RPGCA程序的改进

RPGCA程序负责将CINRAD/CD型雷达的archive基数据标准化命名后压缩上传,此数据是新一代天气雷达站的业务考核内容,同时也是雷达拼图、GR2等短临预报软件的必要数据。但实际使用下来发现RPGCA程序有传输时效性不高,系统资源占用较大等弊端。因此,本站使用C#开发了RPGCA改进版,此改进版不仅具有RPGCA程序的所有功能,并且改进了原版的弊端,同时增加了一些实用功能,提高了数据上传的时效性和稳定性。     

EnSRF雷达资料同化对一次强对流天气模拟的影响研究

利用ARPS(Advanced Regional Prediction System)模式和具有流依赖背景误差协方差的集合均方根滤波(Ensemble Square Root Filter,简称En SRF)方法,通过同化多部多普勒雷达资料,对2013年6月23日的强对流天气过程进行了研究。首先对比同化试验和观测的组合反射率因子,检验了同化效果。通过计算均方根误差和离散度,进一步定量评估了同化结果。再对比模式变量,综合分析了En SRF雷达资料同化对模式热力、动力、湿度和微物理量等变量的影响。最后对集合平均场进行1 km的高分辨率数值模拟。结果表明:En SRF能够同化出与观测类似的对流系统,且减弱了南北部的虚假回波。径向风和反射率因子的均方根误差明显减少。En SRF雷达同化能够明显优化模式的初始场,同化试验的回波在垂直方向上范围增加,强度偏弱。在强对流区域,低层的冷池温度最多降低6 K,相对湿度最多增加30%。对流区域的雨水、冰晶和雪的混合比均有明显增加。模拟发现同化试验能够较好地模拟出对流系统的结构和位置。     

Renewed uplift at the Yellowstone Caldera measured by leveling surveys and satellite radar interferometry

 A first-order leveling survey across the northeast part of the Yellowstone caldera in September 1998 showed that the central caldera floor near Le Hardy Rapids rose 24±5 mm relative to the caldera rim at Lake Butte since the previous survey in September 1995. Annual surveys along the same traverse from 1985 to 1995 tracked progressive subsidence near Le Hardy Rapids at an average rate of –19±1 mm/year. Earlier, less frequent surveys measured net uplift in the same area during 1923–1976 (14±1 mm/year) and 1976–1984 (22±1 mm/year). The resumption of uplift following a decade of subsidence was first detected by satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry, which revealed approximately 15 mm of uplift in the vicinity of Le Hardy Rapids from July 1995 to June 1997. Radar interferograms show that the center of subsidence shifted from the Sour Creek resurgent dome in the northeast part of the caldera during August 1992 to June 1993 to the Mallard Lake resurgent dome in the southwest part during June 1993 to August 1995. Uplift began at the Sour Creek dome during August 1995 to September 1996 and spread to the Mallard Lake dome by June 1997. The rapidity of these changes and the spatial pattern of surface deformation suggest that ground movements are caused at least in part by accumulation and migration of fluids in two sill-like bodies at 5–10 km depth, near the interface between Yellowstone's magmatic and deep hydrothermal systems. Received: 30 November 1998 / Accepted: 16 April 1999     

Numerical simulation of ground flow caused by seismic liquefaction

Flow failure of sandy subsoil induced by seismic liquefaction is known to cause significant damage to structures. It is induced not only by the dynamic forces exerted by seismic acceleration but also by the static gravity force in consequence of the topography of the ground. The ground flow may sometimes continue after the end of the seismic loading and finally the ground is significantly deformed to cause a failure.This paper numerically predicts the magnitude of flow that could occur when soil liquefaction continues for a sufficiently long period. It is considered that liquefied soil behaves like a viscous liquid, and hence, ground flow is governed by the principle of minimum potential energy. In the calculation, liquefied sand is assumed to be a viscous liquid that deforms in undrained conditions with its volume remaining constant. To consider the non-linearity due to large displacement, the updated Lagrangian method is used to solve the equation of motion. The Newmark β method is employed to calculate the time history of the ground motion. Finally, a simulation using this calculation method shows that the proposed method gives reasonable results for the conditions indicated.     

区域介质品质因子对地震动参数衰减的影响

本文考虑介质环境表观品质因子,根据美国西部强地震动记录确定了地震动衰减模型中的参数,在不考虑震源机制细节差异的条件下,分析比较了八个地区由于表观品质因子Ｑ值不同导致的地震动加速度傅里叶幅值谱和均方根强度衰减关系的差异。     

黄土场地覆盖层厚度和地形条件对地震动放大效应的影响

针对黄土地区场地条件的特点分析研究了场地覆盖层厚度和地形因素对地 震动放大效应的影响规律。通过对大量实际算例的归纳统计,给出了一种定量评价场 地覆盖层厚度及地形因素影响的经验方法。为黄土地震灾害预防及减轻技术研究提 供了参考依据。     

华北强震地形变及重力前兆特征与孕震机理

通过分析华北地区强震地形变及重务前兆特征,发现震前在较大范围内存在与构造密切相关的动力不过程;在震中区介质状态发生变化。在此基础上提出了改进的组合－硬化模式：调整单元的运动,牵动较大范围构造运动的加及断层两侧深层介质密度变化;应力集中单元由于能量的不断积累,介质出现硬化过程。上述机理形成了前兆的各个阶段。     

新疆乌鲁木齐台地电阻率变化及震兆特征

以乌鲁木齐地电阻率观测资料为依据,在展示其变化特征的基础上,对该地电阻率资料异常变化与近区中强地震及部分远区的大地震之间的关系进行了归纳、分析与讨论。对地电阻率前兆异常形态与地震之间的关系进行了探讨。     

华北北部6级地震前后的地电阻率变化

研究了河北张北等３次６级地震前后地电异常的变化及特征。结果表明,６级地震的地电前兆能显示出０．５ａ左右的趋势异常变化,但台项少,强度弱,分布零散,远不及７级强震前的异常显著。发现个别地震前地电正常年变化形态发生了明显变化,完全破坏了原年变规律,出现了可辨认的异常变化。认为用地电方法在目前实现中强地震的准确预报是比较困难的     

美国罗德河流域地下水中铝形成动力学

In the Rhode River estuarine/watershed area, increased acidity of precipitation from atmospheric acidic deposition has deleterious effects on the freshwater ecosystems. One of the characteristics of an acidic watershed is the mobilization of aluminum from soils to aquatic environment. Increased concentrations of aluminum in surface waters are toxic to living organisms. Detection of long-term changes of acidity and elevated Al concentrations in surface and soil waters is a central issue. In this present paper, the dynamics ofAl speciation in the shallow ground waters from Rhode River watershed 110 (la) were investigated. This research provides a unique, regional analysis of important controls on the transport of Al speciation through the rural watershed of the Chesapeake Bay.