共轭梯度法在新井参数设计中的应用

通常情况下,含水层的参数可分别借助于Dupuit和Theis井流公式,在局部地段利用稳定流和非稳定流抽水试验获得.在新井设计阶段,一般是依据现有参照井数据进行线性或非线性插值计算,但插值受插值表的约束,效率不高.本次研究采用2次优化方法,用网格法确定所求参数最优估计值作为下一步的叠代初值.用共轭梯度法逐步逼近所求参数的精确解,高效地利用参照井的基本数据得到了精度较高的新井参数,为准确地设计新井提供可靠的依据,实地应用效果良好.     

温州市围填海存量资源梯度开发适宜性评价

为提高滩涂资源的集约节约利用程度,充分发挥围填海存量资源的综合效益,本研究提出围填海存量资源梯度开发模式,从集约节约用海情况、区位条件、社会经济条件和资源环境条件4个方面构建围填海存量资源梯度开发适宜性评价指标体系,并对温州9个区域用海规划区开展梯度开发适宜性评价。结果表明:瑞安市丁山三期西片高涂围垦养殖用海规划等4个区域适宜开展围填海梯度开发。研究结果可为温州市优化围填海空间布局,推动围填海开发活动科学有序地发展,促进地方经济社会可持续发展提供建议与参考。     

基于QHAdam梯度优化算法的最小二乘逆时偏移

最小二乘逆时偏移(LSRTM)通常基于梯度类算法, 经过几十次甚至上百次的迭代得到最终的成像剖面, 然而常规最小二乘逆时偏移其在迭代过程中, 所求梯度通常不做优化处理, 导致最小二乘逆时偏移的收敛效率和成像精度不高, 并且每次迭代的模型更新处理还需付出1~2次的波场延拓计算代价来获取迭代步长.本文将深度学习中的优化算法QHAdam引入到传统时间域最小二乘逆时偏移计算中, 可在付出极小计算代价的前提下, 直接获得优化的模型更新量, 同时避免了迭代步长的求取.Marmousi模型实验结果显示, 相比于常规最小二乘逆时偏移算法, 基于QHAdam梯度优化算法的最小二乘逆时偏移其收敛效率和成像精度更高, 且由于减少了迭代步长的求取步骤, 其也具有更高的计算效率; 相对于基于Adam算法最小二乘逆时偏移, 本文方法也具有更高的收敛效率和收敛精度.

     

Tight dual models of pore spaces

The pore throats in a porous medium control permeability, drainage, and straining through their pore scale geometry and through the way they are connected via pore bodies on the macroscale. Likewise, imbibition is controlled through the geometry of the pore bodies (pore scale) and through the way the pore bodies are connected via pore throats on the macroscale. In an effort to account for both scales at the same time we recently introduced an image-based model for pore spaces that consists of two parts related by duality: (1) a decomposition of a polyhedral pore space into polyhedral pore bodies separated by polygonal pore throats and (2) a polygonal pore network that is homotopy equivalent to the pore space. In this paper we stick to the dual concept while amending the definition of the pore throats and, as a consequence, the other elements of the dual model. Formerly, the pore throats consisted of single two-dimensional Delaunay cells, while they now usually consist of more than one two-dimensional Delaunay cell and extend all the way into the narrowing ends of the pore channel cross sections. This is the first reason for naming the amended dual model “tight”. The second reason is that the formation of the pore throats is now guided by an objective function that always attains its global optimum (tight optimization). At the end of the paper we report on simulations of drainage performed on tight dual models derived from simulated sphere packings and 3D gray-level images. The C-code for the generation of the tight dual model and the simulation of drainage is publicly available at https://jshare.johnshopkins.edu/mhilper1/public_html/tdm.html.     

山门银矿床物化探勘查效果及标志

本文着重阐述了山门银矿床地球物理、地球化学特征及物化探勘查效果。建立了山门锻矿床平面的物化探找矿标志和卧龙、龙王剖面的物化探找矿标志。总结了物化探方法与地质互相配合综合找矿的有效性。     

Geophysical signatures of uranium mineralization and its subsurface validation at Beldih,Purulia District,West Bengal,India: a case study

The Beldih open cast mine of the South Purulia Shear Zone in Eastern India is well known for apatite deposits associated with Nb–rare‐earth‐element–uranium mineralization within steeply dipping, altered ferruginous kaolinite and quartz–magnetite–apatite rocks with E–W strikes at the contact of altered mafic–ultramafic and granite/quartzite rocks. A detailed geophysical study using gravity, magnetic, and gradient resistivity profiling surveys has been carried out over ～1 km² area surrounding the Beldih mine to investigate further the dip, depth, lateral extension, and associated geophysical signatures of the uranium mineralization in the environs of South Purulia Shear Zone. The high‐to‐low transition zone on the northern part and high‐to‐low anomaly patches on the southeastern and southwestern parts of the Bouguer, reduced‐to‐pole magnetic, and trend‐surface‐separated residual gravity–magnetic anomaly maps indicate the possibility of highly altered zone(s) on the northern, southeastern, and southwestern parts of the Beldih mine. The gradient resistivity survey on either side of the mine has also revealed the correlation of low‐resistivity anomalies with low‐gravity and moderately high magnetic anomalies. In particular, the anomalies and modeled subsurface features along profile P6 perfectly match with subsurface geology and uranium mineralization at depth. Two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional residual gravity models along P6 depict the presence of highly altered vertical sheet of low‐density material up to a depth of ～200 m. The drilling results along the same profile confirm the continuation of uranium mineralization zone for the low‐density material. This not only validates the findings of the gravity model but also establishes the geophysical signatures for uranium mineralization as low‐gravity, moderate‐to‐high magnetic, and low‐resistivity values in this region. This study enhances the scope of further integrated geophysical investigations along the South Purulia Shear Zone to delineate suitable target areas for uranium exploration.     

位场梯度模法及其在碳酸盐岩地区断裂识别中的应用

本文介绍了一种利用住场梯度模识别断裂位置的方法.利用余弦变换在位场转换中快速计算的优势在波教域计算异常各分量导数,从而在测量面或下延深度面可快速计算出位场梯度模,对位场梯度模设立阚值,压的制无效梯度模值,放大有效梯度模值,自动搜索追踪边界位王,能增加断裂识别的准确性.通过模型试验,证明了这种效果.利用这种方法,计算了南方某碳酸盐岩地区的基底磁异常梯度模,识别出了该区的主要断裂分布.     

植被微气象的数值模拟

综合考虑梯度输送和阵性穿透作用，并对植被上方的过渡层作适当处理，提出了植被微气象的一阶闭合模型。它对温、湿、风等物理量垂直分布的模拟精度良好。引用系统优化理论和方法，对模型中参数作多维非线性搜索，结果客观可靠。由于植物本身的调节适应能力和反馈作用，大气与植被间的动量与水热交换机制和过程不尽相同。在动量输送过程中，梯度产生项和阵性穿透皆不可忽视，尤其在群体下部，更为重要；而在热量和水分输送过程中，阵性穿透作用在低矮密集植被中的贡献甚微，梯度产生项起主导作用。     

玉树台FHD地磁观测场地勘选

地震前兆观测是地震科学研究主要基础数据的来源,因此建立一个完整的、多学科的地震前兆台站是非常必要的。对玉树地震台FHD地磁观测场地勘选过程,磁场梯度测试等工作进行总结分析。     

Application of AMD to the Determination of Crop Protection Agents in Drinking Water. Part IV: Fundamentals of a Confirmatory Test

A method is described for the determination of fifteen active ingredients of plant protecting products in ground-, raw, and drinking water. After extraction and enrichment of the pesticides from the water sample with solid-phase extraction, the extract is fractionated on silica-coated TLC plates, first in a so-called screening gradient by AMD (automated multiple development). The detection of the pesticides is performed by UV multidetection. Positive results from the first separation are confirmed by a second separation on silica in an AMD gradient of distinctly different selectivity, compared to the first separation. Following this strategy, it is possible to distinguish nearly all nonvolatile, from water extractable, active ingredients of plant protecting products in the market. UV spectra are taken for further confirmation of positive results. In most cases, this is possible even at the limit of determination. All chromatograms and spectra shown are raw data, resulting from the confirmatory test DIN 38407 part 11, in the laboratory of one participant*). The method is standardized in the meantime as DIN V 38407-11.