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51.
K. Reicherter A. Kaiser W. Stackebrandt 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2005,94(5-6):1083-1093
The recent evolution of the north German Basin (NGB), which is presently a low-seismic area, was partly affected by glacial
loading and unloading of the ice masses. Major stresses acting within the NGB are induced by the North-Atlantic ridge push,
the ongoing Alpine collision, and the post-glacial rebound of Fennoscandia. Present-day horizontal stresses within the NGB
are directed generally NW–SE, but fan and bend north of 52°N towards NNE. Major basement faults are directed NW–SE, minor
faults NE–SW and NNE–SSW, and are clearly detectable in geomorphological and satellite lineaments. Furthermore, the drainage
pattern and the distribution of lakes in northern Germany follow exactly block boundaries and, hence, mark zones of present-day
subsidence. The understanding of the post-glacial morphology and reactivation of faults requires a view into the very heterogeneous
crust and upper mantle below the NGB. The re-adjustment of the individual fault blocks during post-glacial relaxation of the
lithosphere leads to differential, crust-dependent uplift and, probably, to the formation of Urstrom valleys. The Urstrom
valleys and terminal moraines in northern Germany appear to parallel the major tectonic lineaments and lithospheric “block”
boundaries. The lithospheric memory is expressed in the post-glacial landscape evolution of the NGB. 相似文献
52.
Development of an integrated conceptual model for the rational management of the transboundary Nestos River, Greece 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper provides a detailed analysis of the geologic, hydrologic and hydrogeologic characteristics of Nestos River basin,
which is formed within the Greek mountainous part of the river. The quantitative analysis was mainly based on the data of
the river flow in different gauging points across the rivercourse as well as on the data of groundwater discharge from karst
springs of the mountainous area while important conclusions were made regarding the hydraulic connection between the surface
waters of the river and the groundwater of the karst aquifers of the basin. The qualitative analysis has shown that the quality
of both surface waters and groundwaters of the investigated basin is high, whereas, no sources of contamination were indicated
during this research. The possible effects of the two large dams of Platanovrisi and Thesavros are also analysed as they strongly
affect the quantitative and qualitative regime of the river delta. 相似文献
53.
Temporal and spatial variations in water flow and sediment load in Narmada River Basin, India: natural and man-made factors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Narmada River flows through the Deccan volcanics and transports water and sediments to the adjacent Arabian Sea. In a
first-ever attempt, spatial and temporal (annual, seasonal, monthly and daily) variations in water discharge and sediment
loads of Narmada River and its tributaries and the probable causes for these variations are discussed. The study has been
carried out with data from twenty-two years of daily water discharge at nineteen locations and sediment concentrations data
at fourteen locations in the entire Narmada River Basin. Water flow in the river is a major factor influencing sediment loads
in the river. The monsoon season, which accounts for 85 to 95% of total annual rainfall in the basin, is the main source of
water flow in the river. Almost 85 to 98% of annual sediment loads in the river are transported during the monsoon season
(June to November). The average annual sediment flux to the Arabian Sea at Garudeshwar (farthest downstream location) is 34.29×106 t year−1 with a water discharge of 23.57 km3 year−1. These numbers are the latest and revised estimates for Narmada River. Water flow in the river is influenced by rainfall,
catchment area and groundwater inputs, whereas rainfall intensity, geology/soil characteristics of the catchment area and
presence of reservoirs/dams play a major role in sediment discharge. The largest dam in the basin, namely Sardar Sarovar Dam,
traps almost 60–80% of sediments carried by the river before it reaches the Arabian Sea. 相似文献
54.
秦末以来秦都咸阳地貌演变 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
秦都咸阳地貌演变研究是秦咸阳考古和关中地区历史环境演变研究不容忽视的问题。秦末以来,秦都咸阳地貌演变包括渭河河道北移和咸阳原边坡地貌变化两个方面。通过文献考证与实地考察恢复了秦末、唐、明、清各代渭河的河道位置,秦末以来秦都咸阳段渭河河道北移4100m,平均北移速度1.8764m/a,明代以前北移较慢,以后北移速度显著加快,清顺治至现代北移速度达到5.9701m/a。咸阳原南侧边坡上的中小切沟主要是秦以后形成的。原坡上的村庄平台是历史上人为斩齐原坡,挖掘窑洞,引起原边逐步后退的结果,是咸阳原边坡人为地貌演变的体现。 相似文献
55.
粤东河源盆地是东南沿海规模较大的晚中生代—新生代陆相盆地之一,发育有较为完整的晚白垩世—新近纪地层。研究该盆地的深部构造、控盆断裂、沉积序列和盆地的形成发展,对于认识东南沿海晚中生代—新近纪的大地构造演化有重要意义。通过对野外地质调查、地球物理反射剖面和约两千米的地质科学钻探等数据资料的综合研究,查明了河源盆地为中生代—新生代沉积断陷盆地,地层结构清晰,沉积基底为早古生代地层,并建立了该盆地晚白垩世—新近纪的三阶段沉积序列;该盆地发育渐新世的火山岩,揭示了控盆边界断裂及内部构造发育特征,暗示了原型盆地的破坏发生于晚新生代:即盆地南北两侧紫金—博罗逆冲断层和河源断裂带在晚古近纪—新近纪强烈地改造了原型盆地;基于以上认识,初步恢复了河源盆地的形成演化历史,构建了河源盆地沉积序列-构造演化模式。 相似文献
56.
利用国家气象信息中心1998—2018年分辨率为0.1°×0.1°的降水融合资料和ERA5小时再分析数据,分析了四川盆地及东部山区6—9月降水的日变化特征及成因。研究表明,四川盆地(简称盆地)降水量和频次有相似的日变化特征,盆地降水主要集中在夜间至清晨,降水高值区东传到达盆地东部山区后,降水量和频次都减少,东部山区没有明显的降水东传特征。夜间至清晨,盆地东南山地背风坡形成了较强的下沉气流,促进盆地低层形成质量堆积,同时盆地气旋性涡旋、水汽输入和大气层结不稳定的增强,造成盆地降水增强。盆地东南地区水汽通量方向自东南转为偏南以及盆地低层水汽辐合区向东扩展为盆地降水高值区向东传播提供水汽条件。盆地东部山区降水量峰值时间呈早晨和午后的双峰型分布,与地形触发局地性降水有关。受大气层结稳定性、山地气旋环流和山地—平原螺线管环流日变化的影响,盆地东部山区降水频次峰值时间呈午后的单峰型分布。 相似文献
57.
北太平洋维多利亚模态(Victoria Mode, VM)是北太平洋重要的气候模态,对全球降水和气候有着重要影响。本文使用CN05.1格点化观测数据集资料,研究了春季(2—4月)VM模态与我国淮河流域夏季(6—8月)降水的关系,揭示了其内在的可能机制,并在此基础上建立了一个淮河流域夏季降水预测模型。结果表明,春季VM模态与淮河流域夏季降水存在较强的正相关关系,该相关受ENSO影响有限;春季VM模态可以通过海气相互作用在夏季增强赤道西太平洋上空的异常西风,导致影响淮河流域的气旋性环流异常。气旋性环流异常有利于淮河流域上空丰富的水汽供应和异常上升运动。因此,淮河流域夏季降水量增加。 相似文献
58.
59.
Late Paleozoic Fluid Systems and Their Ore-forming Effects in the Yuebei Basin, Northern Guangdong, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
DENG Jun YANG Liqiang SUN Zhongshi WANG Jianping WANG Qingfei CHENG Xueming ZHOU Yinghua State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics Lithoprobing Technology of the Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Beijing School of Earth Sciences Jilin University Chuangchun Jilin 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(5):673-687
Based on detailed and systematic researches of the geology of ore deposits, fluid inclusions and isotope geochemistry etc., and regarding the Late Paleozoic fluid system of the Yuebei Basin as an integrated object in this paper, we have revealed the temporo-spatial evolution law of the basin's fluid system and discussed its ore-forming effects by simulating and analyzing the distribution of ore-forming elements, the fluid thermodynamics and dynamics of evolution processes of this basin. The results show that Late Paleozoic ore-forming fluid systems of the Yuebei Basin include four basic types as follows. (1) The sea floor volcanic-exhalation system developed during the rapid basin slip-extension stage in the Mid-Late Devonian, which affected the Dabaoshan region. It thus formed the Dabaoshan-type Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe sea floor volcanic-exhalation sedimentary deposits. (2) The compaction fluid system developed during the stable spreading and thermal subsidence-compression stage of the basin in the Mid-Late Devonian. The range of its effects extended all over the whole basin. It resulted in filling-metasomatic deposits, such as the Hongyan-type pyrite deposits and pyrite sheet within the Fankou-type Cu-Pb-Zn-S deposits. (3) The hot water circulation system of sea floor developed during the stage of basin uplifting and micro-aulacogen from the late Late Carboniferous to Middle Carboniferous. The range of its effects covered the Fankou region. It thus formed MVT deposits, such as the main orebody of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn-S deposits. (4) The gravity fluid system developed during the stage of fold uplifting and the basin closed from Middle Triassic to Jurassic, forming groundwater hydrothermal deposits, e.g. the veinlet Pb-Zn-calcite orebodies of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn- S deposits. Migration and concentration of the ore-forming fluids were constrained by the state of temporo-spatial distribution of its fluid potential. Growth faults not only converged the fluids and drove them to move upwards, but also the fluids often crossed the faults to the edges of the basin at the bottom of these faults and the lithologic interfaces, and even migrated to the basin's edges from top to bottom along the faults, which may be one of the basic reasons for the stratabound deposits to cluster mainly along the contemporaneous faults on the inner border of the basin. The superposed mineralization resulting from the multi-stage activity of contemporaneous faults and ore-forming fluid systems in the basin may be one of the key factors for forming superlarge ore deposits. 相似文献
60.
塔里木盆地西南缘可划分为喀喇昆仑、西昆仑、塔里木等三个地层区和康西瓦、库地等两个缝合带。自震旦纪以来,该区经历了震旦纪—泥盆纪和石炭纪—第四纪两大构造旋回。对应每一旋回,喀喇昆仑地层区和塔里木地层区发育有被动大陆边缘盆地和碰撞造山两种类型的岩石组合。西昆仑地层区发育了被动大陆边缘盆地、俯冲消减带和碰撞造山等三种类型的岩石组合。康西瓦缝合带是康西瓦洋经历了震旦纪—中泥盆世和早石炭世—晚侏罗世两次开合后的遗迹,它既是喀喇昆仑和西昆仑两个地层区的分界线,又是羌塘和塔里木两个板块的分界线;库地缝合带则是库地洋经历早石炭世—早二叠世一次开合的遗迹,分割了西昆仑和塔里木这两个地层区。 相似文献