重庆甑子岩崩塌落石动力学特征及危险性分区

针对重庆市南川区甑子岩危岩体面临的崩塌地质灾害问题,分析不同高度、不同规模的危岩体对东侧居民区的落石风险及危害性。以甑子岩处岩质边坡为研究对象,根据其结构面发育情况及崩塌落石特征确定模型尺寸,运用RocFall软件对崩塌落石的能量、速度、运动轨迹、落点位置及冲击力等进行模拟计算。以此对崩塌落石区进行落石风险评估,根据崩塌落石的动量和动能,按最危险原则法将崩塌落石的危险性分区,分为Ⅰ危险性极大、Ⅱ危险性大、Ⅲ危险性一般、Ⅳ危险性较小、Ⅴ无危险五个分区,并将此分区应用于甑子岩危岩体,评价崩子岩危岩体居民区的落石风险及危险性,确保居民安全。通过对崩塌落石区的危险性分区,可以用来指导居民区的安置和防护措施。     

湖北武汉典型地区岩溶发育特征分析

本文在分析以往地质资料和完成的武汉市1∶5万岩溶塌陷调查成果的基础上,从武汉市岩溶发育的形态及规模、不同岩溶条带、不同构造条件、不同地层、不同埋深和不同地貌七个方面,分别系统总结了武汉市典型地区岩溶发育的特征。区内岩溶总体中等发育,岩溶形态主要为溶隙、溶孔以及小规模溶洞;在水平方向上存在5个走向NWW—SEE、各自相对独立的碳酸盐岩条带,其中白沙洲条带岩溶最为发育,在垂直方向上浅层溶蚀发育;各地层的岩溶发育强度依次为P2q>T1d>C2h+d>T1-2j;在褶皱核部或转折端、断层带附近、长江一级阶地、山前补给局部地区等地下水交替循环强烈地带和可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带,岩溶发育相对强烈。结论可为武汉市岩溶塌陷地质灾害防治提供地质基础支撑。     

Collapsing loess-like soil in western Saudi Arabia

Earth fissures have developed at Wadi Al-Yutamah, western Saudi Arabia. The fissues are associated with land subsidence which is considered to be due to both rapid draw down of the ground-water level and hydrocompaction of the wadi soil after flooding. This phenomenon is relatively recent in the area.The wadi soil was investigated and classified in the field, and disturbed and undisturbed samples were collected for laboratory testing and analysis. The engineering properties of the wadi soils were determined, including in situ field density, specific gravity, liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, shrinkage limit, and consolidation characteristics such as total settlement and coefficient of subsidence (collapse).Four types of silty soil of different colours were identified, in addition to yellowish-brown sand (representing the dunes) which accumulated on the surface of the study area. The silty soils include yellowish-brown silty sand, yellowish-gray silt, pale brown silt and yellowish-brown clayey silt. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the clay is mainly kaolinite and illite with minor smectite. The dominant soil type in the study area is silt of low plasticity, high void ratio and low density which decreased with depth. This soil was classified as loess-like materials.The studied soils are of a collapsing type, and settlement is greatly increased by excessive wetting under constant pressure. The calculated coefficients of subsidence (collapse) of the soils at different depths generally increased with decreasing soil density and ranged between 3·1% and 10·8%. The wadi soils are considered to pose a moderate problem when wetted.     

陷落柱伴生断层特征及陷落柱预测

通过对陷落柱伴生断层的分布规律、性质及特征的研究,认识了断层带内煤岩层特征及与周围煤岩层的关系,并以此对陷落柱进行预测预报,取得了较好的效果,该方法便于生产现场推广应用。      

陷落柱中“止水塞”的快速建立技术

论述了通过注浆在特大型垂向导水通道——陷落柱中建立人工"止水塞"的技术与途径,即"止水塞"位置选择、厚度计算、注浆钻孔的施工工艺、注浆施工工艺、"止水塞"检查、完善与加固方法,并通过实例说明该项技术的实用性和可推广性。      

Seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete buildings with discontinuity in columns

Irregular reinforced concrete (RC) buildings constitute a significant portion of the existing housing stock. A common type of irregularity is in the form of discontinuity in the vertical framing elements, which can exacerbate their seismic vulnerability. The design guidelines available in seismic design codes essentially cater to only regular buildings, and the safety of such buildings, even when the other guidelines of the codes are followed, is doubtful. This article evaluates the vulnerability of RC frame buildings with discontinuity in columns designed for modern seismic codes, in the form of seismic collapse capacity, collapse resistance against maximum earthquake demand level, and failure mechanism. The adequacy and limitations of the provisions of the seismic design codes are evaluated for such buildings. Analysis results show that the sequential analysis of buildings considering the construction staged effects, considerably affects the design and hence the collapse failure mechanism of even low- and mid-rise buildings. The results also underline the importance of strong column–weak beam design in the seismic performance of the floating column buildings. The vertical component of ground motion is also observed to be relatively more crucial in floating column buildings.     

陷落柱的地震识别技术及其应用

通过地震资料解释的研究与实践,对华北石炭二叠系中陷落柱的地震识别技术及其应用情况,进行了较系统的分析和总结。这对今后正确分辨和圈定陷落柱具有一定指导意义。地震剖面、水平时间切片和沿层振幅切片、相干体技术、波阻抗反演技术等,在对陷落柱的发育部位及其空间关系的解释方面,各有其独特效果。山西某矿陷落柱相当发育,利用陷落柱的综合地震识别技术进行解释,效果明显。      

长江三峡库区秭归杨林桥镇震群成因

对三峡数字地震台网记录的2016年3—6月三峡工程库区秭归库段杨林桥镇小震群进行双差精定位,通过Snoke方法计算该震群中较大地震的震源机制解,并结合野外宏观调查等方法,分析震源参数的时空变化特征。结果表明:杨林桥镇小震群密集分布在2 km×3 km矩形范围内,有较明显的展布方向,但与邻近的仙女山断裂、九畹溪断裂和天阳坪断裂走向不一致;震群距长江干流超过10 km,与三峡水库无水利联系,无相关性;震群展布方向上有岩溶洞分布,且降雨丰富,初步判断成因类型为岩溶塌陷型。     

IM‐based and EDP‐based decision models for the verification of the seismic collapse safety of buildings

Decision models for the verification of seismic collapse safety of buildings are introduced. The derivations are based on the concept of the acceptable (target) annual probability of collapse, whereas the decision making involves comparisons between seismic demand and capacity, which is familiar to engineering practitioners. Seismic demand, which corresponds to the design seismic action associated with a selected return period, can be expressed either in terms of an intensity measure (IM) or an engineering demand parameter (EDP). Seismic capacity, on the other hand, is defined by dividing the near‐collapse limit‐state IM or EDP by an appropriate risk‐targeted safety factor (γ _im or γ _edp ), which is the only safety factor used in the proposed decision model. Consequently, the seismic performance assessment of a building should be based on the best possible estimate. For a case study, it is shown that if the target collapse risk is set to 10^?4 (0.5% over a period of 50 years), and if the seismic demand corresponds to a return period of 475 years (10% over a period of 50 years), then it can be demonstrated that γ _im is approximately equal to 2.5 for very stiff buildings, whereas for buildings with long periods the value of γ _im can increase up to a value of approximately 5. The model using γ _edp is equal to that using γ _im only if it can be assumed that displacements, with consideration of nonlinear behavior, are equal to displacements from linear elastic analysis.     

新型预制装配式楼盖抗倒塌试验研究

地震及爆炸荷载下的结构连续倒塌问题对人民的生命财产造成重大威胁,是土木工程领域研究的一个热门方向。为了提高新型预应力空心楼板结构的整体性,防止由于竖向支承构件的失效形成楼板的局部或者连续倒塌,对2块新型预应力空心板足尺模型进行四分点静力加载试验,研究新型预制装配式两跨连续楼板的抗连续倒塌能力。试件均由预应力空心短板通过板端伸出U形筋和胡子筋进行对接连接,板侧纵向拼缝通过胡子筋和植筋与边梁的纵筋进行连接,2个试件的计算跨度相同。本文采用在加载过程中突然拆除中间支座,得到楼板破坏形态、裂缝发展、承载能力、应变、最大变形等试验结果。对试件的受力过程、悬索作用机理进行分析,最后得到楼盖拼缝及板侧边梁连接构造的布置合理,新型预制装配式楼盖采用合适的周边连系和横向拼缝连接可以达到理想的抗倒塌能力。