基于空间梯度信息的质量控制方法在红外高光谱AIRS资料同化中的应用研究

本文利用中尺度非静力WRF(Weather Research Forecast, Version 3.4)模式, 针对1013号“鲇鱼”台风个例, 通过对红外高光谱AIRS(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder)资料经过基于空间梯度信息的质量控制之后同化进入模式, 来评估新的质量控制方法对同化效果的影响以及对台风数值模拟的改善情况。研究结果发现, 如果仅仅基于WRFDA(WRF Data Assimilation system, Version 3.4)模式自带的质量控制系统, 将会有部分梯度距平值明显较大超过阈值的资料被同化进入模式, 而这些可能受到“污染”且误差较大的资料同化进入模式必将会导致同化结果有较大误差, 影响分析结果的质量。而对AIRS资料经过基于空间梯度信息质量控制之后再同化进入模式, 确实可将梯度距平值大于阈值的“坏点”剔除掉, 从而使初始场的描述更加准确, 台风路径的模拟精度在一定程度上得到提高。综上可知, 基于空间梯度信息的质量控制方法整体上对改善同化效果有较好的正效应, 对台风的数值模拟也起到一定的促进作用。     

梯度Voronoi图及其构建算法

以生长速度为视角,普通Voronoi图及权重Voronoi图是理想欧氏平面上的生长元匀速生长结果。然而,以Voronoi图为基础的实际分析与建模情况不尽如此,通常表现为非理想平面的非匀速生长过程。本文以权重距离函数描述各向异性的非理想平面,以其时间消耗导数一致性形式化生长速度,定义一种新的Voronoi图——梯度Voronoi图。通过以高程变化诱发的梯度生长为例,借助栅格空间中形态学膨胀操作,给出梯度Voronoi图的典型构建算法。算例与分析表明,在等距离边界、势力范围与邻近关系表达方面,梯度Voronoi图更具优势。     

山门银矿床物化探勘查效果及标志

本文着重阐述了山门银矿床地球物理、地球化学特征及物化探勘查效果。建立了山门锻矿床平面的物化探找矿标志和卧龙、龙王剖面的物化探找矿标志。总结了物化探方法与地质互相配合综合找矿的有效性。     

基于高精度地层倾角线性反演的地震全体积拉平方法

地震数据的拉平分析是三维地震资料解释中的常见方法,一般通过拾取某一标准层位并将其校正到一个基准面的方式拉平地震数据,这样会导致距离标准层越远的层位拉平效果越差.近几年发展起来的三维地震数据全体积拉平方法是避免这种拉平缺陷的有效途径.本文提出一种基于高精度地层倾角的全体积自动拉平方法,该方法将一种自适应加权的向量滤波法获得高精度的局部地层倾角作为观测数据,根据拉平变换对每个数据样点产生的垂向偏移量与地层倾角之间的近似线性关系,建立最小二乘反演机制.在优化反演模型时,引入由梯度结构张量法得到的误差控制模板,抑制断层等复杂地质构造对拉平效果的影响;此外,增加模型参数的平滑度量项,避免拉平后的数据出现较大的畸变,并采用模型重新参数化方法,加快反演算法的收敛速度.三维合成数据和实际地震资料的试算结果表明这种三维全体积拉平方法是有效和可行的.     

Application of AMD to the Determination of Crop Protection Agents in Drinking Water. Part IV: Fundamentals of a Confirmatory Test

A method is described for the determination of fifteen active ingredients of plant protecting products in ground-, raw, and drinking water. After extraction and enrichment of the pesticides from the water sample with solid-phase extraction, the extract is fractionated on silica-coated TLC plates, first in a so-called screening gradient by AMD (automated multiple development). The detection of the pesticides is performed by UV multidetection. Positive results from the first separation are confirmed by a second separation on silica in an AMD gradient of distinctly different selectivity, compared to the first separation. Following this strategy, it is possible to distinguish nearly all nonvolatile, from water extractable, active ingredients of plant protecting products in the market. UV spectra are taken for further confirmation of positive results. In most cases, this is possible even at the limit of determination. All chromatograms and spectra shown are raw data, resulting from the confirmatory test DIN 38407 part 11, in the laboratory of one participant*). The method is standardized in the meantime as DIN V 38407-11.     

玉树台FHD地磁观测场地勘选

地震前兆观测是地震科学研究主要基础数据的来源,因此建立一个完整的、多学科的地震前兆台站是非常必要的。对玉树地震台FHD地磁观测场地勘选过程,磁场梯度测试等工作进行总结分析。     

THE USE OF SHEAR GRADIENT VORTICITY IN TROPICAL CYCLONE HEAVY PRECIPITATION PREDICTION: A HIGH-RESOLUTION NUMERICAL CASE STUDY

This study introduces a new dynamical quantity, shear gradient vorticity (SGV), which is defined as vertical wind shear multiplying the horizontal component of vorticity gradient, aiming to diagnose heavy precipitation induced by some strong convective weather systems. The vorticity gradient component can be used to study the collision or merging process between different vortexes or the deformation of a vortex with a sharp vorticity gradient. Vertical wind shear, another contributed component of SGV, always represents the environmental dynamical factor in meteorology. By the combined effect of the two components, overall, SGV can represent the interaction between the environmental wind shear and the evolution of vortexes with a large vorticity gradient. Other traditional vorticity-like dynamical quantities (such as helicity) have the limitation in the diagnosis of the convection, since they do not consider the vorticity gradient. From this perspective, SGV has the potential to diagnose some strong convective weather processes, such as Extratropical Transition (ET) of tropical cyclones and the evolution of multicell storms. The forecast performance of SGV for the numerical ET case of Typhoon Toraji (0108) has been evaluated. Compared with helicity, SGV has shown a greater advantage to forecast the distribution of heavy precipitation more accurately, especially in the frontal zone.     

乌鲁木齐地磁台环境磁场梯度测量及分析

使用高灵敏度的Ｇ８５６,ＤＴＺ－２型核子旋进式磁力仪,对乌鲁木齐地磁台１９９个测点的磁场梯度进行了复测,经过严格的数据校正处理,重新作出了ΔＦ等磁力线图,并分析讨论了台站院内环境磁场的变化特征,测量结果表明;乌鲁木齐地磁台仍处于磁场正常区,工作环境符合《地磁台站观测规范》要求。     

露采矿山宕口坡面表面积计算方法探讨

介绍了露采矿山整治中山体坡面表面积的两种计算方法:剖面法和小三角锁法。剖面法是把宕口坡表面分割成无数个小梯形进行计算表面积的一种方法。小三角锁法是通过对宕口坡表面数字化测量,根据测量数据建立数字高程模型,并在表面建立小三角锁,对所有小三角的面积累加得到面积的一种方法。小三角锁法大大提高了计算的准确度和效率。     

碎裂蚀变岩金矿带上的地球物理场特征分析及应用

本文介绍了在山东招远北截金矿上进行的磁(△T)及甚低频(VLF)电磁场测量,分析了碎裂蚀变岩金矿带上磁场强度降低和甚低频电磁场强度增大的特征,并以此特征为判据,对金矿外围未知地段的构造作了推断解释,提出了可供钻探验证的有利部位。