兴蒙造山带晚古生代伸展减薄过程:来自内蒙林西地区岩体的地球化学证据

内蒙古林西县双井地区出露一套含暗色包体的花岗质岩体,位于双井片岩和房框子单元花岗质片麻岩接触带,该岩体对厘定古亚洲洋演化阶段、西伯利亚板块和阿穆尔板块最终碰撞缝合时限具有重要意义。本文对该岩体进行了详细的岩相学、岩石地球化学以及锆石U-Pb年代学研究,讨论了该岩体成因、岩浆源区以及研究区造山带地壳演化等问题。岩体中暗色包体和周边花岗岩大部分锆石记录了～285Ma和～270Ma两期年龄,少量锆石记录了～320Ma的较老年龄,表明该区域在晚石炭世就存在岩浆活动,并在～285Ma、～270Ma更为显著且岩浆活动具有幕式发生的特点,通过锆石的Ti温度计算得岩浆形成温度为～670℃。暗色包体相较周边花岗岩部分更富Al_2O_3(13.96%)、CaO(1.61%)、Na_2O(4.61%)以及Fe_2O_3(3.67%)、MgO(0.62%)、TiO_2(0.28%)、P_2O_5(0.08%)等,但贫K_2O(2.10%),但二者发育有一致的变形现象,具有相同的侵位时代(误差范围内一致)、相似的微量元素配分模式、相近的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成指示二者可能为同源岩浆不同演化阶段的产物。此外,暗色包体样品中,Zr/Hf比值介于31.74～37.08之间(接近原始地幔的Zr/Hf比值36.25),黑云母有壳源和壳幔混合源两种成因类型,I_(Sr)值介于0.7039-0.7055之间,ε_(Nd)(t)值介于-7.30～-5.87之间,锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)介于-3.58～6.72之间等地球化学特征均指示暗色包体的母岩浆在形成过程中有幔源物质的加入,以上特征显示岩体为壳幔混合源岩浆经历不同演化阶段后的产物。岩体中锆石Eu/Eu~*与地壳厚度的拟合结果显示研究区在 ca.290～270Ma 地壳经历了一次显著的减薄过程(ca.50～35km),为区域存在地幔物质上涌提供了动力学证据。结合前人资料,本次研究的含暗色包体的花岗质岩体属于大石寨期,其母岩浆的形成、侵位时代,以及壳幔混合源等地球化学特征精细地约束了该区大石寨期岩浆活动的发育时间及过程,为研究西拉木伦缝合带晚古生代构造演化提供了新证据,同时也清晰地指示出古亚洲洋在晚古生代末期并不处于大洋俯冲阶段,而是造山后的伸展裂解阶段。     

陕西旬阳地区小河金矿硫铅同位素组成及地质意义

小河金矿是近年来在南秦岭中带发现的中型金矿床,矿石类型为微细浸染型,矿床受地层和构造双重控制。在野外工作基础上,根据矿物组合及穿插关系划分了4个成矿阶段:Ⅰ,成矿早期少硫化物石英脉成矿阶段;Ⅱ,石英脉、黄铁矿、毒砂成矿主阶段;Ⅲ,石英脉-多金属硫化物成矿主阶段;Ⅳ,方解石、石英脉成矿晚阶段。其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段是主要金矿化阶段。不同阶段样品的原位硫同位素结果显示:成矿早阶段石英脉期的黄铁矿δ³⁴S值为20.80‰~25.77‰,均值为23.59‰;主成矿期II阶段中黄铁矿、毒砂δ³⁴S值为15.46‰~19.12‰,均值为17.5‰;主成矿期Ⅲ阶段中方铅矿、闪锌矿δ³⁴S值为11.35‰~16.78‰,均值为13.88‰。硫同位素特征指示硫以沉积硫为主,成矿过程可能存在低δ³⁴S值热液的持续加入。金属硫化物Pb同位素测试结果显示²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为17.882 1~18.367 4,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.614 0~15.674 1,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为38.016 3~38.934 2,指示小河金矿铅主要源于地壳,同时伴随幔源铅的混入。综合矿床地质特征及硫、铅同位素地球化学特征,认为小河金矿成矿过程可能存在流体混合作用。     

东昆仑地区驼路沟钴(金)矿床硅质钠长岩锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素特征研究

东昆仑驼路沟钴(金)矿床是青海省发现的首个独立大型喷流沉积型矿床,说明容矿围岩为一套海相火山-沉积岩系。本文在野外调查的基础上,对该矿区短沟矿段YM1坑口的硅质钠长岩进行岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb年代学及Hf同位素分析。结果表明,区内钠长岩的形成年龄为(457.3±4.6)Ma,佐证了该矿区喷流作用成岩与成矿的同时性;另外获得9.20~1.10 Ga和2.40~2.50 Ga的2个年龄集中区,说明了研究区基底演化和源区物质的复杂性。Hf同位素显示为两个集中区,其中年龄峰值422~459 Ma的锆石获得εHf(t)值为-0.61~12.72,表明锆石母岩主要为新生的地壳物质,指示硅质钠长岩的形成与海底火山喷发作用密切相关;另外0.85~1.10 Ga的锆石εHf(t)值为-15.09~-0.07,其锆石母岩中主要为再造的古老地壳,表明该区基底源区物质的复杂性。通过区域对比分析,认为驼路沟矿区含矿火山-沉积岩系形成时代与钠长岩年龄、成矿年龄非常接近,喷流沉积时代应为晚奥陶世。     

The U-Pb Geochronology and Lu-Hf Isotope Compositions of Detrital Zircons from the Nanhua Group of the Longsheng Region, South China and their Implications for Pan-African Events

It is unclear whether the South China blocks have an affinity with continental Gondwana due to a lack of direct Pan-African magmatic and metamorphic features. In this study, we conducted U-Pb geochronological and Lu-Hf isotopic analyses for detrital zircons from a sandstone of the Chang’an Formation of the Nanhua Group in the Longsheng region of northern Guangxi, with the aim of constraining the timing of sedimentation and information as to its source, as well as seeking evidence for Pan-African events in the South China blocks. The results show that the ages of detrital zircons peaked at 654.7 ± 6.2 Ma, 773.2 ± 4.1 Ma and 821.9 ± 6.5 Ma, with some at 920–870 Ma; the youngest age indicates the existence of the Pan-African thermal event. The εHf(t) and TDM2 values demonstrate that the study area has experienced three stages of crustal growth at 3.0–2.4 Ga, 2.1–1.5 Ga and 1.3–0.9 Ga. With intensively distributed Neoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic and granitic plutons emplaced at 830–810 Ma along the southwestern section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt and positive εHf(t) values from a large group of zircon grains, it is proposed that the sediments of the Chang’an Formation (of Nanhua Group) were largely sourced from the southeastern margin of the Yangtze block. Comparison with the zircon age spectra of the Cathaysian block shows that about 79% of the Pan-African aged detrital zircon grains that have TDM2 = 1352–1031 Ma and εHf(t) = 3.68–8.79, were sourced from the recycled Grenvillian crust of the Cathaysian block, suggesting that the Cathaysian block had a close connection with Gondwana.     

Effect of the Dry Ashing Method on Cadmium Isotope Measurements in Soil and Plant Samples

A dry ashing method is commonly used to remove organic material from samples prior to geochemical analysis. In the course of this study, the Cd isotope ratios of a series of soil and plant reference materials and samples were studied to evaluate the effect of the dry ashing method on measurement results of Cd isotope ratios. The samples were pre‐treated using the dry ashing method and high‐pressure bomb for comparison. The results show that the digestion using high‐pressure bombs did not lead to Cd loss, but using the dry ashing method would cause different proportions of Cd loss. The whole range of Cd isotope difference between two methods was from ?0.07‰ to 3.01‰. There was also an obvious difference in measured Cd isotope ratios from the same leaf sample pre‐treated independently by the dry ashing method, indicating that the amount of Cd loss and the effect on Cd isotope measurement during dry ashing is related to the properties of the samples. Therefore, dry ashing may not be appropriate for the removal of organic material in Cd isotope ratio measurement, especially for samples with high organic contents. The δ^114/110Cd values of reference materials NIST SRM 1573a and GSD‐30 are reported for the first time in this study.     

冀东峪耳崖金矿区闪长岩脉地球化学特征及其地质意义

冀东地区位于华北板块北缘燕山造山带东部,矿产资源丰富,是中国金矿的主要产地之一,尤其是热液型金矿。峪耳崖金矿床是冀东众多热液型金矿床的典型代表,金矿主体赋存于侏罗纪峪耳崖花岗岩体内,少部分赋存于侵入花岗岩体的侏罗纪闪长岩脉中。闪长岩脉元素地球化学分析显示：w（SiO₂）为51.99%~61.88%、Mg^#值为0.37~0.64,w（Na₂O+K₂O）为5.07%~8.89%,A/NK为1.37~2.26,A/CNK为0.73~0.96,属准铝质高钾钙碱性系列;富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K、Sr,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti。锆石原位Hf同位素测试表明,ε_Hf（t）为负值,介于-16.5~-6.5之间。综合研究认为：峪耳崖金矿区侏罗纪闪长岩浆源于俯冲流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔,岩浆上侵过程中受到华北板块古老下地壳物质的有限混染;成矿期闪长岩浆为金成矿提供了部分物质来源;峪耳崖金矿区闪长岩脉形成于古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲的动力学背景。     

Integration of zircon and apatite U–Pb geochronology and geochemical mapping of the Wude basalts(Emeishan large igneous province):A tool for a better understanding of the tectonothermal and geodynamic evolution of the Emeishan LIP

Radiogenic isotopic dating and Lu–Hf isotopic composition using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)of the Wude basalt in Yunnan province from the Emeishan large igneous province(ELIP)yielded timing of formation and post-eruption tectonothermal event.Holistic lithogeochemistry and elements mapping of basaltic rocks were further reevaluated to provide insights into crustal contamination and formation of the ELIP.A zircon U–Pb age of 251.3±2.0 Ma of the Wude basalt recorded the youngest volcanic eruption event and was consistent with the age span of 251-263 Ma for the emplacement of the ELIP.Such zircons hadε_Hf(t)values ranging from7.3 to+2.2,identical to those of magmatic zircons from the intrusive rocks of the ELIP,suggesting that crust-mantle interaction occurred during magmatic emplacement,or crust-mantle mixing existed in the deep source region prior to deep melting.The apatite U–Pb age at 53.6±3.4 Ma recorded an early Eocene magmatic superimposition of a regional tectonothermal event,corresponding to the Indian–Eurasian plate collision.Negative Nb,Ta,Ti and P anomalies of the Emeishan basalt may reflect crustal contamination.The uneven Nb/La and Th/Ta values distribution throughout the ELIP supported a mantle plume model origin.Therefore,the ELIP was formed as a result of a mantle plume which was later superimposed by a regional tectonothermal event attributed to the Indian–Eurasian plate collision during early Eocene.     

Sensitivity assessment of strontium isotope as indicator of polluted groundwater for hydraulic fracturing flowback fluids produced in the Dameigou Shale of Qaidam Basin

Hydrogeochemical processes that would occur in polluted groundwater and aquifer system, may reduce the sensitivity of Sr isotope being the indicator of hydraulic fracturing flowback fluids(HFFF) in groundwater. In this paper, the Dameigou shale gas field in the northern Qaidam Basin was taken as the study area, where the hydrogeochemical processes affecting Sr isotope was analysed. Then, the model for Sr isotope in HFFF-polluted groundwater was constructed to assess the sensitivity of Sr isotope as HFFF indicator. The results show that the dissolution can release little Sr to polluted groundwater and cannot affect the εSr(the deviation of the 87 Sr/86 Sr ratio) of polluted groundwater. In the meantime, cation exchange can considerably affect Sr composition in the polluted groundwater. The Sr with low εSr is constantly released to groundwater from the solid phase of aquifer media by cation exchange with pollution of Quaternary groundwater by the HFFF and it accounts for 4.6% and 11.0% of Sr in polluted groundwater when the HFFF flux reaches 10% and 30% of the polluted groundwater, respectively. However, the Sr from cation exchange has limited impact on Sr isotope in polluted groundwater. Addition of Sr from cation exchange would only cause a 0.2% and 1.2% decrease in εSr of the polluted groundwater when the HFFF flux reaches 10% and 30% of the polluted groundwater, respectively. These results demonstrate that hydrogeochemical processes have little effect on the sensitivity of Sr isotope being the HFFF indicator in groundwater of the study area. For the scenario of groundwater pollution by HFFF, when the HFFF accounts for 5%(in volume percentage) of the polluted groundwater, the HFFF can result in detectable shifts of εSr(ΔεSr=0.86) in natural groundwater. Therefore, after consideration of hydrogeochemical processes occurred in aquifer with input of the HFFF, Sr isotope is still a sensitive indicator of the Quaternary groundwater pollution by the HFFF produced in the Dameigou shale of Qaidam Basin.     

同位素水化学指示的新疆孔雀河流域地下水与地表水关系

地下水是孔雀河流域农业灌溉的主要水源之一,其对本地区经济发展的支撑作用日益增强.为实现孔雀河流域水资源合理开发和生态保护,采用环境同位素和水化学方法,研究了孔雀河流域地下水与地表水关系.结果表明:地下水的主要补给来源为河水.含水层成因类型和现代河道分布共同控制着孔雀河流域地下咸淡水的空间分布格局;氢氧稳定同位素对不同水...     

西藏申扎县甲岗雪山钨、钼、铋多金属矿床稳定同位素地球化学特征及矿床成因探讨

冈底斯成矿带是西藏重要的多金属成矿区之一,在该成矿带北部申扎县首次发现的甲岗雪山钨、钼、铋多金属矿床是不同于其南部斑岩型铜多金属矿床的成矿新类型,该矿床的发现是藏北地区内生金属矿找矿的重要突破.文章对该矿床矿石稳定同位素地球化学特征进行研究表明:成矿流体主要来源于岩浆岩,围岩(地层)可能只提供了少量成矿物质;该矿床硫的来源单一,属于岩浆硫范畴,矿石与围岩中的硫具有相同的来源;铅的来源以地壳铅为主,并混有少量地幔铅.根据上述研究,结合矿床地质特征及同国内外同类型矿床的对比,认为甲岗雪山多金属矿床是在大陆碰撞后陆内伸展构造背景下,形成于喜马拉雅中期中酸性岩浆活动阶段,矿质主要源自岩浆的石英大脉型钨、钼、铋多金属矿床.