Age of granitic activity associated with copper–molybdenum mineralization at Malanjkhand, Central India

The Malanjkhand copper–molybdenum deposit in the Bhandara Craton, Central India, is hosted by a granite complex which consists of regionally dominant grey granitoid and pink granitoid confined to the mineralized zone. New SHRIMP RG data on zircons from both granite types are inferred to have crystallized during the same magmatic pulse at ca 2.48 Ga. The discrepancy between zircon age and earlier obtained Rb–Sr whole-rock age is attributed to modification of the Rb–Sr system by hydrothermal overprint. Similarity in petrographic features and chemical affinity in combination with identical age strongly indicate that the pink granite is the hydrothermally altered variety (microclinization and silicification) of the grey granite. The spatially associated, main Cu–Mo mineralization event at Malankhand appears to be broadly contemporaneous with and genetically related to the emplacement of the host granitoids at about 2.48 Ga.     

The relationship between length and width of plutons within the crustal-scale Cobequid Shear Zone, northern Appalachians, Canada

The lengths and widths have been measured for 69 component bodies of composite plutons along the Cobequid Shear Zone. Plutons on major fault strands, those with mylonite zones >0.1 km wide, exhibit evidence of multiple intrusion of magma batches. Small plutons along short faults in stepover zones appear related to rapid emplacement of magma in bodies 1.5–4 km long by 0.1–2 km wide. Such small plutons show low enrichment in incompatible elements in older component bodies, but increasing amounts in younger bodies as a result of progressive magma expulsion from crystal mush during crystallization and shear-enhanced compaction in fault zones. Wider plutons generally occur along longer fault strands accommodating more strain and penetrating deeper into the crust and show enrichment in incompatible elements. The width of the mylonitic fault zone is about 15% of the width of these plutons. The length-to-width ratio of component bodies and composite plutons varies between 2 and 11. The best-fit line describing these data has a slope of 1.056, which implies scaling behavior between plutonism and tectonic processes. Scalar properties of plutonic bodies are similar to those of faults, but scalar relationships observed in component bodies do not apply to composite plutons.     

Upper Cretaceous Magmatic Series and Associated Mineralisation in the Carpathian – Balkan Orogen

Abstract: The Alpine Orogen contains in South East Europe, from the Carpathians to the Balkans–Srednogorie, an Upper Cretaceous, ore bearing igneous belt: a narrow elongated body which runs discontinously from the Apuseni Mountains in the North, to the western part of the South Carpathians (Banat) in Romania, and further South to the Carpathians of East Serbia and still further East to Srednogorie (Bulgaria). This results in a belt of 750 km/30–70 km, bending from N-S in Romania and Serbia, to E-W in Bulgaria. Using the well established century-old terminology of this region, we describe it in this paper as the Banatitic Magmatic and Metallogenetic Belt (BMMB). Plate tectonics models of the Alpine evolution of South East Europe involve Mesozoic rifting, spreading and thinning of the continental crust or formation of oceanic crust in the Tethian trench system, followed by Cretaceous-Tertiary convergence of Africa with Europe and opening of Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea troughs. The result of successive stages in the collision process is not only the continental growth of Europe from N to S by the docking of several microplates formerly separated from it by Mesozoic palaeo–oceans, but also the rise of mountain belts by overthickening of the crust, followed by orogenic collapse, lateral extrusion, exhumation of metamorphic core complexes and post-collisional magmatism connected to strike-slip or normal faulting. The BMMB of the Carpathian-Balkan fold belt is rich in ore deposits related to plutons and/or volcano-plutonic complexes. Serbian authors have proposed an Upper Cretaceous Paleorift in Eastern Serbia for the Timok zone and some Bulgarian geologists have furnished geologic, petrological and metallogenetic support for this extensional model along the entire BMMB. The existence and importance of previous westwards directed subductions of Transilvanides (=South Apuseni = Mure? Zone) and Severin-Krajina palaeo–oceans, popular in Roman ian literature, seems to have little relevance to BMMB generation, but the well documented northwards directed subduction of the Vardar-Axios palaeo–ocean during Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous is a good pre-condition for the generation, during the Upper Cretaceous, of banatitic magmas in extensional regime, by mantle delamination due to slab break–off. Four magmatic trends are found: a tholeiitic trend, a calc-alkaline trend, a calc-alkaline high–K to shoshonitic trend and, restricted to East Srednogorie, a peralkaline trend. For acid intrusives, the typology is clearly I-type and magnetite–series, pointing to sources in the deep crust or the mantle; however, some high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios recorded in banatites prove important contamination from the upper crust. The calc-alkaline hydrated magmas, most common for banatitic plutons, can be considered as recording three stages of evolution: more primitive – the monzodioritic, dioritic to granodioritic trend (S Apuseni, S Ba–nat, Timok, C and W Srednogorie); more evolved – the granodioritic-granitic trend (N Apuseni, N Banat, Ridanj–Krepoljin); the alkaline trend (E and W Srednogorie, western part of N Banat). Correlating the composition of the host plutons with the types of mineralisation, several environments can be found in the BMMB, function of timing of fluid separation (porphyry versus non-porphyry environments), depth of emplacement, size of intrusion and geology of intruded rock pile, biotite versus hornblende crystallisation, involving the evolution of K/Na ratio in fluids, i. e. development of potassic and phyllic alteration zones: a) non-porphyry environment with granodioritic to granitic magmas, plutonic level, skarn mineralisation prevails; b) porphyry environment with monzodioritic or dioritic to granodioritic magmas, subvolcanic–hypabyssal–plutonic level; porphyry Cu with skarn halo at hypabyssal-subvolcanic level; c) porphyry environment with monzodioritic or dioritic to granodioritic magmas, volcano-plutonic complexes with porphyry copper plus massive sulfide mineralisation at subvolcanic-volcanic level; d) non-porphyry environment with magmas of alkaline tendency, volcanic level, vein (“mesothermal” and “epithermal”) mineralisation.     

甘肃西成地区层状的花岗质岩脉地质地球化学特征及其与金矿关系

西成地区小沟里和三洋坝金矿区发育层状的花岗质岩脉带，其成岩物质既有岩浆热液来源又有地层来源，反映了海西期秦岭裂谷扩张时岩浆热液顺层交代泥盆系岩层的成因特征；层状的花岗质岩脉与石英钠长岩等共同构成了西成地区泥盆纪热液交代，热水沉积所形成的层状交代沉积岩系；层状的岩脉与金矿床的空间关系密切是寻找金矿床的有效岩石标志。     

南秦岭宁陕地区花岗岩类Pb,Sr,Nd同位素组成及其深部地质信息

本文报道了南秦岭印支期（—２００Ｍａ）宁陕岩体群中８个花岗岩类岩体的Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ同位素组成。宁陕岩体群花岗质岩石以低放射成因Ｐｂ同位素组成为特征，初始（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｔ比值变化于０．７０４９５—０．７０９０８之间，εＮｄ（ｔ）值变化于－２．４１—－８．５５之间，Ｎｄ同位素模式年龄（ＴＤＭ）变化于１．２０—１．７１Ｇａ之间，从该岩体群的东部到西部，呈现εＮｄ（ｔ）逐渐降低而ＴＤＭ逐渐增高的规律变化。宁陕岩体群的岩浆源区主要来自于南秦岭的深部地壳，在岩浆源区中，类似南秦岭耀岭河群的基性火山岩占有主要比例，南秦岭较古老的地壳物质仅有少量参与，然而，从该岩体群的东部到西部，这种古老地壳物质参与比例逐渐增高。根据花岗岩对深部地壳物质组成的指示，佛坪穹窿的深部地壳主要由垫托于佛坪群之下的晚元古代基性岩浆物质组成。从该穹窿的东部到西部，地壳深部含有古老地壳物质的比例逐渐增高，由此反映佛坪穹窿的深部地壳物质呈现出东西分带，具南北向构造，这不同于佛坪穹窿地表浅部物质的环形分布特征。     

EROSION CONTROL AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ON UPLAND WATERSHEDS OF GRANITIC REGION

I.FEATURESOFSOILEROSIONINGRANITICREGIONS1.1IntroductionGuangdongProvinceislocatedinsubtropicalzoneandthenorthernborderofthetropicalzone.ThelatitudestCtchesfrom20'07'to25'31'N,thelongitudefrom108'33'tO117'20'E.Subtropicalclimateprevailsinmostoftheprovince.Theannualaveragerainfallis1500-1800mm,withstrongintensityandun-evendistribution.Thedeifyrainfallduringwnhoonstormsmayreach200-300mm:Thetotallandareaisabout178,100sq.km,inwhich25,100sq.kmarecultivated.12,000sq.km,6.7%oftotalP…     

冀西北麻粒岩相花岗质片麻岩中矿物的流体包裹体特征及其地质意义

本文报道了冀西北地区麻粒岩相片麻岩中矿物内流体包裹体的特征并讨论了其地质意义。根据包裹体的形态、赋存状态并结合包裹体ＣＯ２密度的演化，在麻粒岩相花岗质片麻岩的矿物中可识别出四种类型的流体包裹体：１）一相富ＣＯ２包裹体、２）气液两相富ＣＯ２包裹体、３）三相含液态ＣＯ２包裹体，４）含石盐子晶的多相包裹体。不同类型包裹体的特征和密度等表明，该区花岗质片麻岩经历了三个阶段的变质过程。第一阶段，在麻粒岩相变质作用峰期之后捕获了高密度的富ＣＯ２包裹体。在第二阶段形成了两相富ＣＯ２包裹体。第三阶段捕获了低密度的三相含液态ＣＯ２包裹体。这种很低密度的流体包裹体反映了晚期变形和退变质期间的温压条件     

Breeding habitat selection by houbara bustard<Emphasis Type="Italic">(Chlamydotis [undulata] macqueenii</Emphasis>) in Mori,Xinjiang, China

The protoliths of mafic-ultramafic plutons in the northern Dabie Mts. (NDM) (Hubei) include pyroxenite and gabbro. The zircon U-Pb dating for a gabbro suggests that emplacement of mafic magma took place in the post-collisional setting at the age of 122.9±0.6 Ma. It is difficult to obtain a reliable Sm-Nd isochron age, due to disequilibrium of the Sm-Nd isotopic system. Two hornblende⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of 116.1±1.1 Ma and 106.6±0.8 Ma may record cooling of metamorphism in the mafic-ultramafic plutons in Hubei below 500°C. The hornblende⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages for the mafic-ultramafic rocks in Hubei are evidently 15–25 Ma younger than those for the same rocks in Anhui, indicating that there is a diversity of the cooling rates for the mafic-ultramafic rocks in Hubei and Anhui. The difference in their cooling rates may be controlled by the north-dipping normal faults in the NDM. The intense metamorphism occurring in the mafic-ultramafic rocks in Hubei may result from the Yanshanian magmatic reheating and thermal fluid action induced by the Cretaceous migmatization. The geochemical similarity of these mafic-ultramafic rocks wherever in Hubei and Anhui may be attributed to the same tectonic setting via an identical genetic mechanism.     

甘肃北山柳园地区花岗岩类的年代学、地球化学特征及构造意义

北山柳园地区分布大量的花岗岩类岩石,岩石类型有花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩和斑状花岗岩。锆石SHRIMP U—Pb 定年分析结果为:花岗闪长岩的侵位年代为423±8Ma 辉铜山以东(HT-)钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩的侵位分别为436±9Ma 和397±7Ma。该区花岗质岩石都具有大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素相对富集,K、Ni、Ta、P 和 Ti 负异常的特征,属于准铝质到过铝质的高 K 花岗岩。花岗闪长岩无 Sr 和 Eu负异常的特征,ε_(Nd)(t)=-2.5～-0.8,其岩浆源于岩石圈地幔或是软流圈与岩石圈地幔相混合的岩浆熔融,并受到了含有火山弧组分的年轻地壳的混染。钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩具有 Sr 和 Eu 负异常的特征,ε_(Nd)(t)值分别为 1.4、-4.0～-2.0和-2.7～-0.3。HT-钾长花岗岩岩浆主要源于由于岩石圈地幔岩浆作用而导致上覆年轻地壳物质的部分熔融;花牛山附近(HN-)钾长花岗岩岩浆主要源于软流圈地幔部分熔融,可能受到了部分年轻地壳物质的混染;二长花岗岩岩浆主要源于年轻地壳的部分熔融。柳园地区4类花岗岩类岩石都是后碰撞构造背景下的岩浆产物,岩浆形成可能与俯冲板片断离有关。