孟加拉盆地东部褶皱带差异构造变形及成因

基于野外地质调查和地震资料分析,证实了孟加拉盆地东部褶皱带发育底部和中部两套滑脱层。底部滑脱层在整个褶皱带均发育,而中部滑脱层仅发育于北段—中段的陆上和陆架区,在中段的陆坡-洋盆区及南段则不发育。中部滑脱层的发育受古陆坡富泥沉积控制。北段—中段主要发育滑脱褶皱及被断层突破的滑脱褶皱,而南段主要发育泥底辟和泥火山构造。孟加拉盆地东部褶皱带滑脱层系及构造样式的差异变形特征主要受区域挤压作用、沉积作用以及地层流体超压等方面存在着差异的共同影响。     

准噶尔盆地南缘古牧地背斜多期构造变形特征

古牧地背斜位于博格达山前阜康断裂带的北缘。为探讨博格达山隆升在沉积盆地内的构造响应特征,作者结合野外地表露头观测、地震反射特征和磷灰石裂变径迹分析,认为古牧地背斜垂向上可划分为深浅两大构造层:深层侏罗系西山窑组(J_2x)以下地层具有双重构造的特征,活动时间为150~130和100~80 Ma;浅层侏罗系西山窑组及以上地层具有断层突破型断层传播褶皱的特征,活动时间约为30 Ma。以上研究成果一方面反映出博格达山晚侏罗世以来多期构造活动的特点,另一方面反映古牧地背斜深层双重构造具有形成时间早、埋深相对浅的特点,是准噶尔盆地南缘有利的油气勘探领域。     

不同开采条件下采空区地表变形机理的数值模拟研究

通过建立数值模型,模拟不同采深、采宽、采厚及不同开采倾角下采空区地表的变形,通过数值模拟及计算得出各开采条件下地表的下沉曲线及水平移动曲线,进而分析地表变形规律及变形机理,为研究开采引起的地表变形提供一种便捷的方法。     

三峡库区曾家棚滑坡变形特征与成因机制分析

2012年6月,三峡库区大溪河曾家棚发生滑坡,该滑坡在库水位变动和暴雨共同作用下发生,其发生发展过程及形成模式在三峡库区具有典型代表性。通过对比曾家棚滑坡以往勘查测绘资料和本次滑动变形实测及调查结果,对该滑坡影响因素和成因机制进行了分析,并提出了其发展变化演化过程,预测了其发展变化趋势及危害性,可为库区相似岸坡稳定性分析及监测预警提供借鉴。     

平行小净距盾构与CRD法黄土地铁隧道施工力学研究

西安轨道交通工程是目前首例在我国黄土地区修建的地铁隧道,一号线枣园北路站至汉城路站K12+792.744～K12+889.899区间隧道为同时满足双线正常行车和右线停车线扩大断面的功能需要,选取了左线小断面隧道为盾构法与右线大断面隧道为CRD法相结合的施工方案。针对该地铁隧道的施工过程,进行了三维动态数值模拟和施工力学分析,通过分析施工引起的地表变形、中间土体应力和围岩塑性区的特征和规律,从而研究得出CRD法与盾构法隧道先后施工相互影响的规律性成果：先行大断面隧道采取CRD法施工对后行小断面盾构隧道上方地表沉降的影响较后者对前者的影响大;后行隧道的贯通使得先行隧道开挖形成的地表变形轴线向后行隧道侧偏移了约0.5倍净距,并且地表变形的横向影响范围和地表沉降量均有增大,主要表现在靠后行隧道一侧;先行大断面隧道的开挖较后者对中间土体应力影响大,对相邻洞土体的影响在同掌子面处最为显著。结合西安地铁隧道工程实践开展的数值模拟分析研究,可为今后在黄土地区修建地铁隧道提供具有指导意义的研究成果和宝贵的工程实践经验。     

寒区工程动荷载模型试验系统设计

寒区工程动荷载模型试验系统主要由模型试验槽、制冷及控温装置、动力加载装置、传感器和数据采集系统四部分组成．系统具有如下特点：能根据实际工程对长3m、宽2．5rn和高1m的模型试验土体进行低温动荷载试验;采用3组冷冻板给土体降温,降温速度快,能提供的最低温度为-20℃,而且能提供多组均匀、稳定的温度边界,冷冻板的温度波动...     

博格达山地区二叠纪以来构造应力场解析及地质意义

博格达山是现代地质学研究的一个热点,但是大部分研究都集中在博格达何时隆升,对于其构造应力场的研究较少。作者通过对博格达山地区不同时代地层中岩墙、节理、褶皱和断层等构造进行分期配套以及构造要素测量分析,认为二叠纪以来博格达山及周缘地区具有较强构造变形,构造应力场可划分为3期:二叠纪末期最大主压应力方向为北西西向,可能与后碰撞伸展作用和乌拉尔碰撞带向东挤压的远程效应有关;侏罗纪末-早白垩世最大主压应力为近南北向,与欧亚板块和拉萨地块的碰撞有关;新近纪以来由于印度板块与欧亚板块相互碰撞的远程效应,博格达山地区最大主应力方向为NNE-NE向。这些结果表明,博格达山具有多期次的构造运动,主要受欧亚板块南缘不同时期小陆块碰撞的控制,并且这些构造应力场对周缘盆地油气成藏具有一定影响。     

Application of the third medium method for frictionless contact problems in geomechanics

Traditional approaches in contact mechanics demand complicated search algorithms at the interface between the contacting bodies. Recently, a new contact method based on the concept of a third medium has been developed, which overcomes the drawbacks of conventional contact mechanics techniques. This new scheme is based on a space filling mesh, in which the contacting bodies can move and interact. The ability and accuracy of this method in predicting displacements, as well as the contact forces, is validated by solving selected numerical examples. The potential merits of this method for analysing geotechnical problems by the finite element method are addressed.     

双线平行盾构隧道施工引起的三维土体变形研究

基于双线水平平行盾构施工中土体损失引起的土体变形二维解析解,建立土体变形三维解析解。取不同的纵向位置作为变量,建立土体损失率沿纵向的变化方程;考虑先行隧道施工对后行隧道的影响,分别计算两条盾构隧道施工引起的土体变形,叠加得到双线平行盾构施工引起的土体总变形。其方法能够计算土体深层沉降和水平位移,较精确地反映土体三维变形。算例分析结果表明：预测值与实测值较为吻合;土体沉降随着离开挖面距离的增加而不断增大,最终在x = -40 m左右时趋于稳定;随着先行隧道与后行隧道开挖距离的接近,最大土体总沉降量逐渐增大;土体沉降会随着深度z的增大而略微增加,但沉降槽宽度将略微减小;随着两条隧道轴线水平距离L的增大,最大土体沉降逐渐减小,沉降曲线形状慢慢由V型转变成W型,不再符合正态分布规律。     

Andean earthquakes triggered by the 2010 Maule,Chile (Mw 8.8) earthquake: Comparisons of geodetic,seismic and geologic constraints

The Maule, Chile, (M_w 8.8) earthquake on 27 February 2010 triggered deformation events over a broad area, allowing investigation of stress redistribution within the upper crust following a mega-thrust subduction event. We explore the role that the Maule earthquake may have played in triggering shallow earthquakes in northwestern Argentina and Chile. We investigate observed ground deformation associated with the M_w 6.2 (GCMT) Salta (1450 km from the Maule hypocenter, 9 h after the Maule earthquake), M_w 5.8 Catamarca (1400 km; nine days), M_w 5.1 Mendoza (350 km; between one to five days) earthquakes, as well as eight additional earthquakes without an observed geodetic signal. We use seismic and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations to characterize earthquake location, magnitude and focal mechanism, and characterize how the non-stationary, spatially correlated noise present in the geodetic imagery affects the accuracy of our parameter estimates. The focal mechanisms for the far-field Salta and Catamarca earthquakes are broadly consistent with regional late Cenozoic fault kinematics. We infer that dynamic stresses due to the passage of seismic waves associated with the Maule earthquake likely brought the Salta and Catamarca regions closer to failure but that the involved faults may have already been at a relatively advanced stage of their seismic cycle. The near-field Mendoza earthquake geometry is consistent with triggering related to positive static Coulomb stress changes due to the Maule earthquake but is also aligned with the South America-Nazca shortening direction. None of the earthquakes considered in this study require that the Maule earthquake reactivated faults in a sense that is inconsistent with their long-term behavior.