Caesium-137 estimates of erosion in agricultural areas

Sediment redistribution within near-level agricultural fields in the Gray Wooded soil zone of Saskatchewan was studied using the artificial environmental tracer caesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs). the objective of this study was to estimate erosion rates caused by wind erosion, and land clearing techniques (i.e. bulldozing). Net rates of erosion and deposition were quantified over the past 30 years on three fields. Wind erosion was estimated to be approximately 1.0 t ha^?1 y^?1 on a near-level field, with 50 per cent of the sampling sites having erosion rates in excess of soil formation. Bulldozing produced median net sediment flux values of between 40 and 90 t ha^?1 y^?1. in addition, between 65 and 85 per cent of the sampling sites had erosion rates in excess of the maximum tolerable limit (i.e. 11.0 t ha^?1 y^?1). These results indicate significant accelerated erosion results from land clearing techniques used in central Saskatchewan. Bulldozing of the fields removed the LFH-horizon and exposed the underlying mineral horizon. Bulk densitites of the 0 to 15 cm layer in the cleared fields were 27 to 55 per cent greater than the comparable depth increment within the undisturbed forest site. Organic carbon concentrations within the 1930s, 1979, and 1987 fields were decreased by 47, 42, and 37 per cent, respectively following cultivation and bulldozing. Decreases in total nitrogen for the cultivated fields ranged from 33 to 38 per cent.     

基于观测数据的风向传感器故障检测方法设计与应用

当自动气象站观测仪器发生故障或运行性能下降,通常是利用专用设备进行维修和检定,但为安装在十数米或数十米高度的风观测仪器进行日常维护会有较大困难。为提高测风设备的维护能力,提出了基于观测记录的风向传感器故障检测方法。利用全国2009—2011年2420站逐小时极大风速的风向和瞬时风速的风向资料,基于风向传感器的格雷码盘的编码原理,设计了风向传感器格雷码失效故障的检测方法,对全国的风资料进行了质量控制,同时通过模拟格雷码失效后风向变化情况,评估了格雷码失效故障所造成的影响。检测分析结果表明：（1）采用逐时极大风速的风向和瞬时风速的风向资料,可检测格雷码失效故障;（2）格雷码第二至七位出现失效故障的台站在全国所占比例为0.4%～0.8%,格雷码第一位出现失效故障的比例为2.6%;（3）格雷码失效对风向观测数据的质量影响较大,特别是失效格雷码为第四至七位时,甚至会造成风向频率的分布完全失真。     

结合灰度和基于动态窗口的纹理特征的遥感影像分类

在基于灰度共生矩阵提取遥感影像纹理特征的基础上,针对固定窗口算法的局限性,提出了动态窗口算法;并将不同滑动窗口算法提取的纹理特征与影像灰度组合进行支持向量机(SVM)分类,对分类结果进行定性和定量比较分析。实验结果表明:影像灰度结合动态窗口算法提取的纹理特征进行SVM分类的分类精度优于灰度结合固定窗口算法提取的纹理特征的分类精度。因此,提出的算法较传统的固定窗口算法更具优势,是一种有效纹理信息提取方法。