Magnetostratigraphic reinvestigation of the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary interval in Hole 690B, Maud Rise, Antarctica

Hole 690B, drilled on Maud Rise near Antarctica, provides one of the most important Palaeocene/Eocene boundary interval sections. Magnetostratigraphy plays a key role in dating Palaeocene/Eocene boundary events, but there are two problems with the published scheme in Hole 690B. The first concerns major mismatches of several magnetozones and biozones in the succession. The second is an unexplained pervasive declination cluster, which should not be present in these azimuthally unoriented piston cores. To resolve these issues, a palaeomagnetic reinvestigation was carried out on 98 specimens from 12 cores through the upper Palaeocene–middle Eocene section in Hole 690B.
The bulk of the samples carry an approximately uniformly directed magnetically hard component resulting in a declination cluster effectively identical to that of the earlier study. The spurious magnetization can be explained either as an 'inward-radial magnetization' or as a 'core-split overprint'. By estimating the extent of the overprint within each sample, it has been possible to construct a filtered magnetostratigraphy for the section. The result is that many of the magnetozone–biozone mismatches are eliminated, and the record of the 2.5 Myr Chron C24r, which brackets the various events associated with the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary, is considerably cleaner. It is not possible to define the upper and lower boundaries of this magnetochron, so we recommend that the dating of the events within this section be based on the biostratigraphy only.     

Magnetic polarity sequences from downhole measurements in ODP holes 998B and 1001A,leg 165, Caribbean Sea

The magnetostratigraphy of sediments drilled at two sites (998 and 1001) in the Caribbean Sea during the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 165 is established directly from downhole measurements. For the first time in the ODP, the magnetostratigraphy of sediments is determined from both logging magnetic data and paleomagnetic analysis of core material for an age interval of about 16 m.y. across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. The total magnetic induction and the susceptibility of the surrounding sediment were recorded in situ and continuously by the GHMT (Geological High-sensitivity Magnetic Tool). The aim of processing these data is to determine the magnetic polarity. At Site 998 (Cayman Rise), no paleomagnetic results are available from the recovered cores given a hard secondary overprint. Nonetheless, a magnetostratigraphic sequence from early Miocene to late Oligocene is proposed from the analysis of the GHMT data. The comparison with biostratigraphic results shows the accuracy of the resulting magnetic polarity. At Site 1001 (Hess escarpment), cores were recovered in two holes thus allowing the comparison of the magnetostratigraphic results obtained from the GHMT data and from paleomagnetic analysis of core samples over a length of 200 m representing about 16 m.y. from early Eocene to late Cretaceous times. The sedimentation rates computed from the determined magnetochrons are very similar and correspond to the ones obtained from shipboard biostratigraphic results. One of the most striking result obtained from the magnetostratigraphic results, especially the GHMT data, at Site 1001, is the abrupt decrease in the sedimentation rate across the K/T boundary. This suppressed sedimentation lasted at least 4 Ma after the K/T event.     

基于多测点分析法的水平井高精度磁方位校正方法

随着水平井、多分支井等技术的出现,随钻测量技术对磁方位精度的要求越来越高.常规单测点磁方位校正法误差较大,无法满足复杂结构对磁方位精度的需求.近年来,国外围绕Brooks多测点分析法的基本公式,建立了一系列优化后的多测点分析法来提高磁方位的精度.本文以多测点分析法的公式为基础,结合常规单测点磁方位校正法,推导出一套收敛的改进多测点分析法.并通过实验来验证改进后的多测点分析法的效果.用改进后的多测点分析法得到的方位角精度在0.2°以内,达到或接近国际先进水平.通过进一步开展数据处理和分析,该套算法可以应用于水平井、多分支井等大斜度钻井工程中的精确定位和导向.     

台湾车笼埔断层深井钻探计划(TCDP)概述

台湾车笼埔断层深井钻探计划(TCDP)是台湾车笼埔断层上进行的科学钻探工程。该计划于2004年开始实施,拟通过深达2 000 M的钻探,获取台湾1999年集集MW7.7地震深部断层带的岩芯样本和流体观测资料,并通过一系列的深井探测和观测研究,分析车笼埔断裂产生剧烈错动的原因。本文介绍了台湾车笼埔断层深井钻探计划(TCDP)的基本情况,论述了TCDP项目的科学假设、工作计划、合作项目以及近期的进展。全面了解TCDP相关内容,对我国大陆进行地震研究和深井钻探工作具有重要借鉴意义。     

中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔100～2 000 m 岩心自然伽马测量及其地质意义

中国大陆科学钻探工程使用石油大学研制的岩心地面伽马测量仪对主孔2000m岩心进行了连续测量，并记录峰、谷的伽马值及其对应的岩性、构造和矿化等特征。通过系统测量，建立了主孔2000m自然伽马值剖面，发现榴辉岩具有较低的伽马值，并从榴辉岩→角闪岩→花岗片麻岩，伽马值逐渐增大。伽马值与变质岩的岩性具有明显的对应关系。并从放射性元素U、Th和K含量的角度来看岩石中放射性元素的变化规律，探讨这些元素变化的成因，指出变质基(中)性岩原岩反映的岩浆岩成因，不同于变质泥质沉积岩；岩石高Th／U比值与岩石曾经经历了近地表环境有关。主孔深变质岩自然伽马测量的系统研究对主孔岩心深度归位、探讨岩石成因和区域岩石圈热状态和大地构造演化具有重要的作用。     

汶川地震断裂带科学钻一号孔ASR法地应力测量

大地震后发震断裂附近的应力状态是认识和理解地震机理的重要参数.5.12汶川地震后,我国开展了基于地震机理研究的汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目(Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling Project,简称WFSD),为研究震后龙门山断裂带附近深部应力状态提供了条件.本文主要介绍适合深部应力测量的非弹性应变恢复法(Anelastic strain recovery method,简称ASR法)的测试设备和流程,并利用ASR法对WFSD-1号钻孔岩心进行了原地应力测量,取得了该钻孔424～1173 m深度范围内7个岩心样品的非弹性应变恢复实测数据,并根据成像测井对岩心进行了定向,确定了原地应力方向,估算了原地应力的大小.WFSD-1钻孔最大主应力的方位为NW69°～NW35°,主应力的大小随深度的增加而增大.     

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探1号井(WFSD-1)非弹性应变恢复法(ASR法)三维地应力测试与"5.12"汶川地震的形成机制

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探1号井(WFSD-1)的ASR三维地应力测试结果表明,龙门山前陆逆冲带与其下伏的龙门山前陆盆地和上覆的松潘-甘孜地块的构造及地应力状态存在有重大差异。从整体上看,在汶川地震中,龙门山前陆逆冲带表现为在强烈的区域性挤压背景下,深部物质沿壳内拆离层自SW向NE方向的"层状"流动,在地壳上部转化为沿映秀-北川断裂(YBF)的快速垂向挤出,而其西侧的松潘-甘孜地块作自SE往NW方向的重力滑覆,东侧的龙门山前陆盆地则表现为自NE往SW方向的走滑或右行旋转。晚新生代以来,扬子地块相对于青藏高原东缘的龙门山造山带并无明显的或大尺度的陆内俯冲作用发生。龙门山前陆逆冲带深部高温低粘度物质垂直向上的、快速的流动和挤出,直接导致了"5.12"汶川地震的发生,而松潘-甘孜地块E向扩展导致龙门山前陆带的强烈挤压和陆壳增厚及深部应力和地震能量的积聚则是诱导深部位移场发生突变和物质快速垂向挤出的主因,E向扩展是深部地震能量积聚和快速垂向挤出作用的必要条件,而非地震发生的直接原因。ASR地应力测试得出的主压应力方向完全平行于GPS同震速度场的位移方向,似乎表明ASR测试获得的原地应力场或许真实地反映了或最接近于地震过程中的构造应力状态。     

中国大陆科学钻探工程网络拓扑结构与管理信息系统简介

笔者简要介绍了中国大陆科学钻探工程在北京和江苏省东海县钻井现场3个局域网的需求分析、网络拓扑结构及互联方案，并以中国大陆科学钻探工程信息系统为例，给出了一个基于C／S和B／S混合结构的管理信息系统的集成方案，总结了该工程中网络建设与维护的相关经验。     

液体表层层状介质导波频散曲线研究

随着地震勘探向浅海、湖泊等流体覆盖层的渗透,存在液体表层或夹层介质中导波的传播研究受到人们重视.在前人研究工作的基础上,本文对存在上覆液体层时的两层、三层以及低速夹层的固体层状介质模型的频散曲线进行了数值计算,分析了当上覆液体表层的厚度变化时多模式导波频散曲线特征.通过与没有液体表层时的完全固体介质模型相对比,研究了存在上覆液体表层时多模式导波频散曲线独特的形态特征,进一步引伸出在滩浅海进行地震勘探中应注意的问题.为在滩浅海及湖泊等表层为液体覆盖层的地区利用导波进行勘探和研究提供一定的研究思路和理论依据.     

海上石油钻井中的惯性测量技术分析

介绍了国内测井用惯性测量技术的现状,分析了适用于海上石油钻井平台上的油气井井眼轨迹惯性测量方案,并指出了基于光纤陀螺的测量方案是未来的发展方向。