由地下水位变化反演大同—阳高6.1级地震前后应力场的动态图像

分析研究了承压含水层应力应变与井水位变化之间的定量关系,得出了井水位变化与含水层应力应变之间的定量关系公式,给出了利用承压井水位变化反演含水层应力变化的两种新方法。利用大同地震前后井水位变化资料,反演了该地震前后大区域应力场的动态调整变化,并形成了时间与空间的演化图像。利用这些图像分析了大同地震前后大区域应力场的动态调整变化特征与可能的机制。     

面板堆石坝的地质雷达检测

面板堆石坝以其建设周期短,投资少的优点而在为当今国际上一种较广泛的坝型。但其渗漏较严重是一个亟待解决的问题,我们采用地质雷达的方法,利用不同天线组合,以渗漏通道介电性质差异为目的进行探测,并追踪确定渗漏通道。实践证明,该方法能有效地确定渗漏部位和渗漏通道,该资料为堵漏和工程施工提供重要依据。     

Canyon topography effects on ground motion at Feitsui damsite

The free-field accelerograms along Feitsui Canyon are analyzed and modeled by a numerical scheme to study the effect of canyon topography. Since six strong-motion accelerometers (SC1–SC6) were deployed along the Feitsui Canyon in 1991; there are 14 earthquakes (4.9≤M_L≤6.6) recorded by these stations until June 1996, but only five triggered all six stations. The maximum PGA value is 68.6 cm s⁻² recorded at station SC1. According to the present data, the effect of the dam on the ground motions at canyon stations can be negligible. The amplitude of ground motion on the slopes of the canyon is bigger than that at its trough. The integral equation method is applied to a two dimensional model of Feitsui Canyon to study the effects of the canyon topography. We choose the ground motion of SC3 or SC4 station at the trough of the canyon as the input motion for the model, which is then used to predict the ground motion at the other five stations. Apart from the earthquake close to the damsite, the simple model can reproduce the observed accelerations at all frequencies below 4 Hz. Overall, the numerical method can well predict the ground motion along the canyon, although the high-frequency simulation is underestimated.     

张北6.2级地震地形变前兆演化特征

分析了张北6.2级地震前后华北地区水准、GPS、重力、定点形变、流动形变、地应变观测资料及前兆的演化过程。结果表明,深大构造对背景场起着控制及传递的作用;震中区位于经历了剧烈地壳运动后近年处于相对平静的地区;背景场与前兆异常动态过程的密切配合,是作出正确震情判定的关键;前兆异常在震后的新发展,在震后趋势预测中有重要作用。     

邯郸地形变与地下水位动态相互关系研究

依据邯郸地区地质构造及20多年的观测资料,系统研究了地下水位、地壳形变的正常与异常动态变化及其相互关系.本区地形变的主控因素是西部太行山隆起和东部华北平原大幅度沉降的继承性运动,造成地形变向东南方向倾斜;在大区域的周期性强降水后由于地质构造因素地形变向西北向倾斜,形成水位和形变的正常动态变化.采用有效的定量方法提取异常,显示一部分反向西北倾斜的异常与华北的中强震有较好的对应关系.故强降水引起的地倾斜变化不应看作干扰,而是一种引起地壳变形地震前兆的外动力因素,应予高度关注.     

晋冀蒙交界地区地电阻率异常与该区中强地震关系的分析研究

文章对1989年、1991年发生在山西大同一阳高的两次6．1级地震、1996年内蒙古包头西的6．6级地震、1998年的河北张北6．2级四次中强震前后华北北部地电阻率资料进行对比分析,提取出晋冀蒙交界区中强地震前地电异常信息,为今后该区中强地震的预测提供参考依据。     

地震动输入界面的选取对地震动参数的影响

地震反应分析中的输入界面是一种规定的假想基岩面,其选取具有很大的不确定性,对确定地震动参数的影响很大.本文以北京地区存在剪切波速较高的卵石硬夹层场地为研究对象,探讨实际工程场地中能否将硬夹层选作地震动输入界面的问题.利用一维等效线性化波动方法,对390个含有剪切波速高于500m/s的卵石层场地模型进行地震反应分析计算,讨论卵石层的上覆土层、下伏土层以及卵石层自身特性对地震反应分析结果的影响.计算结果显示,厚度5m左右、剪切波速小于600m/s的卵石层作为地震动输入界面是否合理,主要取决于上覆土层和下伏土层,而卵石层厚度和剪切波速的影响很小.对于一般性工程,当上覆土层厚度大于15m,下伏土层厚度在10m以内时,选取硬夹层顶面与选取钻探揭示的基岩或剪切波速不小于500m/s的土体顶面为输入界面,计算结果差别不大;当上覆土层厚度达到60m,下伏土层的变化对计算结果影响很小.研究表明,在钻探没有揭示出基岩或坚硬土体时,埋深大于60m的硬夹层可以选为地震动输入界面,这一结论对实际的地震安全性评价工作具有一定参考价值.     

近断层强地震动场预测

以1997年4月11日新疆伽师地震（M_w6.1）为例,详细介绍了近断层强地震动场的预测方法.首先,用有限断层震源建模方法建立了该次地震的震源模型;然后,基于动力学拐角频率的地震动随机模拟方法,模拟了该次地震仅有主震加速度记录、且位于巨厚土层上的三个台站的加速度时程,并用实际地震记录进行了验证.在此基础上,基于预测的近断层77个节点的加速度时程的峰值绘制了该次地震的加速度场.结果表明,上述方法模拟的加速度时程在0.5 Hz以上的高频段是可行的、实用的;预测的近断层加速度场具有非常明显的上盘效应.地表最大加速度的范围与断层面上最大凹凸体位置相对应,说明与断层面上凹凸体相对应的地面上的建（构）筑物将会遭受到较为严重的震害.     

Earthquake shaking scenarios for the metropolitan area of Lisbon

In this study, we simulate and compare ground motion shaking in the city of Lisbon and surrounding counties (metropolitan area of Lisbon (MAL)), using two possible earthquake models: the onshore source area of Lower Tagus Valley, M5.7 and M4.7 and the offshore source area, Marques de Pombal Fault, M7.6, one of the possible source of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. The stochastic and a new hybrid stochastic-deterministic approach (DSM) are used in order to evaluate the ground shaking and to characterize its spatial variability. Results are presented in terms of response acceleration spectra (PSA) and peak ground acceleration (PGA) with respect to bedrock and surface. Site effects are evaluated by means of equivalent stochastic non-linear one-dimensional ground responses analysis, performed for a set of stratified soil profile units properly designed to cope with the soil site conditions of MAL region. A sensitive study is carried out using different input parameters and different approaches in order to give the basic information to evaluate the range of uncertainty in seismic scenarios.     

The importance of site-specific characters in prediction models for blast-induced ground vibrations

The aim of this study is to show the effect of geological factors in predicting the level of blast-induced ground vibrations. The site-specific character of ground must be involved in the prediction models especially if the ground conditions have a variable character like in this case. But in a blasting environment, this is only possible by using an empirical way. Towards this aim, an in-situ experimental study in a highly jointed sandstone quarry was carried out to incorporate the variable conditions into the prediction models. Therefore, 60 shots were organized and their ground vibrations monitored in two different directions to compare the results. These shots were normal production shots involving the true technological properties as well as geological properties into the prediction model. Based on these, the empirical relations between particle velocity, the amount of explosive and distance have been developed. The results show that the performances of these estimations depend on the site-specific character of these empirical relations. The best prediction was obtained with only 2.08% error level provided that the true technological and geological properties are involved.