东秦岭花岗伟晶岩中电气石地球化学特征及成矿指示意义

东秦岭地区是我国重要的花岗伟晶岩区及稀有金属成矿区.电气石在东秦岭各类花岗伟晶岩中广泛发育,通常在无矿化伟晶岩、铍矿化及锂矿化伟晶岩中呈黑色-深蓝色.本文旨在通过各类伟晶岩中电气石的对比研究揭示电气石地球化学特征对东秦岭伟晶岩矿化类型的指示作用.本文所研究电气石为作为东秦岭各类伟晶岩贯通矿物的黑电气石系列.在双峰村、碾...     

辽东宽甸和三家子地区花岗伟晶岩的锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

辽东宽甸和三家子地区辽河群中广泛存在花岗质伟晶岩脉或岩体,对其进行研究具有重要的构造意义。本文对两个地区侵入辽河群中的花岗伟晶岩样品进行岩石学、锆石LA-ICP-MS稀土微量元素和U-Pb定年的综合研究,获得侵入不同岩组地层中伟晶岩的原岩年龄,并对其成因和构造环境进行了探讨。花岗伟晶岩主要矿物组合为石英+钾长石±钠长石±电气石±白云母,中粗粒结构或伟晶结构,块状构造。宽甸地区侵入高家峪组大理岩中的二处伟晶岩样品年龄分别为1842±7Ma和1864±8Ma;三家子地区侵入里尔峪组地层的二处伟晶岩样品年龄分别为1876±11Ma和1871±7Ma,侵入大石桥组的伟晶岩岩体年龄为1802±15Ma,侵入盖县组地层的伟晶岩年龄为1740±8Ma。宽甸地区伟晶岩(年龄1.86~1.84Ga)锆石阴极发光具振荡环带,Th/U大多0.1,稀土配分模式主要显示岩浆锆石的特征,在Ce/Ce*-(Sm/La)_N图解上显示近岩浆锆石区域,花岗伟晶岩脉熔体可能是母岩浆初步结晶分异后的产物,较大保留了母岩浆的性质;三家子地区3个样品(年龄1.87~1.74Ga)锆石微区具低亮度无结构特征、Th/U0.1,稀土配分模式显示热液锆石特征,在Ce/Ce*-(Sm/La)_N图解上偏热液锆石区域,此花岗伟晶岩脉可能是母岩浆高度结晶分异后的残余热液结晶而成,偏热液性质。三家子1个样品(年龄1.87Ga)锆石具弱振荡环带,ΣREE值较低,Eu/Eu*主要介于0.00~0.60,HREE总量低且平缓,显示深熔成因,其伟晶岩脉熔体可能直接来自含石榴石的原岩部分熔融而成的深熔脉体。本文研究的多期次花岗伟晶岩或与辽吉造山带周围1.89~1.82Ga的S型或I型花岗岩和深熔脉体具有亲缘关系,即大部分伟晶岩可能与1.89~1.82Ga的花岗质岩浆作用有关,一部分则与变质沉积岩系的深熔作用有关。从构造环境来看,辽吉造山带在碰撞后的构造折返过程中,从~1.87Ga到~1.74Ga至少130Myr的时间里一直处于伸展的构造机制。在主期花岗质岩浆上涌之后,大量残余岩浆或深熔脉体上涌至辽河群地层中形成伟晶岩的岩脉、岩墙或岩体。     

钦杭结合带成矿地质背景及成矿规律

钦杭成矿带是钦州湾-杭州湾成矿带的简称,具有矿床规模大、矿床分布密集、矿床类型齐全、伴生组分多样的显著特点,是中国地质调查局规划的全国重点成矿区带。钦杭成矿带又称为钦杭(构造)结合带,大地构造位置对应于扬子板块和华夏板块的接合带。研究显示,钦杭带是一条古老俯冲带。它在古生代仍存在洋壳,属于洋陆俯冲体系。中生代构造转换是一个重要的地质事件,它使钦杭带由特提斯构造域卷入到西太平洋构造域中,大地构造性质从华夏和扬子板块之间的板块构造机制为主,转为陆内岩石圈拉张伸展构造环境,并产生巨大的地质效应,最突出的是燕山期岩浆的大规模活动以及成矿作用的大爆发。燕山期花岗岩存在确切的幔源端元信息,幔源物质参与了许多矿床的形成,并为最近钨多金属矿床北拓找矿所验证。钦杭结合带是重要的斑岩铜(钼)矿带,斑岩铜(钼)矿在钦杭结合带北、中、南三段均有产出,它们的主成岩成矿年龄是燕山期,但带有古老俯冲带岛弧体系的基因。钦杭带也是一条古海洋喷流热水沉积矿床密集分布带,VMS型铜多金属矿床和SEDEX型铅锌多金属矿床发育。钦杭带是一条古老俯冲带改造成矿带,古老俯冲带经燕山期改造/叠加成矿是钦杭成矿带的重要成矿机制。     

华东地区燕山期花岗质岩浆与成矿作用关系研究

华东地区是我国重要的钨、铜、铁、钼、金、银、铀、铅、锌等多种金属矿产的产业基地。本文系统总结了华东地区钦杭成矿带和武夷山成矿带等重要多金属成矿带的燕山期岩浆活动与成矿作用的时空演化规律,提出燕山期区域成岩成矿作用可划分为早、晚两期四个阶段。(1)燕山早期早阶段(180~165Ma),以I型花岗岩及埃达克质岩石为主,主要分布在钦杭结合带东段以及武夷山成矿带的闽西南坳陷区内,形成一系列斑岩型及矽卡岩型铜铅锌银多金属矿床;其中埃达克质岩是俯冲板块挤压环境下加厚(或拆沉)下地壳重熔的产物;(2)燕山早期晚阶段(165~140Ma),以S型花岗岩以及钨锡、铌钽矿床为主,主要分布于南岭成矿带,另有少量非埃达克质I型花岗岩;(3)燕山晚期早阶段(145~120Ma),为区域由挤压向伸展过渡的构造转换期,在古太平洋板块斜向俯冲所导致的大规模伸展背景下,产生了S型与I-A型花岗岩共生的局面,其中S型火山-侵入杂岩与火山热液型铀铅锌矿床关系密切;在钦杭结合带东段一线出现A型花岗岩以及伴生的钨锡铌钽矿化,其年龄(135~125Ma)略晚于S型火山-侵入杂岩,在武夷山地区岩石类型则以I型为主,并与矽卡岩型以及石英脉型钨锡铁钼矿有关;(4)燕山晚期晚阶段(120~90Ma),在强烈的伸展背景以及俯冲带向洋迁移作用下,成岩成矿事件集中在武夷山以东的沿海地区,以出现晶洞花岗岩、过碱性花岗岩等高温、浅成、高分异花岗岩类为特征,但金属成矿作用则大多与富钾的I型花岗岩类有关,在多个矿集区内形成大量的浅成低温热液型铜金银矿床。钦杭成矿带和武夷成矿带之间的成岩-成矿时空差异性主要受控于古太平洋板块俯冲过程及基底物质组成。     

花岗岩研究的若干新进展与主要科学问题

花岗岩研究进入到新的时期,需要寻找新的研究思路和研究方法。本文总结了近十年来国际上有关花岗岩前沿研究的新进展,归纳总结了七个方面的主要研究内容,包括:1)地球早期花岗岩与大陆演化;2)源区的不均一性与不平衡熔融;3)岩浆成分变化的同位素示踪;4)壳-幔岩浆混合与花岗岩的形成;5)地壳热带与中酸性岩的形成;6)花岗岩岩体的生长和结晶时间;7)金属稳定同位素在花岗岩研究中的应用。最后在此基础上对花岗岩的研究趋势,建议利用新视角、新方法等着重开展花岗岩源区和岩浆深部过程的精细研究,并揭示花岗岩与早期地壳形成之间的联系。     

The significance of U–Pb zircon ages in zoned plutons: the case of the Flamenco pluton,Coastal Range batholith,northern Chile

Compositionally zoned plutons, both layered and concentrically arranged, provide granitic exposures where the mechanisms and timing of the magmatic emplacement processes can be studied. The importance of in-situ geochemical differentiation and the magma replenishment rates are revealed by geochemistry and field relations, together with the increasingly accurate U–Pb geochronology, which has promoted the knowledge about the pluton incremental assembly theories.The Flamenco pluton, located in the Coastal Range of northern Chile, is part of the Upper Triassic to Early Cretaceous Andean intrusives formed in the western active margin of South America, and present a normal zoned structure with mafic magmatic facies (mostly gabbros and Qtz-diorites) close to the contacts with the host metasediments, and tonalites, granodiorites and granites in the inner areas. A combined study of the field relations, geochemistry and zircon geochronology of the magmatic facies was applied to determine the emplacement sequence of the Flamenco pluton, revealing three distinguishable domains separated by metasedimentary septa. The SW area is constituted by mostly homogeneous leucocratic granodiorites that yielded an age of 213 Ma as the best estimation for their emplacement age. Distinctive geochemical characteristics, such as the absence of an Eu anomaly, the depletion in HREE, or the highest Sr, Sr/Y and Ce/Yb values among the granodioritic facies of the pluton, involve lower T and/or higher P conditions at the magmatic source according to experimental studies. These conditions were established during an early stage of the Andean magmatic arc building that is firstly defined here as Upper Triassic. The NW and E domains of the pluton were sequentially emplaced between 194 Ma and 186 Ma and both the field relations and the detailed geochronological results suggest that the mafic facies intruded latter in the emplacement sequence. To the NW, Qtz-dioritic and gabbroic externally emplaced pulses gave a younger crystallization age of 186.3 ± 1.8 Ma, and promoted the granoblastic textures and metamorphic zircon overgrowths that characterize the granodiorites located in the contact with the intermediate and felsic inner magmas, which yielded a best estimation of their emplacement age of 192 ± 1.5 Ma. On the other hand, in the eastern domain, magma-magma relations are observed between gabbros and previously intruded tonalites and granodiorites. Both the mafic and intermediate facies show two main subgroups of ages that yielded 194.7 ± 1.5 Ma to 188.3 ± 2.1 Ma and 193.1 ± 2.2 Ma to 185.5 ± 1.4 Ma respectively. These differences are related to the variations in the magmatic addition rates, which may extend the super-solidus conditions in the eastern domain of the magmatic reservoir as is confirmed by the wider age ranges yielded by these magmatic facies. Zircon overgrowths in the host rocks yield similar ages (around 220 Ma and 205 Ma) than the oldest results obtained in the intrusive facies, indicating that metamorphism correlates with the initial stages of plutonic emplacement.Geochronological results differ between 9 Myr and 41 Myr in the eight studied samples for non-inherited ages and gave very close mean ages (within analytical uncertainty) for all the intrusive units. However, we examine other characteristics such as zircon morphology, internal structure, geochemistry and statistical data to assess if the scattering of the geochronological data may be related to the different processes involved in the construction of the Flamenco pluton. We concluded that this detailed study of U–Pb zircon ages, including individual and significative groups of analyses, is useful to determine accurately the emplacement sequence and the genetic relation between the intrusive units, together with the evidences depicted by the geochemistry and field relations.     

冀东峪耳崖和牛心山花岗岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年及其意义

侵入冀东马兰峪复背斜的前寒武岩层中的花岗岩体与区内金矿床有密切的空间关系 ,但成岩时代有争议 ,与金矿床的成因关系不明。本文采用SHRIMP定年方法对含有金矿床的峪耳岩和牛心山岩体进行了锆石U Pb年龄测定 ,获峪耳崖岩体灰白色花岗岩的2 0 6Pb 2 3 8U年龄 175± 1Ma ,肉红色花岗岩的年龄为 174± 3Ma ;牛心山花岗岩的年龄为 172± 2Ma。这 3个年龄在误差范围内可看成是同时代的产物 ,属中生代燕山期。这组年龄限定了金矿化年龄的下限 ,表明金矿化发生在中生代燕山中期后 ,但并不能精确厘定金矿化的年龄 ,因为花岗岩侵入后 ,金矿化之前 ,还有脉岩侵入 ,金矿化与花岗岩本身并无直接的成因关系。     

花岗质岩石的片麻理和构造环境

花岗质岩石的片麻理受结晶作用和构造环境田双重控制,岩浆体系的结晶作用与变形作用的时间关系及变形的P-T条件是岩石组构形成的决定因素。     

花岗岩层岩性与水文地球化学指标映震能力的探讨

从岩层的化学组成和矿物结构方面讨论了地壳内含量较多的花岗岩层对地震孕育的作用，通过理论探讨与实际震例结合，分析了孕震过程中可能发生的各种化学变化，指出花岗岩层中水文地球化学指标的映震能力很大程度上取决于岩石中[AlO4]含量的多少。     

胶南桃行超高压变质岩的氧同位素地球化学及其年代学制约

对苏鲁超高压变质带内诸城桃行地区榴辉岩及其花岗片麻岩围岩进行了单矿物氧同位素组成分析和锆石U-Pb定年。氧同位素组成显示出不均一亏损~(18)O的特征。石英-石榴石等高温矿物对的氧同位素温度为600～950℃,指示它们在榴辉岩相变质条件下达到并保存了氧同位素平衡。而部分石英-长石和白云母-金红石等矿物对的氧同位素温度为350～570℃,指示它们在峰期变质之后的角闪岩相退变质过程中达到并保存了同位素退化交换再平衡。锆石氧同位素组成低达-1.3‰～4.2‰,对这种低δ~(18)O值进行锆石U-Pb定年,分别得到762～834Ma的原岩年龄和202～249Ma的变质年龄。因此,桃行低δ~(18)O值锆石形成于新元古代(700～800Ma)的低δ~(18)O值岩浆。这种低δ~(18)O值岩浆是由于变质岩原岩经历新元古代高温大气降水热液蚀变后再部分熔融所形成。对于在角闪岩相退变质之后保存了封闭体系的花岗片麻岩样品(石英-长石矿物对温度为355～405℃),石榴石在榴辉岩相变质温度下达到并保存了氧同位素平衡(石英-石榴石矿物对温度为685℃),指示石榴石中Sm-Nd体系在同样的变质务件下也达到了平衡。因此,花岗片麻岩中石榴石-斜长石-全岩的Sm-Nd等时线年龄215±11Ma与锆石变质边的三叠纪年龄(202～249Ma)一样,代表了榴辉岩相峰期变质后的冷却年龄。而花岗片麻岩中石英-钾长石和石英-斜长石矿物对处于氧同位素不平衡状态,同时钾长石和斜长石相对于样品中其它矿物异常亏损~(18)O,指示在角闪岩相退变质之后体系曾经开放,岩石受到低~(18)O流体在低温和中温下(200～400℃)的热液蚀变。这种奈件下矿物氧同位素的退化交换是由表面反应机制控制,与Nd的扩散机制不同,因此氧同位素平衡无法制约Sm-Nd矿物等时线的有效性。