21世纪黄河系统工程方略

该文指出 :王化云的治黄思想 ,“上拦下排、两岸分滞、蓄水拦沙、宽河固堤、除害兴利、综合利用” ,实际上是治理黄河的系统工程 ,2 1世纪应该继承和发展黄河系统工程的方略。黄河地处中国腹地 ,是中华民族的摇篮 ,当今高新科技的发展 ,足以从更大的范围 ,以全国的水资源、土资源为核心来考虑黄河的建设。统一计算水资源中的大气水、地表水、地下水、壤中水、生态水、环境水、生产水、生活水 ;统一计算土资源中的土壤资源、沙资源、沙石资源 ,真正按照地理系统工程来建设黄河。     

RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN EL HATILLO, NICARAGUA: GENDER, NEOLIBERALISM AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK

El Hatillo is a rural community in the Sébaco valley in Nicaragua, which suffers from an eroding resource base, high levels of poverty and malnutrition, and a high susceptibility to hazards. Structural adjustment policies have been devastating for small and subsistence farmers and have increased the level of economic, social and environmental marginalisation in rural Nicaragua. This paper explores initiatives to promote sustainable development in Nicaragua in the context of structural adjustment and environmental degradation. Drawing on qualitative research conducted in El Hatillo, it outlines the ways in which women in this community are attempting to address the multiple challenges of rural poverty and environmental risk and considers the potential of these strategies for gender equality.     

基于土壤地球化学数据的资源与环境评价信息系统设计与实现

基于应用土壤地球化学数据进行环境评价和资源预测的需求,本文独立开发了基于土壤地球化学数据的资源与环境评价信息系统。系统融合了反距离加权插值模型以及具有稳健变异函数的地统计学克里格插值模型,并在此基础上引人了非线性的多维分形插值模型;同时,系统结合资源与环境预测和评价的实际需求,集成了单因子指数、地累积指数、环境地球化学...     

基于网格计算环境下的空间信息多级格网研究

本文提出一种适应网格计算环境下的空间信息多级格网(SIMG，Spatial Information Multi-Grid)技术，通过将网格计算技术与地学格网相结合，提出SIMG的构想并探讨其关键技术的实现；通过研究格网内细部地物表示的精度，力求建立SIMG的划分标准，从而建立我国空间信息多级格网的体系结构。     

日照茶树种植区典型茶园的土壤肥力状况评价

通过野外采样和室内测定,以日照茶树种植区3个典型茶园为研究对象,每个茶园分别取鸠坑、黄山群体、福鼎大白各3个品种,最终取得9种茶样生长地的土样,研究分析土样的pH,有机质,全N,P,K,有效N,P,K等指标的土壤养分含量状况,并以此为评价指标,运用模糊综合评判法,对3个茶园的土壤肥力质量进行了综合评价。结果表明,茶园肥力综合水平为北垛春>碧波山庄>北叶青;茶园土壤总体上,pH值较适中,有机质含量很缺乏,全N含量偏低,全P含量中等,全K含量较高,有效N含量很缺乏,有效P含量非常丰富,有效K含量中等,并据此提出了关于该地区3个典型茶园今后合理施肥的一些建议。     

北京市郊区传统村落价值评价及可持续利用模式探讨——以北京市门头沟区传统村落的调查研究为例

北京市西部门头沟区保留有许多传统村落,这些传统村落经过历史的积淀而具有典型的地域特征和深厚的文化底蕴,成为京西独特的景观旅游资源。在深入系统调查的基础上,结合悠久性、完整性、乡土性、协调性、典型性对传统村落的价值特征进行了综合评价,将传统村落划分为遗产性村落、特色性村落和保护性村落三种类型。在探讨传统村落可持续利用机制的基础上总结了传统村落可持续利用的6种模式。     

Coping with water scarcity in Kashafroud G-WADI Basin,Iran: climate change or growing demands?

This paper assesses the various factors contributing to climate change in the region of the Kashafroud G-WADI Basin in Iran; quantifies the local impacts of climate change, especially local water scarcity; and simulates and discusses several proposed methods to combat these impacts. Hydrologic and climatic data are statistically analyzed and VENSIM modeling is used for various simulations of water resources in the basin. Results show that the natural climate changes affecting Kashafroud Basin include increased temperature, less rainfall, more frequent droughts, and changes in rainfall patterns, all of which are local symptoms of climate change in recent years. However, the most important challenge in the basin is the overexploitation of surface and groundwater resources to meet the growing water demands, especially domestic needs. Changes in land use, reallocation of water uses, groundwater depletion, and degradation of the quality of surface waters have all contributed to significant changes in the environmental features of this basin, and are the main reason why water demands now exceed the renewal capacity of the basin. Proposed response measures include reallocation of resources among different uses, inter-basin water transfers, drawing water from six small dams on the Kashafroud River, reducing groundwater extraction, and replacing groundwater extraction for agriculture by reuse of urban wastewater. This study concludes that although changes in global climatic parameters have altered environmental features in the basin, local factors, such as water utilization beyond the renewable capacity of the basin, are more significant in worsening the impacts of climate change.     

贵州乌蒙山区资源相对承载力的时空动态变化

贵州乌蒙山区是国家划定的18片贫困区之一,随着人口增长和社会经济发展的加速,山区人地资源矛盾日趋突出,已严重阻碍了乌蒙山区社会经济的可持续发展。运用并改进了相对资源承载力的研究思路和计算方法,研究了1995~2006年贵州乌蒙山区自然资源、经济资源、生活水平的相对承载力和综合承载力的时空动态变化过程。对于认清和把握乌蒙山区资源承载力变化规律,完善山区资源环境承载力研究成果具有重要指导意义。研究表明:贵州乌蒙山区人口严重超载,而承载人口的主要资源为土地资源,经济资源和生活水平承载力偏低;相对资源承载力空间差异显著,绝大多数县域综合承载力均处于超载状态。     

Progresses and Perspectives of the Resource Evaluation Related to Agri-cultural Heritage Tourism

The scientific evaluation of tourism resources is not only an important prerequisite for the development of agri-cultural heritage tourism (AHT), but it can also promote the conservation and management of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS). With the goal of providing scientific support for the sustainable management of tourism resources, this review systematically analyzes the overall situation, research regions, developmental timeline trends, key fields and hot topics of resource evaluation research related to AHT over 2005-2020. With a comprehensive perspective that incorporates both traditional literature review and quantitative literature review, the study revealed four important aspects of AHT research. (1) Relevant articles could be divided into two phases, a development-oriented period (2005-2012) and a conservation-oriented period (2013-2020). (2) GIAHS accounts for the absolute majority (about 66.7%) of relevant studies. In particular, Longji Terraces System, Hani terraces system and Dong’s Rice-Fish-Duck System were the research hotspots IAHS, and Yunnan, Zhejiang and Guangxi were the research hotspot provinces. (3) Terraced landscapes and tea culture were the most popular themes in tourism resource evaluation, while sports tourism, tea culture tourism and study tours are becoming the new trends in IAHS sites. (4) Research methods have undergone a shift from qualitative to quantitative approaches, and a combination of these two in an interdisciplinary manner is becoming a new research trend. By reviewing and prospecting the relevant literature, this study not only makes a unique contribution to the tourism resource evaluation of IAHS, but also helps to enrich the relevant evaluation theories and further promote the sustainable development of heritage tourism from theoretical and methodological perspectives.     

基于PS-DR-DP理论模型的区域资源环境承载力综合评价（英文）

The concepts of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity are important aspects of both academic inquiry and government policy. Although notable results have been achieved in terms of evaluating both these variables, most researchers have utilized a traditional analytical method that incorporates the "pressure-state-response" model. A new approach is proposed in this study for the comprehensive evaluation of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity; applying a "pressure-support", "destructiveness-resilience", and "degradation-promotion"("PS-DR-DP") hexagon interaction theoretical model, we divided carrying capacity into these three pairs of interactive forces which correspond with resource supporting ability, environmental capacity, and risk-disaster resisting ability, respectively. Negative carrying capacity load in this context was defined to include pressure, destructiveness, and degradation, while support, resilience, and promotion comprised positive attributes. The status of regional carrying capacity was then determined via the ratio between positive and negative contribution values, expressed in terms of changes in both hexagonal shape and area that result from interactive forces. In order to test our "PS-DR-DP" theory-based model, we carried out a further empirical study on Beijing over the period between 2010 and 2015. Analytical results also revealed that the city is now close to attaining a perfect state for both resources and environmental carrying capacity; the latter state in Beijing increased from 1.0143 to 1.1411 between 2010 and 2015, an improved carrying capacity despite the fact that population increased by two million. The average contribution value also reached 0.7025 in 2015, indicating that the city approached an optimal loading threshold at this time but still had space for additional carrying capacity. The findings of our analysis provide theoretical support to enable the city of Beijing to control population levels below 23 million by 2020.