高层建筑时程分析中地震动时程选择和修改方法研究

合理的地震动时程选择与修改方法对于高层结构的抗震设计具有重要意义,有着广泛的工程应用.本文回顾了建筑抗震设计规范对于输入地震动时程的规定,通过对现有的地震动时程选择与修改方法进行分类和定性分析,挑选了两种与规范要求衔接较好的方法.结合具体算例对两种方法进行了定量分析,结果表明以安评设计谱作为选择指标,利用最小二乘法对选择的地震动时程进行修改,可以得到离散较小且符合规范要求的地震动时程,该成果能够在现行规范要求下为结构的抗震设计提供合理可靠的依据.同时,本文也对未来地震动时程选择与修改方法的研究和发展方向进行了展望,指出条件均值谱和非弹性反应谱将是该领域未来主要的研究方向.     

Allowed Quantity of Explosive Charge Depending on the Distance from the Blast

This paper analyses results of trial, construction and quarry blasting, carried out in sediment rock deposits, mainly limestone and dolomite. Based on results of seismic measurements and engineering geological observations in sedimentary formation, an empirical relationship was established between ground vibration and geological strength index (GSI). The charge weight of explosive that may be detonated per delay for any given distance of nearby structures from the blast is approximately determined by using the concept of the scaled distance (SD) along with the DIN 4150 standard.     

地基处理方案的模糊判别选择

采用何种地基处理方法,直接影响到地基处理的效果和造价,长期以来选择地基处理方案都是根据经验确定.文章采用层次分析法试图建立起地基处理方案选择评价体系,通过对比,在实际应用中达到优化选择地基处理方案的目的.     

Anomalous radar backscatter from Titan’s surface?

Since Cassini arrived at Saturn in 2004, its moon Titan has been thoroughly mapped by the RADAR instrument at 2-cm wavelength, in both active and passive modes. Some regions on Titan, including Xanadu and various bright hummocky bright terrains, contain surfaces that are among the most radar-bright encountered in the Solar System. This high brightness has been generally attributed to volume scattering processes in the inhomogeneous, low-loss medium expected for a cold, icy satellite surface. We can test this assumption now that the emissivity has been obtained from the concurrent radiometric measurements for nearly all the surface, with unprecedented accuracy (Janssen et al., and the Cassini RADAR Team [2009]. Icarus 200, 222-239). Kirchhoff’s law of thermal radiation relates the radar and radiometric properties in a way that has never been fully exploited. In this paper we examine here how this law may be applied in this case to better understand the nature of Titan’s radar-bright regions. We develop a quantitative model that, when compared to the observational data, allows us to conclude that either the reflective characteristics of the putative volume scattering subsurface must be highly constrained, or, more likely, organized structure on or in the surface is present that enhances the backscatter.     

Ground-based radar observations of Titan: 2000-2008

We have observed Titan with the Arecibo Observatory’s 12.6 cm wavelength radar system during the last eight oppositions of the Saturn system with sufficient sensitivity to characterize its scattering properties as a function of sub-Earth longitude. In a few sessions the Green Bank Telescope was used as the receiving instrument in a bistatic configuration to boost sub-radar track length and integration time. Radar echo spectra have been obtained for a total of 92 viewing geometries with sub-Earth locations scattered through all longitudes and at latitudes between 7.6°S and 26.3°S, close to the maximum southern excursion of the sub-Earth track. We find Titan to have globally average radar albedos at this wavelength of 0.161 in the opposite circular polarization sense as that transmitted (OC) and 0.074 in the same sense (SC), giving a polarization ratio SC/OC of 0.46. These values are intermediate between lower reflectivity rocky surfaces and higher reflectivity clean icy surfaces. The variations with longitude in general mirror the surface brightness variations seen through the infrared atmospheric windows. Xanadu Regio’s radar reflectivity and polarization ratio are higher than the global averages, and suggest that its composition is relatively cleaner water ice or, possibly, some other material with low propagation loss at radio wavelengths. For all echo spectra most of the power is in a broad diffuse component but with a specular component whose strength and narrowness is highly variable as a function of surface location. For all data we fit a sum of the standard Hagfors scattering law describing the specular component and an empirical diffuse radar scattering model to extract bulk parameters of the surface. Many areas exhibit very narrow specular reflections implying terrain that are quite flat on centimeter to meter scales over spans of tens to perhaps hundreds of kilometers. The proportion of spectra showing these narrow specular echoes has fallen significantly over the observational time span, indicating either a latitudinal effect related to terrain differences or changing surface conditions over the past several years. A few radar tracks, especially those from the 2008 session, overlap some high resolution Cassini RADAR imagery swaths to allow a direct comparison with terrain.     

淮河流域一次强对流性天气过程的遥感资料分析

利用气象卫星红外遥感资料和新一代多普勒天气雷达微波探测信息,对2008年7月22日发生在淮河流域的一次暴雨强对流性天气过程进行分析,了解两种探测结果间存在的异同点。结果表明：虽然气象卫星在时空分辨率上不如天气雷达直观,但从卫星云图上可以观测到在雷达回波图中无法分析的大尺度天气背景,且通过Tir=Twv线所处位置的分析,能够了解对流系统的发展趋势。而从高时空分辨率的雷达回波强度分布以及径向速度中,则可以清晰地观测到系统的小尺度变化特征以及不同高度的径向速度特征。综合两种探测信息可以相互弥补不足,了解到更多的有效信息。     

基于混合边界条件的有限单元法GPR正演模拟

从Maxwell方程组出发,推导了探地雷达(GPR)有限元波动方程.阐述了透射边界条件和Sarma边界条件的原理,推导了这两种边界条件的理论公式;通过在衰减层内加入过渡带优化了Sarma边界条件的加载方法,压制了介质区和衰减层交界面处的人为反射.考虑到透射边界条件与Sarma边界条件不同的理论机制,提出了一种结合透射边界条件和Sarma边界条件的混合边界条件,它利用Sarma边界条件对到达边界区域的GPR波能量衰减功能和透射边界对GPR波能量的透射功能,使GPR波经过Sarma边界条件的衰减吸收后,再通过透射边界条件将剩余能量透射出去,集成了二者的优势.并以二维均匀模型中的中心脉冲激励源方式为例,通过Matlab程序实现,以GPR的全波场快照的直观方式,对比了有、无边界条件及不同边界条件对人工截断边界的处理效果,说明了该混合边界条件对到达截断边界处的GPR波的处理优于单一边界条件.最后,以基于混合边界条件的有限单元法对两个典型的GPR地电模型进行了正演模拟,指导了GPR数据处理与工程实践.     

渭河盆地地裂缝群发机理及东、西部地裂缝分布不均衡构造成因研究

利用渭河盆地2001—2008年高精度GPS监测资料,结合区域构造特点建立了渭河盆地有限元动力学模型,基于此研究了区域现今地壳应力场特征,深入分析了构造应力场与盆地内地裂缝群发之间的内在关系,首次基于空间大地测量定量的揭示出了区域构造应力场与盆地内地裂缝群发的内在动力学联系,及盆地东、西部地裂缝分布不均衡的根本成因.研究结果表明:渭河盆地现今地壳应力场差异性显著,主要呈现出中、东部以NW-SE向拉张为主,西部则以NW-SE向压缩应力为主,整体具有相对左旋运动趋势,与区域以往长期构造变形具有较好的继承性;分析揭示出区域NW-SE向拉张构造应力正是盆地内中、东部地裂缝群发的力源机制,而盆地内差异性构造应力场也正是导致盆地东、西部地裂缝发育不均衡的根本原因所在,由此进一步证实了渭河盆地地裂缝的强构造属性,其是由活断层在上述力源机制作用下,以蠕滑形式错断地层使土层破裂而形成的.本文研究结果为盆地地裂缝灾害防治、城市安全建设提供了重要信息.     

低阻区利用地回路标定航空TEM系统的理论研究

本文针对吊舱式航空TEM系统,建立了基于地回路的系统参数标定模型,并分别计算了自由空间模型响应(TLR)、均匀大地模型响应(TER)、地回路与大地耦合模型响应(TELR和TLER).由于TER响应表现为幅度沿测线不变,据此提出通过增加拟合参数的方法实现系统标定,消除了TER响应对标定的影响.TELR和TLER早期响应具...     

汶川地震近震源区地形变短期前兆现象的解析

2008年汶川8.0级地震是我国自建国以来灾难最为严重的一次强地震, 有关震前该区域地壳变形情况引起许多学者的关注。 本文给出了沿龙门山地震带地倾斜及跨龙门山断裂断层水准剖面临震前变化的特征: 汶川地震前沿龙门山地震带分布的康定、 汶川及茂县台地倾斜无明短期显变化; 6个断层水准观测场地, 除耿达场地观测到较大幅度变化有争议外, 其他断层观测场震前均未观测到突出的短临前兆性异常变化。 本文分析了汶川地震前大区域地震活动性资料及震前沿南北地震带显著形变异常点分布特点, 探讨了汶川地震震中区域应变积累过程, 认为近震源区域无显著短期前兆变化现象很可能与震中区域介质所具有的高应变、 小变形性质有关。 另外, 也不排除地形变观测点所处的位置等有关因素。