西北干旱区夏半年深厚的混合层与干旱气候形成

为了更好地理解西北干旱区大气混合层(ML)厚度的变化特征及其对当地干旱气候形成的影响,我们利用张掖和民勤站夏季及相关月的实测探空资料及T-log P图解法,首先计算了该两地逐日ML厚度,然后分析并讨论了它的时空间变化特征、与干湿天气气候的关系,以及夏半年的深厚ML,对加剧当地干旱气候的影响.结果表明:(1)河西中东部ML厚度的年变化及地区差异明显.冬季最浅薄,夏半年深厚(特别是5、6月),4月及10月分别是ML急剧增厚及变薄的过渡期;同时,更靠近西北干旱区中心的河西西部及北部的ML更深厚.(2)夏季干(湿)天气通过加强(减弱)地气间的感热交换和干对流,而明显影响当地的ML厚度.平均而言,以高温日最深厚,千日次之,小雨日再次之,而中强雨日最浅薄.千年夏季的ML厚度平均比湿年的对应值增厚300 m左右.夏季典型千日的ML厚度比雨日厚3000 m,典型干日的ML厚度昼宿变化不大.(3)反过来夏半年深厚的ML也通过增加雨滴蒸发损耗,减少了干旱区的降水,加剧了当地干旱的程度,因此夏半年深厚的ML也是形成干旱气候背景的成因之一.     

年轻星天体的质量

质量是恒星最基本、最重要的物理量之一,它在恒星形成和演化过程中起着至关重要的作用.年轻星天体的形成机制以及早期演化过程是彻底解决恒星形成问题的关键所在,而年轻星天体形成过程中的物质下落、质量吸积以及外流等物理过程都与年轻星天体的质量密切相关.该文介绍了确定年轻星天体质量的一些常用方法,包括利用开普勒定律的动力学方法、赫罗图方法、年轻星天体脉动方法和磁层吸积方法等.并对这些方法的适用范围及测量精度进行了评述,还综述了各种方法的研究进展及未来可能的发展.     

The old metal-poor open cluster ESO 92-SC05: accreted from a dwarf galaxy?

The study of old open clusters outside the solar circle can bring constraints on formation scenarios of the outer disc. In particular, accretion of dwarf galaxies has been proposed as a likely mechanism in the area. We use BVI photometry for determining fundamental parameters of the faint open cluster ESO 92-SC05. Colour–magnitude diagrams are compared with Padova isochrones, in order to derive age, reddening and distance. We derive a reddening   E ( B − V ) = 0.17  , and an old age of ∼6.0 Gyr. It is one of the rare open clusters known to be older than 5 Gyr. A metallicity of   Z ∼ 0.004  or  [M/H]∼−0.7  is found. The rather low metallicity suggests that this cluster might be the result of an accretion episode of a dwarf galaxy.     

湖南临湘虎形山矿区蚀变地球化学过程研究

湖南省临湘市虎形山钨矿是近年来新发现的大型钨铍矿床。矿区内围岩蚀变类型较多,主要有云英岩化、硅化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化、绿泥石化等。为了探究矿区围岩蚀变与成矿的关系,对蚀变硅质板岩分别作了主微量元素分析,通过元素相关性分析探究了各元素的迁移特征,并探讨了主要蚀变过程中出现的矿化类型以及矿化过程中一些金属矿物的生成顺序;利用标准化Isocon图解法,对围岩蚀变过程中组分的带入带出进行质量平衡计算。研究结果表明,板岩中组分迁移受绢云母化影响强烈,其中云英岩化与成矿关系最为密切,碳酸盐化与钨矿化也有一定联系。通过对湘东北地区、虎形山矿区冷家溪群和上地壳W、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Sb丰度值的对比,反映了矿区地层富含成矿物质,但并未给成矿提供物质来源。     

A comparison of neighbourhood relations based on ordinary Delaunay diagrams and area Delaunay diagrams: an application to define the neighbourhood relations of buildings

ABSTRACT

The aim of this article is to describe a convenient but robust method for defining neighbourhood relations among buildings based on ordinary Delaunay diagrams (ODDs) and area Delaunay diagrams (ADDs). ODDs and ADDs are defined as a set of edges connecting the generators of adjacent ordinary Voronoi cells (points representing centroids of building polygons) and a set of edges connecting two centroids of building polygons, which are the generators of adjacent area Voronoi cells, respectively. Although ADDs are more robust than ODDs, computation time of ODDs is shorter than that of ADDs (the order of their computation time complexity is O(nlogn)). If ODDs can approximate ADDs with a certain degree of accuracy, the former can be used as an alternative. Therefore, we computed the ratio of the number of ADD edges to that of ODD edges overlapping ADDs at building and regional scales. The results indicate that: (1) for approximately 60% of all buildings, ODDs can exactly overlap ADDs with extra ODD edges; (2) at a regional scale, ODDs can overlap approximately 90% of ADDs with 10% extra ODD edges; and (3) focusing on judging errors, although ADDs are more accurate than ODDs, the difference is only approximately 1%.     

基于SuperMap的空间大数据可视化技术研究与应用

人类正从IT时代走向DT时代,诸多的技术手段使大数据处理技术能够从大规模数据中分析出相关模式或趋势,让我们对海量数据的价值挖掘充满了期待.当可视化呈现让大数据的潜力达到最大时,以往未被观察到的现象或趋势很容易被发现,用户能够快速地获得更多信息,发现他们所需要的价值.因此,如何最大化地呈现大数据中隐含的价值变得尤为关键.本文将重点研究空间大数据的可视化方法,充分发挥数据可视化的作用,帮助用户挖掘隐藏在空间大数据中的价值.     

Point grid map: a new type of thematic map for statistical data associated with geographic points

ABSTRACT

Social, economic, and environmental statistical data associated with geographic points are currently globally available in large amounts. When conventional thematic maps, such as proportional symbol maps or point diagram maps, are used to represent these data, the maps appear cluttered if the point data volumes are relatively large or cover a relatively dense region. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new type of thematic map for statistical data associated with geographic points: the point grid map. In a point grid map, an input point data set is transformed into a grid in which each point is represented by a square grid cell of equal size while preserving the relative position of each point, which leads to a clear and uncluttered appearance, and the grid cells can be shaded or patterned with symbols or diagrams according to the attributes of the points. We present an algorithm to construct a point grid map and test it with several simulated and real data sets. Furthermore, we present some variants of the point grid map.     

CINRAD/SA(B)发射机触发器芯片级故障诊断流程

发射机触发放大器主要为调制器中SCR开关管提供放电触发脉冲,同时兼具调制组件的保护功能。发射机触发器芯片级故障诊断流程将触发器故障定位到芯片级,大大降低了触发器故障维修成本,同时为雷达测试平台中触发器故障自动诊断建模提供了技术支持。在发射机触发器信号流程基础上,依据发射机触发器关键点波形或关键点电平,通过触发器故障树图了解故障因果关系,研究出规范化的触发器芯片级故障诊断流程。列举了依据触发器芯片级故障诊断流程,修复了由于单稳态触发器无触发信号输出,导致无-200V放电触发信号的单稳态触发器故障个例。结果表明:芯片级触发器故障诊断流程可以快速定位发射机触发器故障点到最小可更换芯片。具有操作方法简洁、诊断思路清晰、操作规范,基层雷达站技术人员容易掌握的特点,可有效提高新一代天气雷达技术保障水平,保证雷达观测数据的可靠性。     

中原城市群城市引力范围界定及演变格局

通过构建反映城市综合实力的指标体系,运用熵值法对中原城市群30个城市2005,2010,2015年的综合实力分别进行测算与评定,运用基于扩展断裂点模型的加权Voronoi图方法对中原城市群各城市引力范围进行划分并展示了城市间引力界线的变化趋势,揭示了中原城市群30个城市3个年份的城市引力范围时空演变特征和变化规律。结果表明:3个年份,综合实力较高的地区基本分布在中原城市群中部和北部,东南部城市综合实力较弱,排名靠后,呈现出中北高、东南低两极化的发展规律;目前中原城市群城市引力范围格局中,郑州市的引力范围最大,其次是洛阳市、邯郸市,已经形成了以郑州为城市群核心的空间格局;3个年份,中原城市群的城市影响范围演变格局总体较为稳定,局部地区空间吸引范围变化较为明显,中、北部城市发展态势良好,影响范围有向北扩大的趋势;城市引力范围与其综合实力不完全呈正相关关系。