Elevated curing temperature-associated strength and mechanisms of reactive MgO-activated industrial by-products solidified soils

Abstract

Alkali-activated industrial by-products (granulated blast furnace slag, Class F fly ash) by traditional alkali activator (such as NaOH and Na₂SiO₃) serves as a partial replacement for Portland cement in soil stabilization projects and suffers from environmental and technical problems. Reactive MgO – a greener and more practical alternative has recently emerged as a potential activator for slag and fly ash, but its micromechanisms of alkaline activation still need to be deeply investigated for strength improvement of soils. Hence, this study focuses on the strength and hydration properties of reactive MgO-slag and MgO-fly ash solidified soils, especially incorporating the impact of elevated curing temperature. Reactive MgO is proved to be excellent as a novel activator for activation of slag and fly ash, and their activating efficiency increases with elevated curing temperature that helps to remarkably enhance the compressive strength of soils. The major hydration products for reactive MgO-slag solidified soils, detected jointly by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetric tests, are calcium silicate hydrate gels and hydrotalcite-like phases. The primary hydration products for MgO-fly ash solidified soils are magnesium silicate hydrate gels and Mg(OH)₂. That is just the intrinsic reason why the microstructure of solidified soils becomes much denser and the mechanical behavior is significantly improved. The minor carbonate phases such as magnesium carbonate and/or calcite are also observed in reactive MgO-slag and MgO-fly ash solidified soils, depending on the period of exposure to air. The curing temperature and binder amount are proved to be the two major factors governing the hydration process of reactive MgO-slag and MgO-fly ash blends. A higher curing temperature and binder amount can generate more hydration products, but their chemical compositions such as accurate element ratios need to be investigated in the future study.     

硝酸镧为基体改进剂石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定煤样中的铍

应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定煤、地球化学样品、土壤、空气等不同基质中的铍,关键是基体改进剂的选择问题。本文采用一体化平台石墨管,通过缓慢升温燃烧灰化煤炭样品,在硝酸介质中,比较了7种基体改进剂(硝酸镧、硝酸镁、硝酸铝、磷酸氢二铵、氯化钯、碳酸钙、酒石酸)对煤样中铍的增敏效果,同时探讨了基体干扰及消除的问题。实验结果表明,在2%的硝酸介质中,以硝酸镧为基体改进剂,石墨炉灰化温度提高到1100℃,原子化温度仅为2300℃时,即可消除基体中铝、铁、钙、镁、磷等共存元素的干扰。铍的浓度在0~8μg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限为0.008μg/g,定量限为0.025μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=11)为1.8%~2.8%,标准样品的测定值在给定值的误差范围内。其作用机理是镧与干扰元素结合生成了热稳定的难熔、难蒸发、难解离的化合物,将铍释放出来,镧起到既提高灰化温度,又相对降低原子化温度的双重作用,消除了基体干扰的同时,又延长了石墨管使用寿命。本方法操作简单,无需对石墨管预处理,降低了检测成本,具有很强的稳定性和适应性,适用于煤中铍的测定。     

Remanent Magnetization in Portland-Cement-Based Materials

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the possibility of applying one geophysical method to studying untraditional systems as is the case with Portland-cement-based materials. The research demonstrates how conventional paleomagnetic methodology can be employed in studying the mode of magnetic recording in present-day industrial materials. Portland-cement admixtures such as fly ashes and furnace slags should be discriminated, because those particles interact in soils and sediments in nature. Moreover, a better undertanding of magnetic remanent acquisition in model materials can serve to improve the interpretation of magnetic remanent acquisition in natural rocks formed a long time ago. The magnetic constituents of Portland-cement paste and mortar acquire a magnetic remanence due to their alignment with the earth's magnetic field at the casting place. This magnetization can be measured using ordinary paleomagnetic techniques. The alignment of the individual magnetic particles accounts for the intensity of the magnetic remanence, which can be increased by adding water and by vibration before setting and hardening. Blast furnace slag admixtures also add to the enhancement of the intensity of remanence. The magnetization of Portland-cement-based materials shows a near linear relationship with the water /cement (w/c) ratios employed in the experimental work; the w/c ratios range between 0.2 – 0.6 in pastes and 0.3 – 0.6 in mortar. Stable remanent magnetization was obtained during the first seven days of setting and hardening, a period necessary for magnetic particles to become locked parallel to the earth's magnetic field. The stability of magnetic remanence predicts the usefulness of the methodology in studying the properties of Portland cement and particularly in the control of iron-bearing admixtures.     

X-射线荧光光谱法测定高炉渣和电炉渣中8种常见元素

研究了借助熔片法制样,将高炉渣、电沪渣两种基体建于同一组工作曲线。所获曲线线性良好。分析结果与标准值或湿分析值吻合。     

Development of silicon purification by strong radiation catalysis method

Using a new type of solar furnace and a specially designed induction furnace,cost effective and highly efficient purification of metallurgical silicon into solar grade silicon can be achieved. It is realized by a new method for extracting boron from silicon with the aid of photo-chemical effect. In this article, we discussed the postulated principle of strong radiation catalysis and the recent development in practice. Starting from ordinary metallurgical silicon, we achieved a purification result of 0.12 ppmw to 0.3 ppmw of boron impurity in silicon by only single pass of a low cost and simple process, the major obstacle to make `cheap' solar grade silicon feedstock in industry is thus removed.     

溶剂萃取—石墨炉原子吸收法测定地质样品中痕量碲

本文研究了塞曼石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量Te的各种条件;采用甲基异丁基酮于4.8mol/L HCI中萃取Te(Ⅳ)的氯化物;以Rh为基体改进剂石墨炉原子吸收法测定有机相中Te。Te的特征质量为7.6×10~(-11)g(0.0044 A),相对标准偏差为6.51％(2ng Te,n=10)。方法用于地质试样中痕量碲的测定,灵敏、快速、准确。     

抗坏血酸增敏—石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量铊的方法研究

采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中的痕量铊。比较了两种不同的样品分解体系,建立了一种使用HNO_3+HF+H_2SO_4酸消解体系测量土壤中痕量铊的方法,同时探讨了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铊的最佳仪器条件,并对基体改进剂浓度和体积、吸附解脱体系、吸附酸度以及震荡时间等条件进行了优化。该方法检出限为0.015×10^-6,RSD为5.49%～13.42%,方法经国家一级标准物质验证,结果准确可靠。     

云南牟定县戌街晶质石墨矿特征及找矿标志

云南牟定县戌街石墨矿矿体形态多呈层状、似层状,主要赋存于前震旦系苴林群普登组第二段第三层(Pt p2-3)中,矿体产状与地层产状基本一致.矿石工业类型为细鳞片晶质石墨矿,矿床成因属区域(沉积)变质型矿床,地层层位和特征变质矿物组合是主要找矿标志.     

Mineral association and graphite inclusions in nephrite jade from Liaoning,northeast China: Implications for metamorphic conditions and ore genesis

The Liaoning Province in the northeastern part of the North China Craton(NCC) hosts several tremolite jade(nephrite) deposits. Here we investigate the Sangpiyu tremolite jade deposit where the relationship between abundant graphite inclusions within the jade remains enigmatic. We employ petrography, electron probe microanalysis, X-ray-diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy to characterize the tremolite jade and its inclusion minerals. The Sangpiyu jade is predominately composed of tremolite with minor calcite, dolomite, serpentine, titanite, zoisite, allanite, chlorite,apatite, chromite and graphite. Raman spectroscopy of graphite inclusions shows that the D1/G intensity ratio ranges from 0.78 to 0.88 in deep green samples and from 0.05 to 0.23 in dark green samples. The ranges of D1/(D1 + G) integral area ratio for these types are from 0.0548 to 0.3037 and 0.5528 to 0.7355 respectively. The formation temperature of graphite inclusions in the dark green tremolite jade is computed as 549.8 ℃, whereas that for the deep green sample is about343.2 ℃. Our results suggest that the jade formation occurred in a multi-stage process through the action of hydrothermal fluids and metamorphism possibly in a subduction-related setting at moderate to high temperatures.     

山东平度刘戈庄石墨矿地质特征及找矿标志

刘戈庄石墨矿为赋存于古元古代荆山群陡崖组徐村段含石墨变质岩系地层中的沉积变质型矿床,严格受地层层位控制,含矿岩性为石墨黑云斜长片麻岩、石墨透辉变粒岩、石墨透闪透灰岩,变质相达麻粒岩相,经历多期区域变质作用形成。该文采用最新成矿理论,对典型矿床的构造背景、物质来源进行了研究,确定了刘戈庄石墨矿矿床成矿模式,对利用该模式进行石墨矿成矿预具有一定的指导意义。