商丹断裂南阳盆地第四纪活动研究

为了研究商丹断裂的空间展布及断裂活动性特征,跨断裂布设了4条浅层地震勘探测线和1条钻孔联合地质剖面。综合分析表明,商丹断裂为一条走向NWW的正断层,钻孔联合地质剖面揭示断裂上断点埋深为13—19 m,最新活动时代为中更新世晚期。     

Adjustment processes of mountainous rivers affected by tilting uplift: Laboratory experiments and a case study of Yakushima Island,Japan

Mountainous river basins are one of the main sources of sediment. Over long time scales, sediment production is sustained by the persistent dissection of river basins, which is promoted by tectonic activity. The response or adjustment of rivers to forcing factors such as uplift is based on the concept of the graded river and a feedback mechanism between the incision and uplift. Although the development of graded rivers under natural circumstances has been discussed for a long time, knowledge about the transition of river basins under heterogeneous uplift is not enough. To understand the development of a river basin with a non‐uniform uplift rate, two simple cases are examined: landward and seaward tilting uplift, where the uplift rate varies linearly in space. For our study, laboratory experiments were conducted and the results were compared with those of natural river basins; two river basins in Yakushima Island were selected for this purpose. In both the laboratory and Yakushima, the longitudinal profile of the river basin under landward‐tilting uplift has a convex‐up zone and a specific knickpoint is formed at the upstream end of this zone. This knickpoint is inactive with respect to migration and incision owing to the insufficient cumulative uplift to the equilibrium state. It was also observed in both the experimental and natural cases that the profile of the river basin under seaward tilting is unlikely to have such a convex‐up zone in the long term, and will instead have a smooth concave profile. Therefore, the spatiotemporal pattern of dissection differs depending on the type of tilting uplift, which suggests that sediment production also varies in time and space according to the type of uplift.     

轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)对沉积物-水界面微观剖面理化参数的影响

水生植物是湖泊生态系统的重要组成部分,沉积物-水界面是湖泊生态系统中营养盐循环的重要界面,因而研究水生植物对沉积物-水界面微观剖面的影响具有重要意义.本文利用轮叶黑藻作为研究对象,研究了来自于香溪河、太湖和东湖3个样点的沉积物及上覆水中N、P等理化性质,并利用微电极研究轮叶黑藻对3种沉积物-水界面微观剖面是否有影响.实验结果表明:轮叶黑藻生长迅速.增长率因沉积物不同而不同,有一定的耐污能力;轮叶黑藻使水体和沉积物中总氮、总磷含量减少,对水体和底泥有一定的净化作用;轮叶黑藻可使水体溶解氧升高,并使沉积物有氧层厚度增加,改变沉积物的氧化还原电位;轮叶黑藻可能改变了根际微环境中微生物的数量和种类,而使沉积物和上覆水中的pH、N₂O和H2S等发生变化.     

综合探测方法在太原盆地东山山前断层探测中的应用

东山山前断层位于太原盆地东部,是盆地北端的边界断层。在多道直流电法和浅层地震勘探初步确定断层位置的基础上,采用钻孔联合剖面探测对断层进行准确定位,并结合年代样品测试确定断层的最新活动时代。通过探测得到:东山山前断层是由三条断层组成的断裂带,长22km,宽约800m。断层上断点埋深约16.7m,错断了中更新世地层,最大断距约23.96 m,断层的最新活动时代为中更新世。此结果修正了前人认为其为晚更新世活动断层的结论。三种探测方法中,多道直流电法勘探只能初步确定断层的位置,采用高分辨率浅层地震勘探和钻孔联合剖面相结合的探测方法是确定隐伏断层位置、判定断层活动性的有效方法。     

重力数据三维共轭梯度聚焦反演及应用

基于共轭梯度算法对欠定线性目标函数进行求解。 为改善目标函数的多解性、 消除多余构造信息影响, 引入粗糙度系数矩阵; 为克服“趋肤效应”, 更好地反映地质体的真实形态, 在模型目标函数中引入深度加权函数; 为更好的反映地质体的某些尖锐构造和边界, 本文对目标函数添加了基于最小支撑泛函的聚焦反演约束。 通过对多种模型的计算, 验证了该方法具有较好的有效性和稳定性, 并将该方法应用于实际重力资料地下密度反演中去, 得到了较好的反演结果。     

Velocity profiles and basal stresses in natural debris flows

The internal deformation within debris flows holds essential information on dynamics and flow resistance of such mass-wasting processes. Systematic measurements of velocity profiles in real-scale debris flows are not yet available. Additionally, data on basal stresses of the solid and the fluid phase are rare. Here, we present and analyse measurements of vertical velocity profiles in two debris flows naturally occurring in the Gadria Creek, Italy. The method is based on cross-correlation of paired conductivity signals from an array of sensors installed on a fin-shaped wall located in the middle of the channel. Additionally, we measure normal stress and pore fluid pressure by two force plates with integrated pressure transducers. We find internal deformation throughout the flows. Only at the very front was some en-bloc movement observed. Velocity profiles varied from front to tail and between flows. For one debris flow, pore fluid pressure close to normal stress was measured, whereas the other flow was less liquefied. The median shear rates were mostly less than 5 s⁻¹ and Savage numbers at the basal layer ranged from 0.01 to 1. Our results highlight the variable nature of debris flows and provide quantitative data on shear rate and basal stress distribution to help guide model development for hazard assessment and landscape evolution. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

海洋密度剖面模型及其适用性研究

海洋密度分层剖面是影响海洋内波生成和演化的关键环境要素,建立密度剖面的参数化模型以描述海洋的密度分布剖面,可以更方便地研究海洋动力环境.在利用当前常用的双曲正切密度剖面模型研究中国南海内波演化时,发现该模型对仅有单一凹向的真实海水密度剖面的模拟效果不佳.以常用的双曲正切密度剖面模型为基础,通过引入一个修正系数,提出了一...     

夏垫断裂东北段地震勘探资料研究

为查明夏垫断裂东北段的空间位置、性质及其活动性,由大厂八百户起向东北方向,经过三河齐心庄至北京马坊镇,以可控震源激发方式,完成高分辨率浅层地震勘探测线7条,长约22 km.各地震反射时间剖面波组特征变化明显,断裂特征清晰,获取了准确的断点定位及断裂发育特征,展现了自八百户经齐心庄至马坊镇延伸约20 km范围内夏垫断裂的...     

CFL 03型风廓线雷达自动标校方法研究

风廓线雷达已经广泛应用于国民经济的许多领域,现在对于其应用已不仅仅局限于风场资料,对回波强度、信噪比、速度谱宽等信息的使用也越来越多。因此,对其开展标校工作就显得非常重要。以CFL-03型风廓线雷达为例,介绍了一种风廓线雷达的自动标校技术,从技术方案设计到信号流程、系统硬件组成,以及对其实现方法进行了研究,并用机外仪器对设备进行了测试,将测试结果和自动标校结果进行了对比,对比结果证明该自动标校系统的精度达到了设计目的,能够满足雷达业务运行要求。     

新疆SCZ17剖面黑碳记录的16~12 ka火灾历史及其驱动因素探究

基于新疆深390 cm的SCZ17黄土剖面的黑碳(BC)记录以及总有机碳含量(TOC)和磁化率结果,并与巴里坤湖孢粉记录的温度数据对比,重建了该区末次冰消期(16~12 ka,对应剖面深度202~274 cm)的火灾历史并探讨了其控制因素。结果表明:1)在末次冰消期期间黑碳通量与TOC变化具有较好的一致性,均呈上升趋势,说明随着植被量的增加,生物质燃烧活动增加;2)BC通量与湿度和温度数据的EEMD结果显示:①在13~16 ka期间,剖面的黑碳通量指示的区域生物质燃烧变化与温度变化存在着近乎同步的关系,而在12~13 ka期间可能由于湿度的影响二者的同步关系不太明确;②χfd%所指示的湿度变化和黑碳通量的对比结果显示,湿度峰值/谷值分别对应着黑碳通量的谷值/峰值,即当气候湿润时,火灾活动频率低;气候干旱时,火灾活动频率高。因此,认为研究区火灾活动倾向于发生在暖干的气候条件下,且可燃生物量可能控制着区域火灾变化的长期趋势,而由温度和湿度变化所造成的火灾活动的次一级波动叠加在这一长期趋势上。