邯郸地形变与地下水位动态相互关系研究

依据邯郸地区地质构造及20多年的观测资料,系统研究了地下水位、地壳形变的正常与异常动态变化及其相互关系.本区地形变的主控因素是西部太行山隆起和东部华北平原大幅度沉降的继承性运动,造成地形变向东南方向倾斜;在大区域的周期性强降水后由于地质构造因素地形变向西北向倾斜,形成水位和形变的正常动态变化.采用有效的定量方法提取异常,显示一部分反向西北倾斜的异常与华北的中强震有较好的对应关系.故强降水引起的地倾斜变化不应看作干扰,而是一种引起地壳变形地震前兆的外动力因素,应予高度关注.     

前进中的青海省工程地震研究院

青海省工程地震研究院是青海省地震局下属具有独立法人资格的全民所有制科技开发企业,是地震工程、岩土工程和环境地质领域从事科研、生产、人才培养的经济实体,具有建设工程地震安全性评价、桩基检测甲级资质,岩土工程勘察、咨询乙级资质,地质灾害危险性评估丙级资质。经过十余年的发展,从队伍建设、能力建设作业绩等方面,都取得了长足的进步。     

汶川地震前刘家峡台地应力短临异常分析

地应力观测是目前我国进行地震前兆观测的重要手段之一。利用汶川地震前刘家峡台地应力观测资料,通过分析,获得汶川地震前刘家峡台地应力观测资料的异常特征,解释了汶川地震的震源机制。对现有地震预测方法中存在的一些问题进行了讨论并提出了一些解决办法。     

Evaluation of seismic response of bridges under asynchronous excitation and comparisons with Eurocode 8-2 provisions

The paper aims to evaluate the way Eurocode 8 treats the consideration of asynchronous earthquake ground motion during the seismic design of bridges, and to discuss alternative solutions for cases wherein existing provisions do not lead to satisfactory results. The evaluation of EC8-2 new provisions and simplified methods is performed through comparison with a more refined approach whereas an effort is made to quantitatively assess the relative importance of various design and analysis assumptions that have to be made when spatial variability of ground motion is taken into consideration, based on the study of the dynamic response of 27 different bridges. It is concluded that, despite the complexity of the problem, there are specific cases where EC8 provisions can be safely and easily applied in practice, while in other cases ignoring the effect of asynchronous excitation or performing simplified calculations can significantly underestimate the actual seismic demand.     

Towards a new reference ground motion prediction equation for Italy: update of the Sabetta–Pugliese (1996)

A revised Italian strong motion archive has become available since July 2007, including all the records of the strongest events occurred from 1972 to 2004. It contains the uncorrected and corrected accelerograms and the metadata relevant to seismic events, recording stations and instruments added after a careful revision. The availability of this archive allowed us to perform a first step towards an update of the reference ground motion prediction equations for Italy, which were evaluated by Sabetta and Pugliese in (Bull Seismol Soc Am 77:1491–1513, 1987), for peak ground acceleration and velocity, and subsequently extended to the 5% damped pseudovelocity response spectra in 1996. A subset with the 27 major earthquakes occurred in Italy from 1972 to 2002, in the magnitude range 4.6–6.9, was extracted and 235 good quality waveforms were selected, recorded at distances up to 183 km. The goodness of fit of the Sabetta and Pugliese (Bull Seismol Soc Am 86:337–352, 1996) model was explored using two independent statistical approaches (Spudich et al. Bull Seismol Soc Am 89:1156–1170, 1999 and Scherbaum et al. Bull Seismol Soc Am 94:2164–2185, 2004). The results obtained show that the Sabetta and Pugliese (Bull Seismol Soc Am 77:1491–1513, 1987) does not adequately fit the new strong-motion data set, for its small standard deviation and its non-zero bias. In particular, the most noteworthy result is that the Sabetta and Pugliese (Bull Seismol Soc Am 77:1491–1513, 1987) over-predicts peak ground acceleration and velocity at rock sites. New coefficients for the prediction of horizontal peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity and acceleration response spectra, adopting the same functional form in Sabetta and Pugliese (Bull Seismol Soc Am 77:1491–1513, 1987), were then evaluated in order to fit the new data set. This paper illustrates the steps made to update the existing ground motion prediction equations for Italy, discusses their limitations and provides the basis for future developments.     

Structural identification of Egnatia Odos bridges based on ambient and earthquake induced vibrations

The dynamic characteristics of two representative R/C bridges on Egnatia Odos motorway in Greece are estimated based on low amplitude ambient and earthquake-induced vibrations. The present work outlines the instrumentation details, algorithms for computing modal characteristics (modal frequencies, damping ratios and modeshapes), modal-based finite element model (FEM) updating methods for estimating structural parameters, and numerical results for the modal and structural dynamic characteristics of the two bridges based on ambient and earthquake induced vibrations. Transverse, bending and longitudinal modes are reliably identified and stiffness-related properties of the piers, deck and elastomeric bearings of the FEMs of the two bridges are estimated. Results provide qualitative and quantitative information on the dynamic behavior of the bridge systems and their components under low-amplitude vibrations. Modeling assumptions are discussed based on the differences in the characteristics identified from ambient and earthquake vibration measurements. The sources of the differences observed between the identified modal and structural characteristics of the bridges and those predicted by FEMs used for design are investigated and properly justified.     

德州70 cm高度气温与地面温度的关系初探

利用统计学和气象学原理,对德州2008年1月1日—12月31日德州70 cm高度的气温(用T₇₀表示)与地面温度（用T₀表示）中08、14时和20时及日平均资料进行分析。结果表明：冬半年08时T₇₀＞T₀（或T₇₀≈T₀）;夏半年T₇₀＜T₀,6月差值最大,为-2.6℃。14时全年都是T₇₀＜T₀,3月差值最大,为-12.1℃。20时全年基本都是T₇₀＞T₀。就日平均而言,全年都是T₇₀＜T₀。运用回归分析法建立了以T₀为基础的T₇₀预测模型,经检验表明,3—9月预测准确率较高,可以满足当地农事需要。     

探地雷达三维高阶时域有限差分法模拟研究

探地雷达数值模拟中,时域有限差分法在时间和空间上一般采用二阶精度的中心差分近似(FDTD(2,2)),其形式简单,但数值色散误差较大,在复杂模型模拟时不能很好地反映模型的精细变化.高阶时域有限差分法能很好地改善数值色散带来的误差,提高模拟精度.本文基于三维高阶时域有限差分法的基本原理实现了探地雷达正演模拟,采用单轴各向异性完全匹配层(UPML)作为吸收边界条件,可以有效地吸收外向传播的电磁波,在大大地提高计算效率的同时,也能很好地改善边界的吸收效果.分析对比正演模拟结果,通过三维高阶时域有限差分正演能获得目标体准确电磁响应信息,并能很好的提高模拟精度.     

2010年青海玉树Ms7.1地震近断层地面运动估计

2010年4月14日在我国青海省玉树藏族自治州发生了M_s7.1级地震.地震给当地群众的生命财产带来巨大损失,其中最严重的破坏发生在震中东南的玉树县城.我们利用反演远场地震波形得到的震源破裂模型和Crust2.0提供的当地的地壳模型,计算了近断层地面运动（速度场和位移场）,再现了地震发生时当地的地面运动图像.根据这个图像,震源的单侧破裂过程导致了明显的多普勒效应.地震波自震中向四周扩散开去,但沿着断层向东南方向传播的地震波的幅度更大、波峰更密.玉树县城恰好位于地面静态位移较大的区域,也位于较强烈的位移波和速度波穿越的地带.与实际的地面运动相比,虽然我们的计算还不够精确,但无容置疑,破裂过程导致的多普勒效应是玉树县城遭受严重破坏的主要原因.     

强地震动估计中映射法四种映射原则的数学表达

运用数学语言对四种映射原则进行阐述,得到四种映射原则对应的数学映射关系;为方便地震动衰减关系转换数值计算设计了计算流程;并以美国西部为参考区,导出了云南地区的基岩水平向地震峰值加速度衰减关系。结果表明本文给出的四种数学映射关系和设计的数值计算流程在转换过程中是可行的,最小扭曲映射原则、最小扭曲可逆映射原则得出的结果在某种程度上要优于IR映射原则、IM映射原则得出的结果。