辽西热河生物群演化的主要地质背景

本文结合近年来辽宁省化石资源调查成果,对辽西热河生物群的分布和组成进行了总结,进一步明确了以辽西各主要盆地化石群为代表的相对连续的化石群序列; 运用宏观进化理论和地理隔离等观点分析了辽西热河生物群脊椎动物的演化,并对其主要地质背景进行了总结。对辽西热河生物群脊椎动物的演化,可识别出辐射、趋同和复式进化等类型; 在义县组阶段存在着由于地理隔离而发生的成种事件,九佛堂组阶段翼龙和鸟类的辐射可能与由于食性分化而导致的生态隔离有关; 热河生物群的演替很可能是打破地理隔离后部分物种的绝灭、一些本地起源物种的向外迁移和外来物种的侵入、部分类群的辐射和复式进化共同作用的结果,与其所处的主要地质背景在时空上协同一致。综合分析认为,义县组火山岩已经“穿时”,在其晚期火山活动初始,已进入九佛堂组阶段。     

贵州金沙长岩沟寒武系牛蹄塘组生物群组成特征

贵州金沙长岩沟牛蹄塘组生物群化石丰富,共计25属,以海绵动物为主,另有节肢动物及藻类两大门类化石代表.海绵动物以普通海绵为主,计8属,占整个海绵动物属的57％;六射海绵5属,占海绵的36％,另有纲、目及科未定1属.节肢动物8属中高肌虫占优势,计有5属;大型双壳节肢动物2属,三叶虫仅1属.藻类共计3属.与遵义牛蹄塘生物群相比,两地均以普通海绵为主,金沙长岩沟牛蹄塘生物群海绵更为丰富,与遵义黑沙坡的海绵组成有差异.金沙长岩沟节肢动物中三叶虫少,仅1属,但高肌虫丰富,达5属,而遵义黑沙坡只有2属高肌虫,三叶虫则达4属.遵义和金沙牛蹄塘组生物群分别有藻类属4个和3个,共有属2个.两地同一生物群组成的差异,说明同处扬子浅水区的金沙长岩沟及遵义黑沙坡沉积环境可能有所差异,因而组成面貌也有差异.两地牛蹄塘生物群均具有显著的澄江生物群色彩.     

Jianshangou Bed of the Yixian Formation in West Liaoning,China

The Jianshangou fossil locality was first found byChang Zhenglu and his colleagures in 1962, now thearea of Jianshangou, Sihetun and Huangbanjigou be-comes famous all over the world for its yielding feath-ered dinosaurs, Confuciusornis and Archaefructus. Thename of Jianshangou Bed was proposed by the firstauthor of present paper as an informal suggesting unitduring the research on Jehol fossils of western Liaon-ing in 1963 and 1964. The unit was named then asJianshan Bed[1], indicating th…     

关岭生物群的生活环境

产于贵州省关岭县新铺乡附近晚三叠世早期地层瓦窑组下部的关岭生物群科学意义重大、观赏性极好、生活环境独特。岩相古地理分析其生活环境为海湾。沉积和古生态特征显示生活环境水体平静。     

Biostratigraphy of Triassic Marine Reptiles in Southwest Guizhou and Its Adjacent Area

This paper briefly reviews the Triassic marine reptile fossils in Guizhou Province, especially the fossils that have been recently found in the Guanling area. Based on three sections at Guanling and Xingyi, Guizhou Province and Luoping, Yunnan Province, four horizons with vertebrate fossils are recognized in the Middle and Upper Triassic of this area; They are from bottom to top: Member I and Member II of the Guanling Formation, and the Zhuganpo Member and the Wayao Member of the Falang Formation.     

New Localities and Palaeoscolecid Worms from the Cambrian (Stage 4, Series 2) Guanshan Biota in Kunming, Yunnan, South China

The Guanshan Biota from the Cambrian Stage 4 Wulongqing Formation is a typical Burgess-shale type Lagerst?tte that had witnessed the Cambrian explosion. Here we report two new localities of the Guanshan Biota, which is located at Baimei village, south of Kunming and Xinglong village, Wuding County, Yunnan Province respectively. Both localities produce soft-body fossils and several new taxa, e.g. a new species of palaeoscolecidans (Palaeoscolex xinglongensis sp. nov.) reported herein. The comparative study of the new species with similar form not only indicates that there is a diversification of palaeoscolecid species in Guanshan Biota, but also strengthens the ties between the older Chengjiang Biota and the younger Kaili Biota (and also the coeval Burgess Shale community). Three paleoecological features, including high diversity, little disparity and richness of palaeoscolecid worms, are summarized as a case study to represent the differences between Guanshan and Chengjiang Biota.     

城子河组的新材料及其地层意义

黑龙江省密山县金沙农场北部鹿山地区被钻孔揭示的城子河组剖面产有海相一半成水相双壳类、沟鞭藻，孢子花粉及植物化石，这些新材料进一步证明城子河组的时代应属早白垩世早中期，从而为侏罗～白垩系界线划分及鸡西群与龙爪沟群对比提供了新的生物地层依据。     

贵州省关岭县土地利用/土地覆被变化及土壤侵蚀效应研究

以贵州省关岭县为例,利用1987和1999年两个时段TM影象和相关资料,分析研究区12年间的土地利用/土地覆被变化及其土壤侵蚀风险。发现:(1)研究区土地利用动态变化较大,年均土地利用综合动态指数为1.36%;(2)旱地和草地互相转化比例高,草地开垦为旱地和旱地弃耕为草地的动态变化幅度远远超过旱地和草地最终面积变化的幅度;(3)山区土地利用的空间变化主要体现在垂直方向;(4)研究区裸土面积下降,一部分被植被覆盖,另一部分由于土壤流失殆尽,形成裸露基岩,故植被覆盖率和基岩出露率上升;(5)石漠化程度加剧,其中旱地石漠化发展速度最快;(6)土壤侵蚀形势严峻。     

Polycyclic musks in green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis) from Hong Kong

Six polycyclic musk compounds [Cashmeran (DPMI), Celestolide (ADBI), Phantolide (AHMI), Traseolide (ATII), Tonalide (AHTN), and Galaxolide (HHCB)] were analysed in marine green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis) from Hong Kong. ADBI, HHCB and AHTN were detected in almost all samples, while AHMI, ATII and DPMI were not detected. Concentrations of ADBI, HHCB and AHTN in mussels ranged from below detection limit–0.0743 (mean: 0.0246), 0.247–6.08 (mean: 1.15) and 0.0591–0.738 (mean: 0.190) mg/kg lipid weight, respectively. Mussels from two sampling sites in central Victoria Harbour contained the highest total polycyclic musk levels, suggesting that these waters are heavily influenced by domestic sewage. Concentrations of HHCB and AHTN detected in the mussel samples were the second highest and the highest levels, respectively, compared to global concentrations. A preliminary risk assessment indicated that HHCB and AHTN in mussels pose little or no threat to the health of shellfish consumers. Nevertheless, more comprehensive studies are required to further assess the ecological and human health risks associated with polycyclic musks.