time, effects of in situ environmental conditions on mining activities also need to be considered for effecient performance by the mining system. Differences in the degree of impact have been noticed during the mining simulation experiments by different investigating agencies. Therefore, interparameter comparisons, standardization of methods, and improvement in mining design are important considerations for proper utilization of resources, conservation of environment, and cost efficiency of the mining operations.     

Reconstructing tsunami run-up from the characteristics of tsunami deposits on the Thai Andaman Coast

Tsunamis can leave deposits on the land surface they inundate. The characteristics of tsunami deposits can be used to calculate tsunami run-up height and velocity. This paper presents a reconstruction of tsunami run-up from tsunami deposit characteristics in a simple mathematical model. The model is modified and applied to reconstruct tsunami run-ups at Ao Kheuy beach and Khuk Khak beach, Phangnga province, Thailand. The input parameters are grain-size and maximum run-up distance of the sediment. The reconstructed run-up heights are 4.16–4.91 m at Ao Kheuy beach and 5.43–9.46 m at Khuk Khak beach. The estimated run-up velocities (maximum velocity) at the still water level are 12.78–19.21 m/s. In the area located 70–140 m inland to the end of run-up inundation, estimated mean run-up velocities decrease from approximately 1.93 m/s to 0 m/s. Reasonably good agreements are found between reconstructed and observed run-up heights. The tsunami run-up height and velocity can be used for risk assessment and coastal development programs in the tsunami affected area. The results show that the area from 0 to 140 m inland was flooded by high velocity run-ups and those run-up energies were dissipated mainly in this area. The area should be designated as either an area where settlement is not permitted or an area where effective protection is provided, for example with flood barriers or forest.     

Digital quantification of the miospore coloration to assess the thermal maturity: Novel RGB-based measuring technique

The post depositional thermal maturity and its related chemical changes induce the sporomorphs color alteration, which is a common useful tool in the optical microscopy of the organic matters (OM) and their pre-geochemical studies. The present contribution uses the modern available opportunity of digital technology to achieve a quantifying system technique, which includes color measurements and their possible graphic presentation. The normal digital images of sporomorphs from several ages and geological settings are used to obtain color measurements in the form of digital Red, Green and Blue triple color system (RGB). These measurements were accomplished using some software programs such as Photoshop™^© or ImageJ with employing average microscope setup. The triple RGB color readings are plotted on a ternary diagram, which is divided into three fields. These fields express the maturity levels. The presented new RGB-based quantifying technique is economic and provides a simple examination for maturity, which is linked to the hydrocarbon generation. This can partially replace or walk side by side with the vitrinite reflectance microscopy.     

霞浦核电基地海洋生物放射性本底水平及辐射剂量评价

为掌握霞浦核电基地海洋生物的放射性本底水平,在其周边50 km范围内采集5类9种海洋生物样品,测量其中的天然放射性核素²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K,以及人工放射性核素¹³⁷Cs、¹³⁴Cs、⁹⁰Sr、⁵⁸Co、⁶⁰Co、⁵⁴Mn、^110mAg、⁶⁵Zn的活度浓度并进行辐射剂量评价。结果显示,所有样品中¹³⁴Cs、⁵⁸Co、⁶⁰Co、⁵⁴Mn、^110mAg、⁶⁵Zn的活度浓度均低于最小可探测活度浓度,²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K、¹³⁷Cs和⁹⁰...     

洋山深水港区海域秋、冬季沉积物中重金属来源分析及生态风险评价(英文)

通过测定洋山深水港区海域2010~2013年6个航次秋、冬季沉积物中重金属含量,分析其时空差异,结果表明该海域沉积物重金属总体含量较低,空间分布较为均匀,Hg、Zn、Pb、Cd含量秋季明显高于冬季,As、Cu含量的季节性波动较小,用因子分析法研究该海域重金属来源,发现陆源工业、船舶航运排污以及有机质降解是研究海域Pb、Cd、Zn的主要来源;农业污染、码头货物装卸残留及建筑垃圾支配着Cu、As、Hg的来源。SQG-Q生态风险评价表明研究海域沉积物中重金属均存在中、低度的生态风险,秋季的生态风险高于冬季,Hg和Cu是主要生态风险因子;地累积指数法评价结果显示研究海域基本不受Hg、As、Zn、Pb的污染;Cd、Cu以轻度污染为主,部分站位属于偏中度污染,6种重金属污染程度依次为:CdCuPbZnHgAs。因子综合得分评价表明,重金属污染相对严重的站位依次为5号、4号及3号站位。但总体看来洋山深水港区附近海域沉积物中重金属污染状况属于轻度污染。