江西城门山矿田块状硫化物型矿体矿化分带特征

通过城门山矿田矿床地质、矿体走向及倾向上的厚度及品位变化情况总结其矿化特征,根据成矿温度及地球化学成矿条件研究该矿体矿化富集规律的控制因素,并从矿化特征方面佐证讨论该类矿床的成因及外围找矿方向。研究表明,矿体矿化沿水平及垂向上均具有分带特征,大致表现为沿热液中心向外为Mo、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ag、Au元素的分带,从地表向下为TFe、Au、Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu元素的分带。除此之外,矿化还具有差异特征,表现为走向上矿体两端发育的不一致性、倾向上的局部豆荚状发育特征。本次工作厘定的分带性及差异性分别佐证了矿床的热液成因与沉积成因,并预测外围具有较好的多金属找矿前景,且东段好于西段。      

A possible anorthositic continent of early Mars and the role of planetary size for the inception of Earth-like life

The Moon has an anorthositic primordial continental crust. Recently anorthosite has also been discovered on the Martian surface. Although the occurrence of anorthosite is observed to be very limited in Earth's extant geological record,both lunar and Martian surface geology suggest that anorthosite may have comprised a primordial continent on the early Earth during the first 600 million years after its formation. We hypothesized that differences in the presence of an anorthositic continent on an Earthlike planet are due to planetary size. Earth likely lost its primordial anorthositic continent by tectonic erosion through subduction associated with a kind of proto-plate tectonics(PPT). In contrast, Mars and the Moon, as much smaller planetary bodies, did not lose much of their anorthositic continental crust because mantle convection had weakened and/or largely stopped, and with time, they had appropriately cooled down. Applying this same reasoning to a super-Earth exoplanet suggests that, while a primordial anorthositic continent may briefly form on its surface, such a continent will be likely transported into the deep mantle due to intense mantle convection immediately following its formation. The presence of a primordial continent on an Earth-like planet seems to be essential to whether the planet will be habitable to Earth-like life. The key role of the primordial continent is to provide the necessary and sufficient nutrients for the emergence and evolution of life. With the appearance of a "trinity" consisting of(1) an atmosphere,(2) an ocean, and(3) the primordial continental landmass, material circulation can be maintained to enable a "Habitable Trinity" environment that will permit the emergence of Earth-like life. Thus, with little likelihood of a persistent primordial continent, a super-Earth affords very little chance for Earth-like life to emerge.     

A PANORAMA OF LANDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY THE 8 AUGUST 2017 JIUZHAIGOU,SICHUAN MS7.0 EARTHQUAKE

The M_S7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake in Sichuan Province of 8 August 2017 triggered a large number of landslides. A comprehensive and objective panorama of these landslides is of great significance for understanding the mechanism, intensity, spatial pattern and law of these coseismic landslides, recovery and reconstruction of earthquake affected area, as well as prevention and mitigation of landslide hazard. In this paper, we use the trinity method of space, sky and earth to create a panorama of the landslides triggered by this event. There are 4 roads in the distribution area of the coseismic landslides. The Jinglinghai-Xiamo and Jiudaoguai-Jiuzhaitiantang road sections register the most serious coseismic landslides. The landslides are mainly of moderate-and small-scales, and also with a few large landslides and avalanches. A detailed visual interpretation of the coseismic landslides is performed in two areas of Wuhuahai(11.84km²) and Zharusi-Shangsizhai village(47.07km²), respectively. The results show the overall intensity of landsliding(1088 landslides, a total area 1.514km²) in the Wuhuahai area is much higher than those in the Zharusi-Shangsizhai village area(528 landslides, a total area 0.415km²). On the basis of a scene of post-earthquake Geoeye -1 satellite images, we delineate more than 4 800 coseismic landslides with a total occupation area 9.6km². The spatial pattern of these landslides is well related with the locations of the inferred seismogenic fault and aftershocks. Widely distributed earthquake-affected weakened slopes, residual loose materials staying at high-position slopes and in valleys have greater possibilities to fail again and generate new landslides or debris flows under the conditions of strong aftershocks or heavy rainfalls in the future. Geological hazard from these events will become one of the most serious problems in the recovery and reconstruction of the earthquake-affected area which should receive much attention.     

太阳系外行星大气与气候

1995年以来,已有800多颗太阳系外行星(简称系外行星)被确认.系外行星大气和气候的研究正方兴未艾.这篇文章的目的就是为了简要综述系外行星大气和气候的最新研究进展.为了把系外行星大气和气候与太阳系行星大气和气候相比较,我们将首先简要介绍太阳系行星大气的基本知识,就像通常把太阳系行星大气与地球大气相比较一样.然后,我们介绍系外行星观测的进展以及关于恒星的宜居带和系外行星的宜居性等基本概念.文章的重点将放在综述系外行星大气的物理、化学和动力学性质的研究进展,还将介绍系外行星可能的气候环境和系外生命存在的可能性.我们对这些进展的介绍将包括观测、模拟和理论等内容.     

安徽金寨沙坪沟整装勘查区铅锌矿“三位一体”成矿特征及找矿预测

沙坪沟整装勘查区位于安徽北淮阳成矿带内,是皖西地区最主要的钼铅锌多金属矿化集中区。研究区内已探明十余处铅锌矿,以小型矿为主,但缺乏较为系统的研究和总结。为了厘定区内铅锌矿与成矿地质体的关系以及成矿构造和成矿结构面的类型和属性,总结成矿作用特征标志,指导找矿预测,本文开展了区内典型矿床"三位一体"成矿特征的总结研究。研究结果揭示区内铅锌矿化类型分为角砾岩型、矽卡岩型、构造蚀变岩型和热液脉型4种,成矿地质体为燕山晚期中酸性岩浆岩,成矿构造为NE向和NW向断裂构造交会部位,成矿结构面主要为NE和NW断裂构造面、角砾岩筒、层间破碎带以及接触带等。在总结归纳铅锌矿成矿作用特征和找矿预测要素的基础上,建立起区内铅锌矿找矿预测地质模型,并对找矿潜力作出评价。     

江西石城松岭矿区锡矿地质特征及矿床成因初步探讨

松岭矿区处于南岭EW向构造带与武夷山NNE向断褶带的复合部位。区内有石英斑岩型、隐爆角砾岩型和石英细网脉型三类锡矿体;石英斑岩型锡矿体1条呈脉状,长1200m,平均厚度3.55m,平均品位0.422%;隐爆角砾岩型锡矿化体5条,呈透镜状或似层状,平均厚度2.3m,平均品位0.282%;石英细网脉型锡矿体12条,平均厚度1.2m,平均品位0.310%。本文重点阐述了矿床的地质特征,分析了成矿条件和成矿机理,建立了三位一体成矿模式,探讨了成因。对矿区进一步找矿及外围找矿等有一定启发意义。     

Stability of inclined orbits of terrestrial planets in habitable zones

In long-term stability studies of terrestrial planets moving in the habitable zone (HZ) of a sun-like star, we distinguish four different configurations: (i) planets moving in binary star systems, (ii) the inner type (where the gas giant moves outside the HZ), (iii) the outer type (where the gas giant is closer to the star, than the HZ) and (iv) the Trojan type (where the gas giant moves in the HZ). Since earlier calculations indicated, that the stability of the motion in the HZ also depends on the inclination of the terrestrial planet orbits, we present a detailed numerical investigation to show correlations between the eccentricity, the mass and the distance of the giant planet for various inclinations of the terrestrial planets. The orbital stability of the HZ was examined for all four configurations stated above. While we could find hardly any stable orbits for the first three types for inclinations higher than 40^°, the Trojan planets can be stable up to an inclination of 60^°. Additionally, we could also find some stabilizing effects of the inclination for the first three types. As dynamical model we used the elliptic restricted three-body problem, which consists of two massive and one mass-less body. This allows an application to all detected and future extrasolar single planet systems.     

Darwin—an experimental astronomy mission to search for extrasolar planets

As a response to ESA call for mission concepts for its Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 plan, we propose a mission called Darwin. Its primary goal is the study of terrestrial extrasolar planets and the search for life on them. In this paper, we describe different characteristics of the instrument.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112001272

Our blue planet Earth has long been regarded to carry full of nutrients for hosting life since the birth of the planet.Here we speculate the processes that led to the birth of early life on Earth and its aftermath, finally leading to the evolution of metazoans.We evaluate:（1） the source of nutrients,（2） the chemistry of primordial ocean,（3） the initial mass of ocean,and（4） the size of planet.Among the life-building nutrients,phosphorus and potassium play a key role.Only three types of rocks can serve as an adequate source of nutrients:（a） continent-forming TTG（granite）,enabling the evolution of primitive life to metazoans;（b） primordial continents carrying anorthosite with KREEP（Potassium,Rare Earth Elements, and Phosphorus） basalts,which is a key to bear life;（c） carbonatite magma,enriched in radiogenic elements such as U and Th,which can cause mutation to speed up evolution and promote the birth of new species in continental rift settings.The second important factor is ocean chemistry.The primordial ocean was extremely acidic（pH = 1-2） and enriched in halogens（CI,F and others）,S,N and metallic elements（Cd,Cu,Zn,and others）,inhibiting the birth of life.Plate tectonics cleaned up these elements which interfered with RNA.Blue ocean finally appeared in the Phanerozoic with pH = 7 through extensive interaction with surface continental crust by weathering,erosion and transportation into ocean.The initial ocean mass was also important.The birth of life and aftermath of evolution was possible in the habitable zone with 3-5 km deep ocean which was able to supply sufficient nutrients. Without a huge landmass,nutrients cannot be supplied into the ocean only by ridge-hydrothermal circulation in the Hadean.Finally,the size of the planet plays a crucial role.Cooling of massive planets is less efficient than smaller ones,so that return-flow of seawater into mantle does not occur until central stars finish their main sequence.Due to the suitable size of Earth,the dawn of Phanerozoic witnessed the initiation of return-flow of seawater into the mantle,leading to the emergence of huge landmass above sea-level,and the distribution of nutrients on a global scale.Oxygen pump also played a critical role to keep high-PO₂ in atmosphere since then,leading to the emergence of ozone layer and enabling animals and plants to invade the land. To satisfy the tight conditions to make the Earth habitable,the formation mechanism of primordial Earth is an important factor.At first,a ’dry Earth’ must be made through giant impact,followed by magma ocean to float nutrient-enriched primordial continents（anorthosite + KREEP）.Late bombardment from asteroid belt supplied water to make 3-5 km thick ocean,and not from icy meteorites from Kuiper belt beyond cool Jupiter.It was essential to meet the above conditions that enabled the Earth as a habitable planet with evolved life forms.The tight constraints that we evaluate for birth and evolution of life on Earth would provide important guidelines for planetary scientists hunting for life in the exosolar planets.