The miarolitic pegmatites from the K?nigshain: a contribution to understanding the genesis of pegmatites

In this paper, we show that the crystallization of miarolitic pegmatites at K?nigshain started at about 700°C, in melts containing up to 30 mass% water. Such high water concentration at low pressures (1–3 kbar) is only possible if the melts are peralkaline. Such peralkaline melts are highly corrosive, and reacted with the wall rock—here the granite host—forming the graphic granite zone, in part via a magmatic–metasomatic reaction. With cooling, the water concentration in some melt fractions increased up to 50 mass% H₂O. The melt-dominated system ends below 600°C and passes into a fluid-dominated system, the beginning of which is characterized by strong pressure fluctuations, caused by the change of OH and CO₃ ²⁻ in the melt, to molecular water and CO₂. We note two generations of smoky quartz, one crystallized above the β–α-transition of quartz (≈573°C), and one below, both of which contain melt inclusions. This indicates that some melt fraction remains during at least the higher-temperature portion of the growth of minerals into the miarolitic cavity, contradicting the view that minerals growing into a pegmatite chamber only do so from aqueous fluids. We show that the K?nigshain miarolitic pegmatites are part of the broad spectrum of pegmatite types, and the processes active at K?nigshain are representative of processes found in most granitic pegmatites, and are thus instructive in the understanding of pegmatite formation in general, and constraining the composition and characteristics of pegmatite-forming melts. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

The origin of fluoride-rich groundwater in Mizunami area, Japan — Mineralogy and geochemistry implications

The aim of this paper was to explore new factors that might be reasons for the occurrence of fluoride-rich groundwater in the area around a construction site. During the construction of two deep shafts of the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU) in Mizunami city, central Japan, a large quantity of groundwater with high fluoride concentration was charged into the shafts. Chemical investigation carried out during the excavation revealed that fluoride concentrations in the area around the MIU site greatly exceeded those prescribed by Japanese standards. Therefore, the origin of fluoride ion was experimentally investigated. Samples were collected from the core of a deep borehole drilled in the study area. The weathering - and alteration levels of the collected granites varied greatly. Granitic powders were used to measure fluoride content in the granitic rock mass. The fluoride content ranged between 200 and 1300 mg/kg. The powders were reacted with purified water for 80 days. The results of water–rock interaction showed granitic rock to be one of the main sources of fluoride-rich groundwater in Mizunami area. Fluoride concentrations in these solutions that were shaken for 80 days varied between 2 and 7 mg/l. This change may have occurred as a result of the spatial distribution of fluoride ions in the granite mass as evidenced by mineralogical analysis of fluoride content in several specimens. X-ray powder diffraction analysis of the rock before- and after the water–rock interaction tests manifested that the presence of fluorite mineral was relatively small compared to other minerals. The degree of weathering and alteration might be an additional factor causing dissolution of fluoride-rich minerals. However, it was difficult to interpret the change in fluorite composition by X-ray diffraction analysis.     

辽南变质核杂岩饮马湾山和赵房岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

辽南变质核杂岩形成于晚中生代华北岩石圈伸展和减薄背景下,其演化过程分为三个阶段：第一阶段（约130Ma）,在伸展作用下辽南地区发育拆离断层及其下伏韧性剪切带;第二阶段（130~120Ma）,同构造花岗质岩体的主动侵位影响了拆离断层的演化;同时在124Ma变质核杂岩的构造-岩浆活动达到峰值;第三阶段（113Ma之后）花岗质岩体在较浅层次侵位于停止活动的拆离断层带。辽南变质核杂岩发育与演化过程在年代学意义上揭示了华北板块晚中生代时期的区域性岩石圈伸展与减薄过程。本文认为由伸展后期侵位的赵房岩体所记录的拆离断层停止的时限（113Ma）可以作为华北岩石圈强烈构造岩浆活动的转捩点,113Ma之前华北板块广泛发育变质核杂岩、拉分盆地等一系列伸展构造,之后则以平稳的隆升和冷却过程为主。     

碧口地块麻山、木皮岩体岩石地球化学与地质年代学:对构造属性的指示意义

对侵位于康县断层南侧青川-平武断层北侧碧口地块中的麻山和木皮岩体进行了系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素研究。锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄分析表明木皮岩体的形成时代为226±2Ma。麻山和木皮岩体分别由二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩组成,岩石为过铝质,主量元素特征为SiO2≥56%,Al2O3≥15%和MgO3%。岩石具有较高的Sr(578×10-6～1146×10-6)和较低的Yb(0.4×10-6～0.9×10-6)含量,Sr/Y比值介于69～139之间。岩石显示右倾的REE配分型式和弱的负Eu异常,(La/Yb)N比值为12～36。这些地球化学特征表明麻山和木皮岩体可能主要是由埃达克质岩石组成。岩石较高的ISr(0.706～0.705)和较低的εNd值(-6.5～-9.4)表明这些埃达克质岩石可能是加厚下地壳物质部分熔融的结果。麻山和木皮岩体的地球化学特征及年龄与勉-略缝合带北侧光头山等岩体一致,表明这些岩体可能代表了秦岭造山带南部晚三叠世造山加厚地壳条件下的产物,因此碧口地块可能属于南秦岭造山带,并推测麻山和木皮岩体及所在的碧口地块可能是印支期加厚的下地壳韧性流壳层向SW方向斜向挤出的结果。     

柴北缘大陆深俯冲板片折返过程中的深熔作用研究

柴北缘锡铁山地区长英质（花岗）片麻岩普遍经历了不同程度的部分熔融作用,常见新生的花岗质浅色体呈层状、脉状或网络状分布于长英质片麻岩中,并显示出混合岩化的特征。岩相学观察结果显示长英质片麻岩保留了关键的深熔作用显微结构证据:（1）石榴石内部发育有钾长石、石英和斜长石组成的矿物包裹体;（2）长石颗粒边界出现由石英+钾长石±斜长石±白云母组成的楔形矿物集合体;（3）云母颗粒边界发育尖锐的、不规则的微斜长石,而且云母边界溶蚀明显,形成锯齿状不规则的边界;（4）石英、斜长石或钾长石颗粒边界发育圆珠状（stringofbeads）结构,而且颗粒边界或三联点中尖锐状微斜长石与周围矿物的形成较小的二面角。阴极发光图像和锆石U-Pb定年结果表明花岗质浅色体中的锆石具有明显的核、幔、边三层结构,而且具有明显不同的年龄结果。发光较强的继承性锆石岩浆核部的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄约为~910Ma,而且具有高的Th/U比值;弱发光的变质锆石幔的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄结果约为~450Ma。新生的锆石增生边中等程度发光,并发育震荡环带和较低的Th/U比值,与世界典型地区混合岩中深熔锆石的特征十分相似,其²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄结果为432±3Ma。野外关系、显微结构特征和年代学的研究结果显示柴北缘锡铁山地区花岗质浅色体可能是其寄主岩石长英质片麻岩在折返到高压麻粒岩相条件下深熔作用的产物,而且白云母的脱水熔融是引发岩石发生深熔作用的主要机制。柴北缘地区已有的资料综合研究表明,大陆深俯冲板片在俯冲/碰撞和折返过程中可能经历了多重深熔作用。     

陆内穿地壳岩浆系统及其去气作用和环境效应SCIEI北大核心CSCD

岩浆作用是联系地球深部与表层碳储库的桥梁,是全球碳循环的重要一环。揭示岩浆作用与碳循环之间的关系对理解地球系统演化过程中的环境效应和气候变化有重要意义。本文综述了前人在岩浆系统研究的重要进展,介绍了陆内穿地壳岩浆系统,梳理了从幔源岩浆底侵和地壳熔融,到岩浆上升、累积、混合、分异直至喷出等物理化学过程,构建了地壳岩浆活动的统一框架。岩浆过程同时控制着挥发分行为,岩浆自身的去气作用将地球深部挥发分带到地表,而接触热变质作用可改造围岩并将其中的碳脱出。基于穿地壳岩浆系统,本文系统阐述了岩浆挥发分的来源、组成、行为,及其释放到大气中对气候与环境产生的潜在影响。尤其是针对中国华南地区分布的大量陆内中生代的侵入岩和火山岩,结合同期广泛分布的巨厚碳酸盐岩,介绍和展望了陆内岩浆系统和去气作用的联系及环境效应,提出该时期的岩浆活动及其与碳酸盐岩的反应很可能对局部乃至全球的气候造成了显著的影响,该领域有较大研究潜力。     

A-type granites induced by a breaking-off and delamination of the subducted Junggar oceanic plate,West Junggar,Northwest China

The A-type granites with highly positive ε_Nd(t) values in the West Junggar, Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), have long been perceived as a group formed under the same tectonic and geodynamic setting, magmatic sourceq and petrogenetic model. Geological evidence shows that these granites occurred at two different tectonic units related to the southeastern subduction of Junggar oceanic plate: the Hongshan and Karamay granites emplaced in the southeast of West Junggar in the Baogutu continental arc; whereas the Akebasitao and Miaoergou granites formed in the accretionary prism. Here the authors present new bulk-rock geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes, zircon U-Pb ages and Hf-O isotopes data on these granites. The granites in the Baogutu continental arc and accretionary prism contain similar zircon ε_Hf(t) values (+10.9 to +16.2) and bulk-rock geochemical characteristics (high SiO₂ and K₂O contents, enriched LILEs (except Sr), depleted Sr, Ta and Ti, and negative anomalies in Ce and Eu). The Hongshan and Karamay granites in the Baogutu continental arc have older zircon U-Pb ages (315–305 Ma) and moderate ¹⁸O enrichments (δ¹⁸O_zircon=+6.41‰–+7.96‰); whereas the Akebasitao and Miaoergou granites in the accretionary prism have younger zircon U-Pb ages (305–301 Ma) with higher ¹⁸O enrichments (δ¹⁸O_zircon=+8.72‰–+9.89‰). The authors deduce that the elevated ¹⁸O enrichments of the Akebasitao and Miaoergou granites were probably inherited from low-temperature altered oceanic crusts. The Akebasitao and Miaoergou granites were originated from partial melting of low-temperature altered oceanic crusts with juvenile oceanic sediments below the accretionary prism. The Hongshan and Karamay granites were mainly derived from partial melting of basaltic juvenile lower crust with mixtures of potentially chemical weathered ancient crustal residues and mantle basaltic melt (induced by hot intruding mantle basaltic magma at the bottom of the Baogutu continental arc). On the other hand, the Miaoergou charnockite might be sourced from a deeper partial melting reservoir under the accretionary prism, consisting of the low-temperature altered oceanic crust, juvenile oceanic sediments, and mantle basaltic melt. These granites could be related to the asthenosphere’s counterflow and upwelling, caused by the break-off and delamination of the subducted oceanic plate beneath the accretionary prism Baogutu continental arc in a post-collisional tectonic setting.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Petrogenesis and metallogenic implications for the Machang,Huangdaoshan, and Tuncang plutons in eastern Anhui: an integrated age,petrologic, and geochemical study

ABSTRACT

The Tuncang–Chuzhou–Machang area (eastern Anhui province) is geologically located in the intersection between the Yangtze block and the Qinling–Dabie orogenic belt. Many Mesozoic plutons outcrop in this district that are Cu–Au prospective but inadequately studied. We report new LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb ages, petrologic, and whole rock geochemical data for three representative plutons at Machang, Huangdaoshan, and Tuncang. New dating results suggest that all the Machang (129.3 ± 1.6 Ma), Huangdaoshan (129 ± 1.7 Ma), and Tuncang (130.8 ± 1.9 Ma) plutons were emplaced in the Early Cretaceous, slightly older than other plutons in neighbourhood of the Zhangbaling uplift. The three plutons contain typical low-Mg adakitic affinities, in which the rocks contain SiO₂ >56%, Al₂O₃ ≥15%, Mg# <53, elevated Sr, Ba, Cr, Ni, Sr/Y, and La/Yb, low Y and Yb and no discernible Eu anomaly. Their petrogenesis may have been related to the delamination and partial melting of the lower crust, which is different from the Chuzhou pluton, which was interpreted to have formed by partial melting of the subducted slabs. We suggest that this petrogenetic difference may explain why the pluton at Chuzhou is Cu–Au fertile, whereas those at Machang, Huangdaoshan, and Tuncang are largely barren. It is proposed that adakitic plutons formed by partial melting of the subducted slabs have high metallogenetic potentiality in the area.     

壳型剪切带中金矿预测参数

本文设想把华北陆台北缘前寒武纪变质岩区韧性剪切变形-变质带中金矿成矿作用做为区域变质作用-构造作用-岩浆作用旋回中的一部分。这类金矿主要形成在这一旋回的晚期,变质地质体被抬升的阶段,并就位于低温韧-脆性变形变质带中,属于各种内动力地质作用的综合产物。分析韧性剪切变形-变质带(DDMZ)内金矿成矿过程中的这种多因素、多阶段的各种信息,我们提出如下参数:区域性参数富铁质变质岩石组合和壳型剪切带;最佳区段参数—低温韧-脆性变形-变质带和弱碱性钾质花岗岩;金矿化带参数—岩石-流体交代带。其目的是明确找矿目标,提高金矿预测有效性。