玉树台FHD地磁观测场地勘选

地震前兆观测是地震科学研究主要基础数据的来源,因此建立一个完整的、多学科的地震前兆台站是非常必要的。对玉树地震台FHD地磁观测场地勘选过程,磁场梯度测试等工作进行总结分析。     

Tight dual models of pore spaces

The pore throats in a porous medium control permeability, drainage, and straining through their pore scale geometry and through the way they are connected via pore bodies on the macroscale. Likewise, imbibition is controlled through the geometry of the pore bodies (pore scale) and through the way the pore bodies are connected via pore throats on the macroscale. In an effort to account for both scales at the same time we recently introduced an image-based model for pore spaces that consists of two parts related by duality: (1) a decomposition of a polyhedral pore space into polyhedral pore bodies separated by polygonal pore throats and (2) a polygonal pore network that is homotopy equivalent to the pore space. In this paper we stick to the dual concept while amending the definition of the pore throats and, as a consequence, the other elements of the dual model. Formerly, the pore throats consisted of single two-dimensional Delaunay cells, while they now usually consist of more than one two-dimensional Delaunay cell and extend all the way into the narrowing ends of the pore channel cross sections. This is the first reason for naming the amended dual model “tight”. The second reason is that the formation of the pore throats is now guided by an objective function that always attains its global optimum (tight optimization). At the end of the paper we report on simulations of drainage performed on tight dual models derived from simulated sphere packings and 3D gray-level images. The C-code for the generation of the tight dual model and the simulation of drainage is publicly available at https://jshare.johnshopkins.edu/mhilper1/public_html/tdm.html.     

温州市围填海存量资源梯度开发适宜性评价

为提高滩涂资源的集约节约利用程度,充分发挥围填海存量资源的综合效益,本研究提出围填海存量资源梯度开发模式,从集约节约用海情况、区位条件、社会经济条件和资源环境条件4个方面构建围填海存量资源梯度开发适宜性评价指标体系,并对温州9个区域用海规划区开展梯度开发适宜性评价。结果表明:瑞安市丁山三期西片高涂围垦养殖用海规划等4个区域适宜开展围填海梯度开发。研究结果可为温州市优化围填海空间布局,推动围填海开发活动科学有序地发展,促进地方经济社会可持续发展提供建议与参考。     

确定卫星与接收机信号延迟偏差的新方法及其应用

单频ＧＰＳ接收机用户通常需要进行电离层延迟改正,电离层延迟改正量通常来源于电离层延迟改正模型或双频ＧＰＳ基准站信息,后者即是利用双频ＧＰＳ观测值估计电子含量总数,求解电离层延迟改正量。利用双频ＧＰＳ观测值估计电子含量总数,一个关键总是是去掉卫星与接收信号延迟偏差。     

乌鲁木齐地磁台环境磁场梯度测量及分析

使用高灵敏度的Ｇ８５６,ＤＴＺ－２型核子旋进式磁力仪,对乌鲁木齐地磁台１９９个测点的磁场梯度进行了复测,经过严格的数据校正处理,重新作出了ΔＦ等磁力线图,并分析讨论了台站院内环境磁场的变化特征,测量结果表明;乌鲁木齐地磁台仍处于磁场正常区,工作环境符合《地磁台站观测规范》要求。     

陆面上总体输送系数的特征

利用气象铁塔的风、温梯度资料，对陆面上近地层湍流拖曳系数ＣＤ和总体输送系数ＣＨ（或ＣＥ）的大小和日变化规律进行研究。发现陆面上较粗糙的地表，ＣＤ和ＣＨ可以比海面上大一个量级左右。而且存在着明显的日变化。它们对地表面动力粗糙度变化的反应较敏感。本工作为气候及大气环流模式研究中陆面参数化过程提供了重要依据。     

植被微气象的数值模拟

综合考虑梯度输送和阵性穿透作用，并对植被上方的过渡层作适当处理，提出了植被微气象的一阶闭合模型。它对温、湿、风等物理量垂直分布的模拟精度良好。引用系统优化理论和方法，对模型中参数作多维非线性搜索，结果客观可靠。由于植物本身的调节适应能力和反馈作用，大气与植被间的动量与水热交换机制和过程不尽相同。在动量输送过程中，梯度产生项和阵性穿透皆不可忽视，尤其在群体下部，更为重要；而在热量和水分输送过程中，阵性穿透作用在低矮密集植被中的贡献甚微，梯度产生项起主导作用。     

THE USE OF SHEAR GRADIENT VORTICITY IN TROPICAL CYCLONE HEAVY PRECIPITATION PREDICTION: A HIGH-RESOLUTION NUMERICAL CASE STUDY

This study introduces a new dynamical quantity, shear gradient vorticity (SGV), which is defined as vertical wind shear multiplying the horizontal component of vorticity gradient, aiming to diagnose heavy precipitation induced by some strong convective weather systems. The vorticity gradient component can be used to study the collision or merging process between different vortexes or the deformation of a vortex with a sharp vorticity gradient. Vertical wind shear, another contributed component of SGV, always represents the environmental dynamical factor in meteorology. By the combined effect of the two components, overall, SGV can represent the interaction between the environmental wind shear and the evolution of vortexes with a large vorticity gradient. Other traditional vorticity-like dynamical quantities (such as helicity) have the limitation in the diagnosis of the convection, since they do not consider the vorticity gradient. From this perspective, SGV has the potential to diagnose some strong convective weather processes, such as Extratropical Transition (ET) of tropical cyclones and the evolution of multicell storms. The forecast performance of SGV for the numerical ET case of Typhoon Toraji (0108) has been evaluated. Compared with helicity, SGV has shown a greater advantage to forecast the distribution of heavy precipitation more accurately, especially in the frontal zone.     

共轭梯度法在新井参数设计中的应用

通常情况下,含水层的参数可分别借助于Dupuit和Theis井流公式,在局部地段利用稳定流和非稳定流抽水试验获得.在新井设计阶段,一般是依据现有参照井数据进行线性或非线性插值计算,但插值受插值表的约束,效率不高.本次研究采用2次优化方法,用网格法确定所求参数最优估计值作为下一步的叠代初值.用共轭梯度法逐步逼近所求参数的精确解,高效地利用参照井的基本数据得到了精度较高的新井参数,为准确地设计新井提供可靠的依据,实地应用效果良好.     

氨氮污染源区包气带剖面微生物生态分布特征的研究

包气带土壤中氨氮污染迁移规律已成为近年来国内外学者研究的重点,目前在氨氮污染迁移规律研究中采用柱实验模拟以及软件模拟的方法较多,土壤生物技术则广泛应用于污染物降解领域,而在污染物迁移规律研究中应用较少。本文采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术、16S rRNA序列分析技术以及典范对应分析相结合,对华北平原3个典型氨氮污染区土壤表层至包气带剖面微环境的细菌垂直分布特征及群落结构进行研究。结合污染区土壤理化性质分析,认为包气带土壤剖面的细菌群落中存在着与氮循环、硫酸盐代谢等过程偶联的优势细菌类群,说明土壤微环境中细菌群落分布明显受氨态氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和硫酸盐的分布影响,进一步表明污染土壤优势菌群的群落结构信息是描述包气带土壤环境氨氮污染物迁移规律的重要参数。