东昆仑地区中生代熔融、同化、存储和均一(MASH)过程及壳幔岩浆混合

哈西亚图石英闪长岩是东昆仑地区中生代具幔源组分贡献的花岗岩类典型代表,岩体出露于东昆仑中构造带,广泛发育暗色微粒包体。包体为闪长质岩石,并含有一系列岩浆混合成因的证据,如水滴状、长条状塑性流变外形,淬冷边、反向脉等高—中温混合迹象,以及低Mg/(Fe+Mg)、Na/(Ca+Na)值等混合成因特征。包体A/CNK值介于0.77~0.87,属准铝质,富Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO,贫K2O、Na2O,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K等),同时又具有Ta、Nb、Ti的"TNT"负异常,具有俯冲带幔源岩石的成分特点。依据岩石学、地球化学特征并结合同时期大地构造背景,东昆仑晚古生代—早中生代含暗色微粒包体花岗质岩石是幔源岩浆经历多次熔融、同化、存储和均一(MASH)过程后与壳源岩浆混合的产物。在混合岩浆中,富镁铁质端元是由辉长质岩浆进化而来的闪长质岩浆。     

High-pressure granulite from Western Kunlun,northwestern China: Its metamorphic evolution,zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages and tectonic implication

High-pressure mafic granulites occurring as lenticular bodies within garnet-amphibolites in Kangxiwar Fault have been first reported in this paper. The P-T conditions of two metamorphic stages were ob-tained using calibrated geothermal barometers and ThermoCalc Program. The peak metamorphic con-dition of these high-pressure granulites is about 760―820℃,1.0―1.2 GPa and the retrograde meta-morphic condition is about 620―720℃,0.7―0.8 GPa. The petrological studies show that they have a near-isobaric cooling P-T...     

阿尔泰造山带富蕴基性麻粒岩折返过程:来自裂变径迹热年代学的限定

论文在阿尔泰造山带富蕴县乌恰沟基性麻粒岩的锆石SHRIMP年代学、地球化学、变质温压条件和形成的大地构造背景研究基础上,利用麻粒岩、围岩片麻岩和侵入到麻粒岩的辉绿岩岩墙的裂变径迹热年代学探讨了麻粒岩从深部折返至地表的过程。裂变径迹年代学研究发现基性麻粒岩的锆石裂变径迹年龄为三叠纪,而麻粒岩、围岩片麻岩和侵入到麻粒岩的辉绿岩岩墙的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄均显示为晚白垩世至新生代早期。对磷灰石裂变径迹测试所得到的径迹长度和单颗粒年龄数据进行热史模拟表明,三叠纪时,基性麻粒岩抬升至约地表以下7.8km的上地壳,温度冷却至锆石裂变径迹的封闭温度;晚白垩世至新生代早期(约100～50Ma),麻粒岩、围岩片麻岩和辉绿岩抬升至约地表以下3.5km,温度冷却至磷灰石裂变径迹的封闭温度;约50～15Ma,三者滞留在约地表以下1.7km的磷灰石部分退火带;约15Ma以来,喜马拉雅运动使得它们被抬升剥蚀至地表。     

贺兰山高压泥质麻粒岩——华北克拉通西部陆块拼合的岩石学证据

贺兰山孔兹岩系作为华北克拉通西部孔兹岩带的重要组成部分,其成因问题一直存在争议。近来,在对贺兰山富铝岩系研究过程中,发现了具有"蓝晶石+条纹长石+石榴石"特征组合的高压泥质麻粒岩。通过岩相观测与相平衡定量模拟,确定其曾经历四个阶段的变质演化过程,即早期进变质阶段(M1)、变质峰期阶段(M2)、峰期后降压阶段(M3)和晚期退变阶段(M4)。早期进变质阶段,以石榴石中包裹黑云母和白云母为特征。变质峰期阶段,以出现"蓝晶石+条纹长石+石榴石"组合为特征,变质温、压条件为850～870℃、1.4～1.5GPa。峰期后降压阶段以峰期石榴石和蓝晶石转变为堇青石和夕线石为特征,温压条件大致为840～860℃、0.6～0.8GPa。晚期退变阶段以出现新生黑云母为标志,温、压条件为780～810℃、0.45～0.55GPa。PT轨迹具有顺时针演化样式,峰期后表现为先发生近等温降压(ITD)、后发生近等压冷却(IBC)的退变过程,反映陆-陆碰撞发生高压麻粒岩相变质作用,后又快速折返到正常地壳深度的变质动力学过程,进而从岩石学角度证明华北克拉通西部孔兹岩带是由北部的阴山陆块与南部的鄂尔多斯陆块发生碰撞所致。     

华北克拉通中生代以来基性岩墙群的分布及研究意义

围绕岩石圈破坏和减薄这个主题,华北克拉通成为近10年来国内外研究的热点地区。华北克拉通中生代以来基性岩墙群分布广泛,然而对此仍缺乏系统的研究。通过对基性岩墙群的系统总结,在详尽的资料收集和已有研究的基础上,重点对华北克拉通中生代基性岩墙群的研究现状、分布和意义进行了汇总和讨论。随后,结合近年来的研究经验,提出了基性岩墙群定年中应注意的问题。     

新疆西准噶尔达尔布特蛇绿岩套柳树沟镁铁质杂岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

对新疆西准噶尔达尔布特蛇绿岩套柳树沟镁铁质杂岩中橄榄辉长岩、蛇纹石化橄榄辉长岩、辉长岩和蚀变辉长岩地球化学分析表明:辉长岩和蚀变辉长岩具有钙碱性和拉斑玄武岩的双重特征,橄榄辉长岩和蛇纹石化橄榄辉长岩属镁铁质堆积岩,为蛇绿岩组成单元;稀土总量较高,具微弱正Eu异常,稀土元素配分模式为略左倾平坦型,与SSZ型镁铁质堆晶岩稀土配分模式相同;微量元素蛛网图上,富集大离子亲石元素Cs、K、Th、U,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,可能代表俯冲板片的流体交代上覆地幔楔使地幔岩石发生部分熔融。地球化学构造环境判别柳树沟镁铁质岩石岩浆源区为亏损型地幔向富集型地幔过渡的适度富集型地幔,其形成的最佳模型是在成熟岛弧基础上裂谷化形成的一个不成熟的类似边缘海性质弧后盆地,不具成熟大洋或盆地那样的洋壳-上地幔结构,在盆地扩张初期岩浆具岛弧特征,随着盆地被进一步打开,镁铁质岩石具N-MORB特征。对辉长岩采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测试,获得特柳树沟镁铁质岩石的结晶时间为314.9±1.7 Ma。     

Petrology,geochemistry and geochronology of the magmatic suite from the Jianzha Complex,central China: Petrogenesis and geodynamic implications

The intermediate–mafic–ultramafic rocks in the Jianzha Complex (JZC) at the northern margin of the West Qinling Orogenic Belt have been interpreted to be a part of an ophiolite suite. In this study, we present new geochronological, petrological, geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data and provide a different interpretation. The JZC is composed of dunite, wehrlite, olivine clinopyroxenite, olivine gabbro, gabbro, and pyroxene diorite. The suite shows characteristics of Alaskan-type complexes, including (1) the low CaO concentrations in olivine; (2) evidence of crystal accumulation; (3) high calcic composition of clinopyroxene; and (4) negative correlation between FeO^tot and Cr₂O₃ of spinels. Hornblende and phlogopite are ubiquitous in the wehrlites, but minor orthopyroxene is also present. Hornblende and biotite are abundant late crystallized phases in the gabbros and diorites. The two pyroxene-bearing diorite samples from JZC yield zircon U–Pb ages of 245.7 ± 1.3 Ma and 241.8 ± 1.3 Ma. The mafic and ultramafic rocks display slightly enriched LREE patterns. The wehrlites display moderate to weak negative Eu anomalies (0.74–0.94), whereas the olivine gabbros and gabbros have pronounced positive Eu anomalies. Diorites show slight LREE enrichment, with (La/Yb)_N ratios ranging from 4.42 to 7.79, and moderate to weak negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu¹ = 0.64–0.86). The mafic and ultramafic rocks from this suite are characterized by negative Nb–Ta–Zr anomalies as well as positive Pb anomalies. Diorites show pronounced negative Ba, Nb–Ta and Ti spikes, and typical Th–U, K and Pb peaks. Combined with petrographic observations and chemical variations, we suggest that the magmatism was dominantly controlled by fractional crystallization and crystal accumulation, with limited crustal contamination. The arc-affinity signature and weekly negative to moderately positive ε_Nd(t) values (−2.3 to 1.2) suggest that these rocks may have been generated by partial melting of the juvenile sub-continental lithospheric mantle that was metasomatized previously by slab-derived fluids. The lithologies in the JZC are related in space and time and originated from a common parental magma. Geochemical modeling suggests that their primitive parental magma had a basaltic composition. The ultramafic rocks were generated through olivine accumulation, and variable degrees of fractional crystallization with minor crustal contamination produced the diorites. The data presented here suggest that the subduction in West Qinling did not cease before the early stage of the Middle Triassic (∼242 Ma), a back-arc developed in the northern part of West Qinling during this period, and the JZC formed within the incipient back-arc.     

青海格尔木哈希牙地区中基性岩墙群地球化学特征与LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

位于东昆仑造山带上的东昆北哈希牙地区发育中基性岩墙群。其岩性主要为辉绿岩、闪斜煌斑岩和闪长玢岩,地球化学数据显示其具有高钾钙碱性玄武岩系列特征。轻、重稀土元素存在较高程度分馏,LREE/HREE值为4.72~8.66,平均值为6.57。δEu值介于0.81~0.98之间,平均值为0.91,显示出微弱的负Eu异常,表明斜长石的分离结晶作用不明显,富集Rb、Ba、Pb、K等大离子亲石元素,贫高场强元素Ta、Nb、Zr、Hf等地球化学特征,主体显示板内玄武岩特征,但有来自俯冲带的部分信息。采用LA-ICP-MS技术对锆石进行了U-Th-Pb同位素测定,结果显示锆石年龄较为分散,其中8颗岩浆锆石给出的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为411.5±7.5Ma,代表了格尔木哈希牙地区辉绿岩墙的结晶年龄,反映东昆北地块于晚志留世—早泥盆世已由地体碰撞的挤压状态转为碰撞后伸展状态,标志着该地区加里东期构造旋回的结束。     

Emplacement of the La Peña alkaline igneous complex,Mendoza, Argentina (33° S): Implications for the early Miocene tectonic regime in the retroarc of the Andes

The La Peña alkaline complex (LPC) of Miocene age (18–19 Ma) lies on the eastern front of the Precordillera (32°41ʹ34ʺS, 68°59ʹ48″W, 1400–2900 m a.s.l.), 30 km northwest of Mendoza city, Argentina. It is a subcircular massif of 19 km² and 5 km in diameter, intruded in the metasedimentary sequence of the Villavicencio Formation of Silurian-Devonian age. It is the result of integration of multiple pulses derived from one or more deep magma chambers, which form a suite of silicate rocks grouped into: a clinopyroxenite body, a central syenite facies with a large breccia zone at the contact with the clinopyroxenite, bodies of malignite, trachyte and syenite porphyry necks, and a system of radial and annular dikes of different compositions. Its subcircular geometry and dike system distribution are frequent features of intraplate plutons or plutons emplaced in post-orogenic settings. These morphostructural features characterize numerous alkaline complexes worldwide and denote the importance of magmatic pressures that cause doming with radial and annular fracturing, in a brittle country rock. However, in the LPC, the attitude of the internal fabric of plutonic and subvolcanic units and the preferential layout of dikes match the NW–SE extensional fractures widely distributed in the host rock. This feature indicates a strong tectonic control linked to the structure that facilitate space for emplacement, corresponding to the brittle shear zone parallel to the N–S stratigraphy of the country rock. Shearing produced a system of discontinuities, with a K fractal fracture pattern, given by the combination of Riedel (R), anti-Riedel (R′), (P) and extensional (T) fracture systems, responsible for the control of melt migration by the opening of various fracture branches, but particularly through the NW–SE (T) fractures. Five different pulses would have ascent, (1) an initial one from which cumulate clinopyroxenite was formed, (2) a phase of mafic composition represented by dikes cross-cutting the clinopyroxenite, (3) a malignite facies that causes a small breccia in the clinopyroxenite, (4) a central syenite facies that develops breccias at the contact with the clinopyroxenite and, finally, (5) porphyry necks and a system of radial dikes intruding all units. At the moment of the emplacement different mechanisms would have acted, they summarized in: 1) opening of discontinuities synchronous to the magma circulation as the principal mechanism for formation of dikes and conduits; 2) stoping processes, that play an important role in the development of the breccia zone and enabling an efficient transference of material during the emplacement of the syenitic magma and 3) shear-related deformation (regional stress), affected the internal fabric of the facies, causing intracrystalline deformation and submagmatic flow, which is very evident in the central syenite intrusive. The kinematic analysis of shear planes allows proposing that emplacement of the LPC took place in a transtensive regime, which would have occurred in the back-arc of the Andes orogen, during a long period spanning from Miocene to the present, of the compressive deformation responsible, westward and at the same latitude, for the development of the Aconcagua fold and thrust belt.     

东南极拉斯曼丘陵镁铁质麻粒岩的变质作用演化

拉斯曼丘陵（Larsemann Hills）位于东南极普里兹构造带的中部,研究该区麻粒岩的变质作用演化对于理解普里兹带的构造属性至关重要。通过对该区含石榴石镁铁质麻粒岩转石详细的岩相学观察表明,峰期前进变质阶段矿物组合（M1）由角闪石+斜方辉石+单斜辉石+斜长石+黑云母+钛铁矿±石英±磁铁矿组成,其峰期矿物组合（M2）为石榴石+斜方辉石+单斜辉石+角闪石+钛铁矿±磁铁矿±石英,而代表后期与降压有关的叠加变质组合（M3）为斜方辉石+斜长石+单斜辉石+黑云母+钛铁矿±磁铁矿。矿物化学分析,结果显示其中石榴子石和斜方辉石具有弱的成分环带特征。利用THERMOCALC软件在NCFMASHTO体系下对该麻粒岩进行了详细的热力学模拟,结合传统温压计和平均温压计算结果,得出不同阶段温压条件分别为650~750℃/5.5~6.5kb （M1）,850~950℃/8~8.5kb （M2）,800~900℃/5.5~7.5kb （M3）。其变质作用演化为典型的峰期后近等温减压的（ITD）顺时针P-T轨迹。通过区域上镁铁质麻粒岩的对比分析,我们认为该镁铁质麻粒岩可能来源拉斯曼丘陵基岩露头。结合已有的年代学资料,表明该镁铁质麻粒岩的峰期变质事件可能对应于晚元古代格林威尔期构造事件,而后期退变质作用与早古生代的泛非期构造事件有关,意味着泛非期普里兹带可能是陆内造山带。