中天山早奥陶世弧岩浆岩的确定——来自桑树园子一带花岗质片麻岩年代学和地球化学证据

对新疆中天山东段桑树园子一带侵入中元古界星星峡群中的花岗质片麻岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,花岗质片麻岩原岩形成时代为(475.7±1.6) Ma,属早奥陶世岩浆活动产物,同时锆石25个测点中未发现有任何前寒武纪的残存锆石或时代信息.结合造岩矿物组合特征,认为其原岩为中-酸性侵入岩.岩石地球化学分析表明,花岗质片麻岩SiO2含量为62.45％～66.52％,K2O/Na2O变化于1.74～1.99,A/CNK值介于0.94～0.95,具高钾和弱过铝质的特征.稀土分布曲线呈右倾轻稀土富集型,弱的负铕异常,δEu值为0.69～0.76.岩石富集大离子亲石元素Rb,Sr,Ba,K等,亏损Nb和Ta等高场强元素及Ti和P,具Ⅰ型花岗岩特征.微量元素构造环境判别图解表明,花岗质片麻岩原岩可能形成于与俯冲有关的大陆边缘弧构造环境.结合岩石的锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果和区域地质背景,认为桑树园子花岗质片麻岩原岩可能是以干沟蛇绿岩为代表的中天山北缘古大洋向南俯冲的弧岩浆岩记录.     

Trends in the training and employment of geoscientists in Australia from 1967 to 1978

There are now 14 universities and 8 colleges of advanced education in Australia with geology or earth science departments, which comprised 278 professional staff, 2020 undergraduates, and 556 graduate students in 1978. Academic staff, engaged in a wide range of research, represent less than 10 percent of the total number of Australian geoscientists. Almost all non‐academic employers (98 percent of the sample) presently accept a graduate with a B.Sc. (Hons) degree, while 85 percent accept a B.Sc pass degree. About 65 percent of non‐academic geologists work for industry, and the remainder are employed by government surveys and research organisations. Mining and mineral exploration employ 76 percent of the geologists in industry, followed by petroleum exploration with 11 percent. Geologists make up 83 percent of geoscientists in non‐academic employment, the remainder being geophysicists 15 percent and geochemists 2 percent. Information on vacancies available in early 1979 suggests that all the recent graduates would be absorbed by government and industry, and pointed to a resurgence in demand for qualified geoscientists. There has been striking growth in the number of consulting/contracting geological firms, with 65 firms employing 242 geoscientists replying to the 1978 census.     

辽东古元古代造山带花岗片麻岩穹窿:热造山带典型构造样式

中下地壳的底辟上升是地壳中物质运移和热传递的一种重要机制,由这种机制产生的一系列穹窿构造不仅为揭示区域构造环境和构造演化提供了重要的线索,而且还提供了一个了解地壳深部物质流动的窗口。辽东半岛的古元古代造山带内就发育有这样一套花岗片麻岩穹窿构造,为了深入理解这套花岗片麻岩穹窿的成因以及对造山带演化的影响,本文对其不同构造层次进行了详细的构造特点和变形演化研究。结果显示,典型的花岗片麻岩穹窿可分为三层结构:混合岩化的花岗岩内核、发育顺层韧性剪切带的幔部以及含大型构造透镜体的外壳。其中核部花岗岩塑性流动变形发育,并具有明显的交代现象。顺层韧性剪切带的变形环境由靠近岩体的角闪岩相到远离岩体的低绿片岩相,并且没有明显的退化变质特点,拉伸线理具有统一的NW-SE方向。根据年代学数据与区域构造分析,花岗片麻岩穹窿构造是在区域收缩体制下花岗岩底辟形成的产物,其出现标志着辽东古元古代造山带变为一个由垂向和横向对流作用为主导的热造山带。     

皖北地区五河杂岩温压结构及年代学研究

蚌埠隆起位于华北克拉通南部,胶辽吉造山带的南端,主要由凤阳群和五河杂岩构成。五河杂岩的研究主要集中于年代学以及地球化学领域,其变质P-T 条件和地层剖面等研究相对较弱。本文试图从变质岩石学、构造地质学和锆石年代学角度构建朱顶-石门山一线的地壳剖面。通过大量的P-T 条件评价,确定了朱顶单元、庄子里单元和石门山单元之间的区别和界限,其中朱顶单元温压结果为低压麻粒岩相：T=720 ℃～840 ℃,P=0.90～1.33 GPa;庄子里单元温压结果同为低压麻粒岩相,但温度和压力均低于前者：T=700 ℃～820 ℃,P=0.50～0.90 GPa;石门山单元因岩性限制,仅用白云母Ti温度计拟合计算,结果为低压角闪岩相： T=610 ℃～700 ℃, P=0.30～0.50 GPa。锆石U-Pb 定年获得的变质年龄为2 413±22Ma,与前人研究结果基本一致。此外,庄子里地区岩体和磨盘山岩体的锆石U-Pb 年龄晚于2.5～2.4 Ga,因此应属于后期侵入岩,计算剖面厚度时要考虑岩体厚度的影响。研究区的岩层产状在45°～60°之间,按照两个极端值计算（不考虑岩体厚度）时获得地壳总厚度为16 km,结合3 条糜棱岩带的存在,其应属于中-上地壳的物质组成部分。朱顶-石门山一线的地壳剖面,自南向北,以白石山和磨盘山岩体为界,依次为上地壳、中-上地壳和下地壳,温压条件自南向北呈递增趋势。     

锆石形态的定量研究：福州花岗质复式岩体的成岩机制

在浙闽粤沿海地区出露了一系列中生代的钙碱性－碱性侵入杂岩,其中福州花岗质复式岩体为该区最有代表性的岩体。本文试通过该岩体中早期原生锆石的大小与晶型的形态学研究,揭示这类侵入杂岩的岩石学特征及其成岩机制。锆石的形态学研究表明,钙碱性岩系中锆石群的晶体大小及晶型指数随岩体的定位次序而呈现连续变化的趋势,而碱性岩系中锆石群的形态的分布范围与钙碱性岩系的不连续,其Ｉｐｙ值远远大于钙碱性岩系锆石群的Ｉｐｙ值,它们代表了两个相对独立的成岩作用的产物。电子探针分析发现,福州花岗质复式岩体中锆石晶型的演化基本上是由其内部的微量元素含量控制的,表现为锆石的ＨｆＯ２含量越低,它的Ｉｐｒ值越高;而锆石的（ＴｈＯ２＋Ｙ２Ｏ３）含量越高,它的Ｉｐｙ值越高。锆石的形态学和微量元素地球化学特征表明,三个钙碱性岩体各自经历了非常相似的成岩过程,可能属于同一源区多阶段部分熔融作用的产物,而碱性岩体则来源于该区抽取了钙碱性花岗质岩浆以后残留物质再次部分熔融作用而分离出来的熔体,后者的形成显示了该区的构造背景已经由强烈挤压为主转化为引张、减压为主的造山期后的特征     

内蒙古乌拉特前旗白云常合山岩体南接触带金矿成因及找矿远景

对白云常合山花岗岩体南接触带成矿地质条件,成矿规律的研究,指出该带是找金矿的有利靶区。     

中天山奎先达坂一带晚志留世侵入岩地球化学特征及构造意义

中天山奎先达坂一带大量发育花岗质侵入岩,其中,晚志留世侵入岩位于研究区中部东侧,对其开展岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年研究,以探讨岩体成因类型、侵位时代及形成的构造背景,旨在对南天山洋盆俯冲时限,乃至中亚造山带构造演化提供新的科学依据.结果表明,奎先达坂一带晚志留世侵入岩为过铝质、高钾钙...     

早前寒武纪克拉通内的叠瓦拼贴构造

从早期地幔热对流的动力学特点出发,针对早前寒武纪克拉通内的一些有争议的问题进行了解释;认为不少绿岩地块或地体之间,绿岩与花岗片麻岩之间并非是因垂直运动造成的原地不整合接触,而是因大规模水平运动产生的叠瓦拼贴,这一思想将会帮助我们重新认识克拉通区早前寒武纪地壳演化,并进一步指导填图和地层划分以及找矿工作。     

辽宁鞍山-本溪地区中太古代花岗质岩石的成因--地球化学及Nd同位素制约

鞍山－本溪地区中太古代花岗质岩浆作用十分发育,形成了３．１Ｇａ立山细粒奥长花岗岩、３．０Ｇａ东鞍山片麻状花岗岩、３．０Ｇａ铁架山片麻状花岗岩和３．０Ｇａ弓长岭片麻状花岗岩等一系列花岗质岩石。岩石的εＮｄ（ｔ）分别为,立山奥长花岗岩（１０个样品）变化于－１．９６～４．２４之间,平均值为０．７６,东鞍山片麻状花岗岩（５个样品）变化于０．２６～２．７２之间,平均值为１．２６,铁架山片麻状花岗岩（５个样品）变化于－３．８５～－４．８３之间,平均值为－４．２８,弓长岭片麻状花岗岩（１个样品）为－２．５８。结合岩石的常量、微量和稀土元素特征,可以认为,立山奥长花岗岩和东鞍山片麻状花岗岩形成于地壳滞留时间不长的中酸性陆壳岩石的部分熔融,前者很可能有玄武质物质的参与。而铁架山片麻状花岗岩和弓长岭片麻状花岗岩则来自于成熟度很高的早期陆壳物质。由此可以推断,鞍山－本溪地区在中太古代以前陆壳基底就有了相当的规模,并具有很长的地壳演化历史。     

Crustal Evolution of Island-Arc Ultramafic Magma: Galmoenan Pyroxenite-Dunite Plutonic Complex, Koryak Highland (Far East Russia)

Alaskan-type platinum-bearing plutons and potassium-enrichedmafic to ultramafic volcanic rocks are temporally and spatiallyassociated within the Late Cretaceous–Paleocene Achaivayam–Valaginskiiintra-oceanic palaeo-arc system, allochthonously present inthe Koryak Highland and Kamchatka Peninsula (Far East Russia).The compositions of the parental magmas to the Alaskan-typecomplexes are estimated using the Galmoenan plutonic complexas an example. This complex, composed of dunites, pyroxenitesand minor gabbros, is the largest (20 km³) in the system andthe best studied owing to associated platinum placer deposits.The compositions of the principal mineral phases in the Galmoenanintrusive rocks [olivine (Fo_79–92), clinopyroxene (1–3·5wt % Al₂O₃, 0·1–0·5 wt % TiO₂), and Cr-spinel(5–15 wt % Al₂O₃ and 0·3–0·7 wt %TiO₂)] are typical of liquidus assemblages in primitive island-arcmagmas in intra-oceanic settings, and closely resemble the mineralcompositions in the Achaivayam–Valaginskii ultramaficvolcanic rocks. The temporal and spatial association of intrusiveand extrusive units, and the similarity of their mineral compositions,suggest that both suites were formed from similar parental magmas.The composition of the parental magma for the Galmoenan plutonicrocks is estimated using previously reported data for the Achaivayam–Valaginskiiultramafic volcanic rocks and phenocryst-hosted melt inclusions.Quantitative simulation of crystallization of the parental magmain the Galmoenan magma chamber shows that the compositions ofthe cumulate units are best modelled by fractional crystallizationwith periodic magma replenishment. The model calculations reproducewell the observed mineral assemblages and the trace elementabundances in clinopyroxene. Based upon the estimated compositionof the parental magmas and their mantle source, we considerthat fluxing of a highly refractory mantle wedge (similar tothe source of boninites) by chlorine-rich aqueous fluids isprimarily responsible for both high degrees of partial meltingand the geochemical characteristics of the magmas, includingtheir enrichment in platinum-group elements. KEY WORDS: subduction; platinum-group elements; clinopyroxene; trace elements; fractional crystallization; Alaskan-type plutons