青海省宗马海湖地区始新—中新统干柴沟组沉积相探析

宗马海湖地区位于柴达木盆地的北缘,有着良好的油气、钾盐勘探前景。该文在分析柴达木盆地北缘宗马海湖地区区域地质背景的基础上,对始新-中新统干柴沟组的岩石学特征、地层特征、沉积构造特征及沉积相等进行了较为深入的研究。干柴沟组沉积相以滨湖亚相、浅湖亚相及扇三角洲相为主,滨-浅亚湖沉积发育最为广泛。扇三角洲相具牵引流、重力流沉积特征,中、粗粒碎屑岩为主;滨湖亚相具较高流态的水动力条件,以砂和粉砂为主,砂泥间互层频繁;浅湖亚相以泥质沉积为主,显示低能的浅水静态沉积作用。文中总结了研究区干柴沟组沉积期沉积相演化特征,建立了干柴沟沉积相平面展布图;干柴沟组沉积相的形成与季节性变化息息相关,湖水上涨、后退导致北部山区扇三角洲较发育,而南部区域始终位于滨、浅湖环境中。     

两种应变仪的面应变观测资料的比对研究

对徐州地震台的YRY-4型分量式和TJ-2型体积式钻孔应变仪,2008—2010年的面应变原始观测曲线、年变曲线、降雨干扰曲线、气压影响曲线和固体潮汐观测结果进行了比对研究,并计算了各自的相关系数和影响系数,总结了二者的共性和差异。     

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Fault type analysis along the San Andreas Fault zone: A numerical approach

Finite Element (FE) modeling under plane stress condition is used to analyze the fault type variation with depth along and around the San Andreas Fault (SAF) zone. In this simulation elastic rheology was used and was thought justifiable as the variation in depth from 0.5 km to 20 km was considered. Series of calculations were performed with the variation in domain properties. Three types of models were created based on simple geological map of California, namely, 1) single domain model considering whole California as one homogeneous domain, 2) three domains model including the North American plate, Pacific plate, and SAF zone as separate domains, and 3) Four domains model including the three above plus the Garlock Fault zone. Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and Byerlee's law were used for the calculation of failure state. All the models were driven by displacement boundary condition imposing the fixed North American plate and Pacific plate motion along N34°W vector up to the northern terminus of SAF and N50°E vector motion for the subducting the Gorda and Juan de Fuca plates. Our simulated results revealed that as the depth increased, the fault types were generally normal, and at shallow depth greater strike slip and some thrust faults were formed. It is concluded that SAF may be terminated as normal fault at depth although the surface expression is clearly strike slip.     

沪蓉西马水河大桥岸坡稳定性评价

马水河大桥是沪蓉国道主干线关键性工程,大桥桥头边坡地质条件复杂,构造发育,边坡整体稳定性对大桥施工和安全运行影响很大,但其整体稳定性非常难以判断。如何在计算中反映马水河大桥岸坡的地质结构、岩体结构特征及岩体结构面网络以及变形破坏模式,是决定岸坡稳定性分析结果客观性的重要因素。基于岸坡地质条件、地质结构和岩体结构面网络模拟的有限差分数值分析方法和数值分析模型,分别模拟了边坡在天然状态下、桥荷载作用下及水位升高50 m情况下的应力状态和变形大小。研究结果表明,在桥荷载作用下,斜坡应力场局部影响较大,深度达50 m,因此建议桩基设计时应加大桩基断面尺寸以改善桩体承载力。     

基于现场实测的缓倾硬性结构面连通率统计

通过对缓倾角硬性结构面数据的分析、判别,现场实测结构面几何特征的各基本要素,如结构面坐标、结构面产状、结构面间距、结构面的连续性、结构面迹长等,运用三维空间投影图解,最终求解结构面连通率,取代以往现场用线连通率经验判断的传统模式。本方法已应用于水电工程施工过程,效果良好。     

In‐plane and out‐of‐plane behavior of confined masonry walls for various toothing and openings details and prediction of their strength and stiffness

Eight half‐scale brick masonry walls were tested to study two important aspects of confined masonry (CM) walls related to its seismic behavior under in‐plane and out‐of‐plane loads. Four solid wall specimens tested to investigate the role of type of interface between the masonry and tie‐columns, such as toothing varying from none to every course. The other four specimens with openings were tested to study the effectiveness of various strengthening options around opening to mitigate their negative influence. In the set of four walls, one wall was infilled frame while the other three were CM walls of different configurations. The experimental results were further used to determine the accuracy of various existing models in predicting the in‐plane response quantities of CM walls. Confined masonry walls maintained structural integrity even when severely damaged and performed much better than infill frames. No significant effect of toothing details was noticed although toothing at every brick course was preferred for better post‐peak response. For perforated walls, provision of vertical elements along with continuous horizontal bands around openings was more effective in improving the overall response. Several empirical and semi‐empirical equations are available to estimate the lateral strength and stiffness of CM walls, but those including the contribution of longitudinal reinforcement in tie‐columns provided better predictions. The available equations along with reduction factors proposed for infills could not provide good estimates of strength and stiffness for perforated CM walls. However, recently proposed relations correlating strength/stiffness with the degree of confinement provided reasonable predictions for all wall specimens. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于能量耗散的球孔扩张理论解答

以空间准滑动面（SMP）准则为基础,推导了扩底桩扩孔压力的理论解。从能量耗散的角度分析球孔扩张的全过程,利用应力不变量推导了符合球孔扩张的屈服准则;化简微分方程得到了弹塑性区应力表达式,进而求出位移、应变表达式;分别利用体积守恒和能量守恒性推导出扩孔压力的表达式。该法考虑了塑性区弹性变形,并得到了扩孔压力p、塑性区半径R与扩孔半径a的关系。算例分析表明,该方法计算的扩孔压力与现场试验得出的结果较好地吻合,塑性区半径和扩孔压力均随扩孔半径的增加而增大,但增幅逐渐减小而趋于稳定值,剪胀角对塑性区半径和扩孔压力影响显著,随着剪胀角的增加,塑性区半径和扩孔压力明显增加。     

基于结构化场景的单幅图像建筑物三维重建

针对无法利用激光扫描或多张图像实现三维重建的已损或不复存在的建筑,本文提出了一种基于结构化场景的单张图像建筑物三维重建方法。该方法先基于RANSAC算法及最小距离法分别解算灭点直线和灭点;然后基于平行平面、包含平行信息的任意平面和包含垂直信息的任意平面的平面模型解算三维坐标。本文以现存某高校图书馆为例,重建了三维模型,并分析了模型精度。结果表明,重建误差最小为0,最大为5.8%,模型整体精度在1.9%左右,符合三维重建精度要求。在四川省白鹿领报修院教堂的三维重建应用中,建立了已损建筑物的三维模型,获得了较好的重建效果。该方法适用于包含平行、垂直、灭点和平面结构的建筑物场景,可得到建筑物三维几何线框模型,几何细节采用纹理映射替代,可应用于现存建筑和文化遗存遗址的三维重建。     

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