Crystallization and resorption in plutonic plagioclase: Implications on the evolution of granodiorite magma (Gęsiniec granodiorite, Strzelin Crystalline Massif, SW Poland)

Granodiorite from the Gęsiniec Intrusion, Strzelin Crystalline Massif, SW Poland contains complexly zoned plagioclases. Five chemically and structurally distinct zones can be correlated among crystals: ‘cores’ (25–35% An), inner mantles (40–45% An), outer mantles (40–25% An), resorption zones (35–50% An) and rims (35–30% An). Good structural and chemical (major and trace elements) correlation of zones between crystals indicates that zonation was produced by changes in conditions of crystallization on a magma chamber scale. Plagioclase, being the liquidus phase, records a time span from the beginning of crystallization to emplacement and rapid cooling of granodiorite as thin dykes.

Crystallization began with the formation of inner mantles. The paucity and different sizes of inner mantles suggests slow crystallization in high temperature magma. Normally zoned inner mantles were formed under increasing undercooling. Compositional trends in mantles suggest closed system crystallization.

The major resorption zones were caused by injection of less evolved magma as indicated by the strontium increase in plagioclase. The injection triggered a rapid rise of magma and plagioclase crystals facilitating mixing but also inducing fast, kinetically controlled growth of complex multiple, oscillatory zonation within resorption zones. The ascent of magma caused decompression melting of plagioclase and produced melt inclusions within inner mantles—the ‘cores’. The decompression range is estimated at a minimum of 2 kbar. Emplacement of granodiorite as thin dykes allow rapid cooling and preservation of magmatic zonation in plagioclases. Melt inclusions crystallized completely during post-magmatic cooling.

The zonation styles of plutonic plagioclase differ markedly from volcanic ones suggesting different magma evolution. Zones in plutonic plagioclase are well correlated indicating crystallization in quiescent magma where crystals accumulation and compositional magma stratification may occur. Crystals probably did not travel between different regimes. Resorption occurred but as single albeit complex episodes. Good correlation of zones in plutonic plagioclases allows a distinction between the main processes controlling zonation and superimposed kinetic effects.     

Development of igneous layering during growth of pluton: The Tarçouate Laccolith (Morocco)

We discuss the significance of igneous layering with respect to pluton growth processes. The case study is the Tarçouate Laccolith (Morocco), whose core consists of modally layered hornblende granodiorites with high amount of monzodioritic enclaves, contrasting with peripheral, non-layered biotite granodiorites with low amount of enclaves. Rhythmic layering, with modal grading, cross-stratification and trough layering is associated with monzodioritic layers and wraps around mafic enclaves. Its steep dips ≥ 45° result from tilting that occurred above solidus conditions, as indicated by sub-vertical and synmagmatic granite, aplite and monzodiorite dykes cutting across the layering.The systematic association of igneous layering with mafic enclaves in calc-alkaline plutons suggests that layering originates from recurrent injection of mafic magma. Viscosity calculations suggest that the physicochemical properties of magma alone cannot account for the presence of layering in the central hornblende granodiorite and its coeval absence in the peripheral biotite granodiorite of the Tarçouate Laccolith. Intermittent pulses of hot mafic magma into crystallizing granodiorite likely produced thermal perturbations able to trigger local convection, formation of mafic enclaves and development of igneous layering through protracted crystallization.     

广东龙窝花岗闪长质岩体的年代学、地球化学及岩石成因

龙窝岩体是南岭地区燕山早期具幔源组分贡献的花岗岩的典型代表,其主体岩性为花岗闪长岩,岩体中含有深色闪长质包体,锆石ELA-ICP-MS定年结果表明花岗闪长岩的形成年龄为169.1±2.5Ma,属中侏罗世岩浆活动的产物。地球化学特征上,该岩体铝弱过饱和(A/NKC=1.0～1.1),相对贫碱,富钾(K_2O/Na_2O=1.15～1.45),富轻稀土和大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Cs、Th、U),贫高场强元素(如Nb、Ti)。闪长质包体具有与寄主岩相似的矿物组合,但铁镁矿物含量及过渡族元素(V、CR、Co、Ni)丰度相对偏高,二者的主量和微量元素表现出混合成因的演化趋势。寄主岩与包体具有相近的Sr、Nd同位素组成,I_(Sr)和ε_(Nd)(t)值分别为0.70843～0.70995、-6.53～-8.89和0.70797～0.70882、-4.71～-9.24,均表现出壳幔混源花岗岩类岩石的特点。二元混合模拟计算显示寄主岩与包体成岩过程中地幔物质的混入比例分别为32.9％～40.4％和 31.8％～46.4％。通过对岩石产出构造背景及地质地球化学特征的综合分析,表明龙窝花岗闪长岩及其中的闪长质包体是在伸展-引张环境下,由幔源基性岩浆及其诱发的壳源长英质岩浆混合作用的产物。     

藏南特提斯喜马拉雅晚二叠世酸性岩浆作用及其构造意义

A型花岗岩的岩石成因对于评估伸展构造背景下的岩浆作用极为关键。我们对藏南特提斯喜马拉雅带内的哲古错花岗闪长岩进行了锆石U-Pb定年、全岩地球化学和同位素（Sr和Nd）组成分析测试。结果表明,该花岗闪长岩形成于260.3±2.8Ma,并且被一约146Ma的闪长岩侵入。该花岗闪长岩属于高K钙碱性、偏铝质系列,其A/CNK和A/NK分别为0.74~0.76和1.87~2.72,富集轻稀土元素（LREE）,亏损重稀土元素（HREE）,有明显的Nb、Ta和Ti的负异常,Zr和Hf正异常,ε_Nd（t）值为+1.1~+2.3;岩相学也显示出碱性花岗岩特征。以上所有特征揭示了该花岗闪长岩和A2型花岗岩相似,但其与典型的弧岩浆岩不同,而是与伸展构造背景下形成的岩浆岩类似。哲古错花岗闪长岩的源区是为经亏损地幔物质改造过的沉积岩或变沉积岩,基于本研究数据及已有数据表明,本研究中的晚二叠世酸性岩浆作用是一次与冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂解和新特提斯洋开启有关的岩浆活动。     

冈底斯带加杜早白垩世花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年、地球化学及地质意义

加杜早白垩世花岗闪长岩体侵位最新地层为中晚侏罗世拉贡塘组,后被晚白垩世二长花岗岩及中新世花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩侵入,岩石具高Al2O3、Na2O和低TiO2、MgO、MnO特征,属准铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石(KCG)。在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素分布模式上表现为右倾,在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,富集Rb,Th和亏损Ba,Nb,P,Ti,呈明显与俯冲作用有关的Nb和Ti谷,岩石可能为地幔玄武岩浆在底侵过程中诱发上地壳物质部分熔融形成,岩体在就位过程中分离结晶作用不明显。通过对石英闪长岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得岩石结晶年龄为(127.6±1.5) Ma(n=16,MSWD=0.91),形成时代为早白垩世。花岗闪长岩形成构造背景可能与班公湖-怒江洋向南俯冲有关。     

皖南新元古代花岗闪长岩地球化学特征及构造环境

皖南新元古代花岗闪长岩沿祁门-歙县-三阳深断裂呈串珠状出露。本文在对其岩石学、地球化学细致分析的基础上,探讨了岩体的岩石成因和产出环境。皖南新元古代花岗闪长岩主要由石英、钾长石和斜长石组成,普遍含富铝矿物黑云母和堇青石,副矿物包括锆石、磷灰石、钛铁矿、独居石、磷钇矿、极少的磁铁矿等。地球化学分析数据显示,岩石总体具高硅、高钾、高铝和低钠、低镁、低钙的特征;岩石富碱（ALK=6．63％）,高K2O／Na2O比值（1．33）。里特曼指数δ为0．8～2．91,碱度率AR为1．56～3．14,属高钾钙碱性系列。岩石铝饱和指数（A／CNK-1．31）大于1．1,具强过铝质S型花岗岩的特征。岩石稀土元素呈轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的特征,∑LREE／∑HREE比值为5．36～8．36,具较强的负铕异常（δEu=0．39～0．7）,配分模式为右倾“V”字形态;微量元素明显富集Rb、Th而亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr等,为低Sr高Yb型花岗岩。地球化学特征显示其岩浆源于围岩-中元古代牛屋组浅变质千枚岩的部分熔融,反映陆-陆碰撞挤压造山环境,为晋宁运动晚期华夏板块向北俯冲与扬子板块碰撞造山的火山弧产物。     

Geology and petrology of a deep crustal zone from the Famatinian paleo-arc, Sierras de Valle Fértil and La Huerta, San Juan, Argentina

The ranges of the Sierras Valle Fértil-La Huerta expose natural cross sections through a paleo-arc crust that formed in the Late Cambrian - Early Ordovician Famatinian magmatic arc, northwestern Argentina. Thick mafic sequences of amphibole gabbronorites to orthopyroxene-amphibole-biotite diorites form the lower levels of the exposed paleo-arc section. This mafic unit includes lens-shaped bodies of olivine-bearing cumulate rocks and tabular-shaped sill/dike intrusions of fine-grained chilled amphibole gabbro. The mafic magmas were emplaced into regional metasedimentary sequences at lower crustal levels, corresponding to pressure from 5 to 7 kbar. Gabbronorites likely representing the parental magmas that fluxed into the exposed paleo-arc crust differ from primitive magmatic arc rocks in having somewhat lower Mg-number (ca. 0.60) and compatible (Cr and Ni) trace element contents, and slightly higher Al₂O₃ contents. This difference is taken to indicate that a pyroxene-rich olivine-bearing assemblage with a bulk high Mg/Fe ratio and low Al₂O₃ content crystallized from mantle-derived melts before mafic magmas reached the crustal levels currently exhumed. However, some gabbronorites have incompatible trace element signatures typical of primitive mafic arc magmatism. Igneous rocks to some extent more evolved than those of the mafic unit make up a tonalite-dominated intermediate unit. The intermediate unit consists of a heterogeneous suite that ranges from orthopyroxene-bearing amphibole-rich diorites to biotite-rich amphibole-poor tonalites. Within the intermediate unit, chilled mafic rocks are found as a network of dikes, whereas metasedimentary migmatites appear interlayered as m-wide septa and km-long strips. The tonalite-dominated intermediate unit passes into a granodiorite batholith through a transitional zone that is up to 2-km wide. The boundary zone separating the tonalite-dominated and granodiorite-dominated units is characterized by mingling of tonalitic and leucogranitic magmas, which together appear multiply-intruded by mafic sill/dike bodies. Within the tonalite- and granodiorite-dominated units, the less evolved mafic rocks occur as: (1) bodies tens of meters long, (2) chilled dikes and sills, and (3) microgranular inclusions (enclaves), supporting the inference that mafic magmatism was the main source for generating a vast volume of intermediate and silicic igneous rocks. Mass balance calculations and trace element systematics are combined to demonstrate that tonalites and granodiorites formed by concurrent closed-system fractional crystallization and open-system incorporation of paragneissic migmatites and/or anatectic leucogranites into the evolving igneous sequence. This study argues that the sequence of igneous rocks from Valle Fértil-La Huerta was formed as the result of complementary petrogenetic processes that operated concurrently at different levels of the Famatinian arc crust.     

云南羊拉铜矿床里农花岗闪长岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、 矿体辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其地质意义

位于中咱-中甸板块和昌都-思茅板块之间金沙江构造带中部的羊拉铜矿床,是三江地区的一个十分典型的大型铜矿床。羊拉铜矿床与里农花岗闪长岩体具有密切的成因联系,通过对里农花岗闪长岩体进行LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb同位素年代学和里农矿段KT2矿体中辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年代学的研究,获得2件花岗闪长岩体样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄分别为234.1±1.2Ma (MSWD值为0.66)和 235.6±1.2Ma (MSWD值为0.66);里农矿段KT2矿体中辉钼矿的模式年龄为230.9±3.2Ma。前者代表了成岩年龄,后者代表了成矿年龄,说明羊拉铜矿床成矿年龄稍晚于成岩年龄。上述成果有助于进一步查明羊拉铜矿床的成因类型与并指导找矿。     

江西武山铜矿区花岗闪长斑岩的地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成及成因探讨

武山铜矿床是位于长江中下游地区九瑞矿集区中的一个大型铜矿床.本文对该矿床中与成矿关系密切的花岗闪长斑岩进行了详细的矿物化学、主量元素、微量元素、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究.结果表明,岩体中黑云母富镁,为金云母,其Fe3 /Fe2 组成表明岩浆氧逸度很高;角闪石具有Mg/(Mg Fe)高而Si低的特征,为阳起石和镁质角闪石,角闪石压力计计算表明岩体具有超浅成侵位特征.花岗闪长斑岩具有埃达克岩地球化学特征.岩石具有相对较高的SiO2(64.9%～68.62%,平均66.52%)和Al2O3(14.0%～15.3%,平均14.8%)含量,同时岩石的Mg#很高(0.53～0.71),并具有相对较高的相容元素含量;岩石富集轻稀土((La/Yb)N=27.8～64.5),Eu负异常不明显,岩石同时富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具有较高的Sr/Y比值(35.0～68.2).岩石的初始87Sr/86Sr比值为0.7067～0.7075,εNd(t)值为-4.08～-4.44,锆石的εHf(t)值为-2.1～-7.0.详尽的元素和同位素地球化学特征表明武山花岗闪长斑岩是强烈壳幔相互作用的产物,很有可能是由拆沉的加厚下地壳发生部分熔融,并在其上升过程中与地幔橄榄石发生相互作用而形成的.     

西藏南部谢通门花岗闪长岩锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

对冈底斯岩带中部,谢通门唐河电站花岗闪长岩中锆石进行SHRIMP U-Pb定年,结果为45.1±1.7Ma(始新世),岩体的形成时代相当于印度和欧亚两个大陆碰撞的峰期时间,说明谢通门花岗闪长岩为同碰撞花岗岩。