A local model for analysis of pump and treat systems with vertical barrier walls

We present a mathematical model of local, steady groundwater flow near a vertical barrier wall. Flow features represented in the model include an impermeable arc-shaped barrier wall and multiple wells; distant boundary conditions are not included explicitly, but their effects on the local flow field are modelled by specifying a uniform flow at infinity and a constant areal recharge within a local domain. We develop an explicit closed-form solution to the boundary-value problem using the analytic element method. The solution is an extension of a harmonic solution presented by Anderson and Mesa [Anderson EI, Mesa E. The effects of vertical barrier walls on the hydraulic control of contaminated groundwater. Adv Water Resourc 2006;29(1):89–98] which does not include the effects of recharge. We demonstrate that the general solution with recharge consists of the harmonic solution superposed on a special case of the harmonic solution along with two elementary one-dimensional flow solutions. The results are used to investigate the effects of areal recharge on the capture zone envelopes of the pumping wells and on the reduction in discharge that can be achieved by including a barrier wall in a pump and treat design. We find that the benefits of including an open barrier wall in a design, measured as a reduction in the pumping rate required to contain a plume, increase for higher recharge rates. Dimensionless plots of capture zone envelopes are presented for a practical well and barrier wall configuration.     

福建闽江水口水库凤眼莲空间分布特征及其动态

为研究闽江水口水库凤眼莲空间分布特征及动态变化,根据2001-2009年水口库区无云覆盖的24幅卫星遥感影像,构建研究区域凤眼莲干流-支流分布的空间结构,并通过建立端元的混合象元线性分解模型,对福建省水口水库不同时间、不同区域的凤眼莲分布特征进行系统分析,结果表明,随着时间的推移,凤眼莲的暴发区逐渐向下游迁移,同时,支流对研究区域凤眼莲的面积有重要影响,特别是河流较长、周边有人口居住的支流是凤眼莲源头治理的重点;各种人为或自然原因造成的水体富营养化、河流流速变缓等是凤眼莲泛滥的重要原因.建议针对研究区域上游及其周边进行养殖污染、工业污染整治,强化对污染源的监督管理,推进生态环境建设与保护,建设生态功能保护区等.本研究可为了解水口水库的凤眼莲时空分布规律,进而制定相应的预防与控制管理措施提供必不可少的数据基础和理论依据.     

The kinematics of the ionized gas in the Circinus galaxy

The TAURUS-2 Fabry–Perot interferometer, mounted on the 3.9-m Anglo-Australian Telescope, has been used to observe the Circinus galaxy. We have mapped the intensity and velocity distribution of the ionized hydrogen in the galaxy using the Balmer series Hα spectral line.
The semiresolved core (observed with a seeing disc of 30 pc) appears amorphous in shape, which is commonly observed in Seyfert 2 galaxies. Its peak coincides with the core position measured in the radio continuum, suggesting that ionized gas surrounds a non-thermal source.
A circumnuclear ring or spiral of radius 220 pc and a rotational velocity of 350 km s⁻¹ (assuming circular motions) surrounds the core. The inclination angle of this feature, i =40°±10°, is less than that of the previously observed radio continuum disc. The velocity channel maps obtained for the Hα ring show that the kinematics resemble those of a rotating ring and the intensity displays a complex structure indicative of several, unresolved, H II regions. We believe the ring to represent a circumnuclear starburst.
Our Hα data also show the presence of the previously detected [O III ] ionization cone to the north-west of the core, measuring more than 400 pc in length. We suggest that the ionization cone lies in a different plane from that of the starburst ring and is directed away from us. Several kinematic components of the core are derived and we calculate an outflow velocity in excess of 150–200 km s⁻¹ for gas above the core of Circinus. We also present evidence for inflowing ionized gas at the centre of Circinus.
The correlation of the Hα and radio continuum features is discussed, as well as the possible presence of a starburst-driven superwind in the Circinus galaxy.     

云南富宁县水合口矿化蚀变信息提取和找矿预测

云南富宁水合口金矿位于滇东南文山―富宁成矿带,属于著名的滇黔桂"金三角"地区。利用landsat 8OLI遥感影像对研究区进行1∶100 000矿化蚀变信息提取,结合区域地质和化探异常等多元信息进行找矿预测,表明矿化蚀变、断裂构造交汇处和地球化学异常空间叠加部位为有利找矿地区,圈定了5个找矿远景区,为研究区开展下一步找矿提供了科学依据。     

三维激光扫描技术在矿山采空区测绘中的应用

三维激光扫描技术可以实现三维场景复制,而能在较短的时间内高速、精确地记录建筑物（或景象）的三维空间位置。以马坑铁矿三维激光扫描工程项目为实例,详述三维激光扫描技术在矿山地下采空区测量中的应用优势。     

湘鄂赣二叠纪岩相古地理研究

湘鄂赣二叠纪沉积盆地是在华南陆块基础上发育而成,具有扬子克拉通北缘被动大陆边缘盆地、扬子克拉通盆地、湘赣板内拉张盆地和华夏克拉通边缘盆地等四类。根据古暴露等标志,建立了各类盆地的沉积层序,并进行了区域对比。在此基础上,本文着重运用层序地层编图法编制了湘鄂赣二叠纪岩相古地理图,深化了该区岩相古地理研究,详细建立了沉积体系域模式和岩相古地理演化特点和控制因素。     

Groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use in Chithar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India

Hydrochemistry of groundwater in Chithar Basin, Tamil Nadu, India was used to assess the quality of groundwater for determining its suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes. Physical and chemical parameters of groundwater such as electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^–, HCO₃^–, CO₃^2–, SO₄^2–, NO^–₃, F^–, B^– and SiO₂ were determined. Concentrations of the chemical constituents in groundwater vary spatially and temporarily. Interpretation of analytical data shows that mixed Ca–Mg–Cl, Ca–Cl and Na–Cl are the dominant hydrochemical facies in the study area. Alkali earths (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) and strong acids (Cl^–, SO₄^2–) are slightly dominating over alkalis (Na⁺, K⁺) and weak acids (HCO₃^–, CO₃^2–). The abundance of the major ions is as follows: Na⁺ Ca²⁺ Mg²⁺ > K⁺ = Cl^– > HCO₃^–> SO₄^2– > NO₃^– > CO₃^2– . Groundwater in the area is generally hard, fresh to brackish, high to very high saline and low alkaline in nature. High total hardness and TDS in a few places identify the unsuitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation. Such areas require special care to provide adequate drainage and introduce alternative salt tolerance cropping. Fluoride and boron are within the permissible limits for human consumption and crops as per the international standards.     

西拉木伦河断裂重、磁、电特征分析

西拉木伦河断裂带主体位于天山—兴蒙地槽系的中东部,沿西拉木伦河近东西走向延伸,是中国东北地区的一条规模较大的断裂带. 该断裂带的界限位置一直是地质界研究的热点问题. 目前对于断裂带性质的研究主要集中在大兴安岭以西地区,对大兴安岭以东的地区研究甚少. 笔者从重、磁、电的角度分析了西拉木伦河断裂在大兴安岭以东地区的重、磁、电特征,利用小波多尺度分析方法对各异常场进行了分离,基于获得的含有异常信息的各阶图像,并结合大地电磁剖面,综合推断出西拉木伦河断裂的空间展布情况,认为西拉木伦河断裂是一条超壳断裂.     

北山方山口地区典型蚀变岩矿的光谱特征研究

利用遥感数据提取蚀变矿物的基础就是熟知不同岩石和矿物的光谱吸收特征,尤其是要掌握不同物理、化学环境下岩石和矿物的光谱变异特征。北山方山口地区地质演化历史复杂,蚀变岩石类型多样。那么不同岩石和矿物的光谱吸收特征有何特点,跟遥感影像上对应端元的光谱曲线是否吻合呢?另外,何种采集条件下获取的地面岩矿光谱最具代表性呢?就上述问题,笔者对方山口试验区内典型岩矿的光谱特征展开研究。实验结果表明：原位露头岩石样品和原地碎石样品与岩石标样在光谱曲线特征上最为接近,样品表层的沙漠漆对特征峰的吸收深度有一定影响。而岩矿的可见光-近红外光谱主要取决于矿物的成分和分子结构,岩石的物理破坏作用不会导致特征谱带的变化。各蚀变岩石影像端元光谱曲线与其实测光谱曲线所反映的曲线形态和吸收峰位置基本一致,但不同蚀变岩石的光谱曲线相似性很高,因此仅利用遥感影像难以准确识别出蚀变岩石的类别,但利用遥感图像提取含Fe2+、Fe3+、OH-、CO32-离子或离子基团的蚀变矿物具有较好的可行性。这对遥感蚀变矿物信息的提取起到了理论指导作用。     

湘、黔下寒武统黑色岩系型Ni、Mo矿床中有机质与PGE成矿作用研究

湘、黔地区张家界、遵义一带分布有黑色岩系型Ni-Mo-PGE矿床,测试分析表明黑色页岩样品铂族元素含量特征参数∑PGE、Ln(Pd/Pt)、(Ru/Ir)×(Pd/Pt)、Ln[(Ru/Ir)×(Pd/Pt)]均与有机质含量特征参数有较好的相关性.趋势分析显示,铂族元素含量特征参数Ln[(Ru/Ir)×(Pd/Pt)]与总有机碳含量特征参数Ln(Corg)有很好的线性相关,线性相关公式为y=0.4762x-1.1316,相关系数R为0.7584,说明该参数为一稳定性参数,主要受有机质总量决定,集中反映了生物制约性.而与湖南张家界样品有机碳含量Ln(Corg)与铂族元素含量∑PGE同步正消长关系不一样,即贵州遵义地区铂族元素总量∑PGE与有机碳含量的相关性表现出的不一致的规律,可以解释为后生期的热事件(印支海西期,Rb-Sr等时线年龄277±37Ma)导致有机质干酪根的高成熟化、大量生过气(C>2%)和石墨化趋势,或者说是芳构化效应改变了源岩有机质而导致了有机质的损耗.