长江破碎带的研究过程及最新认识

本文依据南京市及其附近区域(活动断层探测目标区范围)所开展的浅层人工地震探测、槽探、钻探,以及第四纪地层划分、新年代学测试数据等多学科资料,综合评价了长江破碎带的最新活动年代、活动性质、断层相关参数及其与地震活动关系方面的最新认识。     

HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTIVE SANWEISHAN FAULT AND ITS MECHANISM: CONSTRAINTS ON THE GROWTH OF THE NORTHERN QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU

The northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is currently the leading edge of uplift and expansion of the plateau. Over the years, a lot of research has been carried out on the deformation and evolution of the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and many ideas have been put forward, but there are also many disputes. The Altyn Tagh Fault constitutes the northern boundary of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and there are two active faults on the north side of the Altyn Tagh Fault, named Sanweishan Fault with NEE strike and Nanjieshan Fault with EW strike. Especially, studies on the geometric and kinematic parameters of Sanweishan Fault since the Late Quaternary, which is nearly parallel with the Altyn Tagn Fault, are of great significance for understanding the deformation transfer and distribution in the northwestward extension of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, interpretation of the fault landforms and statistical analysis of the horizontal displacement on the Sanweishan Fault and its newly discovered western extension are carried out in this paper. We believe that the Sanweishan Fault is an important branch of the eastern section of the Altyn Tagh fault zone. It is located at the front edge of the northwestern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is a left-lateral strike-slip and thrust active fault. Based on the interpretation of satellite imagery and microgeomorphology field investigation of Sanweishan main fault and its western segments, it's been found that the Sanweishan main fault constitutes the contact boundary between the Sanweishan Mountain and the alluvial fans. In the bedrock interior and on the north side of the Mogao Grottoes, there are also some branch faults distributed nearly parallel to the main fault. The main fault is about 150km long, striking 65°, mainly dipping SE with dip angles from 50° to 70°. The main fault can be divided into three segments in the spatial geometric distribution:the western segment(Xizhuigou-Dongshuigou, I), which is about 35km long, the middle segment(Dongshuigou-Shigongkouzi, Ⅱ), about 65km long, and the east segment(Shigongkouzi-Shuangta, Ⅲ), about 50km long. The above three segments are arranged in the left or right stepovers. In the west of Mingshashan, it's been found that the fault scarps are distributed near Danghe Reservoir and Yangguan Town in the west of Minshashan Mountain, and we thought those scarps are the westward extension of the main Sanweishan Fault. Along the main fault and its western extension, the different levels of water system(including gullies and rills)and ridges have been offset synchronously, forming a series of fault micro-geomorphology. The scale of the offset water system is proportional to the horizontal displacement. The frequency statistical analysis of the horizontal displacement shows that the displacement has obvious grouping characteristics, which are divided into 6 groups, and the corresponding peaks are 3.4m, 6.7m, 11.4m, 15m, 22m and 26m, respectively. Among them, 3.4m represents the coseismic displacement of the latest ancient earthquake event, and the larger displacement peak represents the accumulation of coseismic displacements of multi-paleoearthquake events. This kind of displacement characterized by approximately equal interval increase indicates that the Sanweishan Fault has experienced multiple characteristic earthquakes since the Late Quaternary and has the possibility of occurrence of earthquakes greater than magnitude 7. The distribution of displacement and structural transformation of the end of the fault indicate that Sanweishan Fault is an "Altyn Tagh Fault"in its infancy. The activities of Sanweishan Fault and its accompanying mountain uplift are the result of the transpression of the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, representing one of the growth patterns of the northern margin of the plateau.     

东北地区的新构造运动特征分析及新构造运动分区

东北地区包括辽宁，吉林省，黑龙江三省，由于横跨华北和东北两个不同的断块区，东北地区的新构造运动具有显著的区域分异特点，晚第三纪以来，东北地区的构造运动继承了早期构造运动的特点，以断块差异升降运动为主要运动形式。     

藏南普莫雍错流域水体离子组成与空间分布及其环境意义

对藏南普莫雍错湖水及其周围人湖河流水体进行了离子化学成分分析,对部分湖泊和河流水样作氧同位紊分析.结果显示,不同入湖河流离子组成与湖水本身离子组成有较大差异.湖水的主要离子组合是Mg2 -Ca2 -HCO3-SO42-,而主要补给河流加曲为Ca2 -Mg2 -HCO3-.加曲人湖河口2m水深以内水化学性质差异大,湖泊其他地区差异小.加曲对河口三角洲之上湖水影响显著.其他河流对河口处湖水影响较小.Gibbs图显示湖水离子的组成主要与流域内的岩石风化有关.离子比例和三角图分析说明控制入湖河水离子主要过程是碳酸盐、黄铁矿和硅酸盐风化.湖泊与河流水体离子的组成差异较大,原因可能是蒸发浓缩导致的CaCO3的沉淀.其结果有助于正确理解湖泊沉积碳酸盐的环境指示意义.     

2000年1月15日姚安6.5级地震的震源断层与震源应力场

用姚安地震序列前震、主震和余震的 78个震源机制解 ,分析了序列震源断层和震源应力场特征。结果表明 ,姚安地震序列的主破裂面是走向N5 0°W、倾角陡立的构造断裂 ,主震、前震和绝大多数余震都发生在主破裂面上。此外 ,NNE NE向构造断裂在序列发展过程中也参与了活动。序列震源应力场以SSE方位、接近水平的主压应力为主 ,与区域构造应力场一致。在序列发展中 ,震源区应力场出现多方位和多作用方式共存的复杂状态 ,震源破裂出现多方向和多表现形式的复杂性特征     

沂沭断裂带安丘-莒县断裂安丘-朱里段几何结构与活动特征

安丘-莒县断裂是沂沭断裂带最主要的活动断裂,对强震的发生具有明显的控制作用。该断裂的安丘—朱里段由南流段、双官—眉村段和朱里段3条右阶斜列的次级断裂所组成,以右旋走滑活动为主,兼有正断或逆冲活动分量;其最新活动时代推断为晚更新世—全新世早期。根据断裂活动性的最新研究成果,认为在莒县至昌邑之间安丘-莒县断裂仍是占主导地位的活动断裂,与公元前70年安丘7级地震的发生具有密切关系     

祁连造山带特征及其构造演化

祁连造山带的范围及构造单元经重新厘定和划分，其南界扩展至昆中断裂；解体了走廊过渡带；扩大了中祁连，相应缩小了南祁连范围；新划出乌兰大坂—拉脊山和柴达木周缘南北链状断陷带；确定北祁连属于柴达木—中祁连地块与阿拉善地块间的陆间裂谷。并运用断块学说对其多旋回构造演化作了分析，本区始生代—古生代属于塔里木—中朝地块南部大陆边缘断陷—焊接造山作用体制。中新生代，在古亚洲构造域、特提斯—喜马拉雅构造域和滨太平洋构造域“品”字型动力体系作用下（尤以前二者为主），转化为陆内浅层断（拗）陷—逆掩叠覆造山作用体制。应力作用方式从早到晚由顺时针直扭向旋扭转化。二者既有继承又有新生。挽近时期，在印度地块挤压动力体制下卷入青藏高原陆内汇聚作用，产生大幅度断块隆升、盆地沉陷，造就了现今高原盆岭景观     

西秦岭北缘断裂带黄香沟段晚第四纪 活动表现与滑动速率*

文章对西秦岭北缘断裂带黄香沟段的沉积建造、构造地貌等开展了野外调查与研究。冲沟位错、断裂剖面、山脊位错、线性槽地、洪积扇变形与断塞塘等详细的构造地貌分析,显示断裂带在黄香沟段晚第四纪具有较强的活动性,以左旋走滑兼有倾滑分量为特征。根据其中两条晚更新世末期以来的冲沟左旋水平位错平均值30.5±3.0m,及其¹⁴ C限定的冲沟发生位错的年龄为13480±240aB.P.,获得断裂晚第四纪的水平滑动速率为2.3±0.2mm/a。 同时,由断裂位错洪积扇形成的1.05±0.30m垂直位移量,与该期洪积扇形成的¹⁴ C年龄3690±100aB.P. ,估算了断裂晚第四纪的垂直滑动速率为0.28±0.08mm/a。     

郯庐断裂带对鲁西隆升过程的影响:磷灰石裂变径迹证据

郯庐断裂带(TLFZ)是一条贯穿华北的NNE向巨型断裂带。新生代以来,在郯庐断裂带的两侧及其内部发生了显著的伸展构造变形,形成了泰安-莱芜-蒙阴NW向断陷盆地群,并使鲁西块体发生了急剧的陆内伸展隆升。本文在前人研究的基础上,分别在鲁西沂山、徂徕山和蒙山三处进行了大量的样品采集,总计完成了25个样品的测试,获得了一系列新的磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)年代学结果。结合前人已发表的裂变径迹结果,对鲁西地区新生代与伸展变形有关的剥露-隆升作用的时空分布特征、隆升剥露模式及隆升幅度进行分析,并揭示郯庐断裂带在鲁西新生代热隆升过程中的影响。主要认识有:1)新生代以来,鲁西主要经历了始新世-早渐新世和新近纪以来两期快速剥露-隆升阶段。2)始新世-早渐新世主要表现为幕式差异性快速剥露-隆升,鲁西南受NW向断层控制形成向北、向东的掀斜抬升作用,鲁西北受NE向断裂控制,形成向北、向西的掀斜抬升作用。新近纪以来,进入相对低速区域性剥露-隆升阶段。3)AFT模拟显示,与始新世-早渐新世的幕式快速剥露-隆升相比,中新世以来,鲁西剥露-隆升速率相对减小,但剥蚀量剥露-抬升量较大。故鲁西整体抬升于中新世以来。4)结合前人研究成果,新生代以来,鲁西宏观上受郯庐断裂带伸展活动影响,越靠近郯庐断裂带剥蚀量越大,局部受NW或NE向断裂控制。     

藏北羌塘中部冈玛日——桃形错蓝片岩的发现

位于藏北羌塘中部的冈玛日-桃形错地区首次发现含典型蓝闪石的蓝片岩。蓝片岩是由蓝闪石、铁蓝闪石、青铝闪石、多硅白云母、阳起石、黝帘石、绿帘石、方解石、榍石、金红石等矿物组成,变质温压条件为400℃±和7kbar±,属于高压变质作用。这是一条高压变质带,推测它可能向东与滇西的澜沧江高压变质带相连。冈玛日-桃形错地区含典型蓝闪石的蓝片岩的发现对羌塘陆块的重新认识以及冈瓦纳大陆与劳亚大陆的板块边界及晚古生代古特提斯洋的闭合,具有重要的大地构造意义。