台湾海峡中、北部海域温、盐度特征

台湾海峡中、北部海域海水温、盐度分布随季风进退而异。东北季风期(10月—翌年5月),进入调查海域的浙闽沿岸水(低温、低盐)顺海域西岸海区南下的同时,在海坛岛外有一分支向东南扩展,其扩展范围随浙闽沿岸水强弱而异,而且在24°30′N,119°30′E附近有海峡暖流水(高温、高盐)向北伸展,它随西南风增强而向北推移。海域温、盐度值自西北向东南递增。西南季风期(6—9月),调查海域基本上为海峡暖流水所控制。在6—8月,海域西岸海区有上升流产生,上升流中心在海坛岛附近。海域盐度值自西北向东南递增,而温度分布趋势与盐度分布相反。 温、盐度的垂直分布大致分均匀型、正梯度型和负梯度型三类。     

基于不等式约束的最小二乘法三维电阻率反演及其算法优化

基于光滑约束的最小二乘法是三维电阻率反演的主要方法,但该方法在某些情况下存在着多解性较强的问题,且普遍耗时较长,严重制约了三维反演方法的推广与发展.为改善上述问题,将表征模型参数变化范围的不等式约束作为先验信息引入最小二乘线性反演方法中,有效地改善了反演结果的精度,降低了反演的多解性问题.为了解决耗时较长的问题,基于预条件共轭梯度(PCG)算法和Cholesky分解法的特点提出了一套优化三维电阻率反演计算效率的计算方案.在该方案中,Cholesky分解法被用来求解敏感度矩阵计算中的多个点源场的正演问题,Cholesky分解法只需对总体系数矩阵进行一次分解,然后对不同的右端向量进行回代即可.将预条件共轭梯度法引入到三维电阻率反演方程的求解中,将雅可比迭代中的对角阵作为预处理矩阵,其具有求逆方便、无需内存空间的特点,有效地加快了收敛速度.对合成数据以及实测数据的反演算例表明,借助不等式约束和反演效率优化方案,最小二乘反演方法可得到较为精确的反演结果,有效地提高了反演计算效率,具有良好的推广前景.     

Open source magnetic inversion programming framework and its practical applications

An Open Source C++ inversion framework for magnetic interpretation, including UXO applications, has been developed. The point dipole model is used to approximate a small magnetic object. However, alternative object models can be easily accommodated. Input data can be presented in a variety of formats and physical units including, but not limited to, profiles of the total magnetic field, uniform data grids, random data points, magnetic gradients, and finite magnetic difference measurements. Well-established external numerical optimization software modules such as the SLATEC (Common Mathematical Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory) package are used to solve numerical problems. Other software modules can easily be incorporated as they become available. Some practical examples of the application of the framework using total field data and vertical total field gradient data from a UXO test range are presented. We have decided to “open-source” the toolkit. It can be downloaded without charge under GNU Public License via anonymous FTP from ftp://geom.geometrics.com/pub/mag/Software/magtoolkit-1.0.zip.     

Abschätzung der Eignung einer molekularbiologischen Methode zur Charakterisierung der Grundwasserbiozönose

Assessing the Suitability of a Molecularbiological Method To Characterise the Microbial Populations in Groundwater A molecularbiological technique was used to characterise the bacterial community structure of groundwater habitats. This method consists of the isolation of bacterial DNA from the samples, amplification of 16S rDNA by PCR (polymerase chain reaction), and separation of the amplified DNA by DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). By using more specific primer combinations in the PCR instead of universal eubacterial primers, also groups of microorganisms (Proteobacteria, sulfate reducer, Archaea) were determined. The resulting DGGE patterns that reflect the microbial diversity are compared and differences or similarities evaluated. In the present studies, groundwater from different sites (bank filtrate, artificially recharged groundwater, and natural groundwater) and with changing redox milieus (aerobic, anaerobic) were investigated as well as the solid aquifer material. Besides, samples were taken from the different stages of artificial groundwater recharge, i.e., from surface water to the drain tile. Samples from groundwater derived from sites with different hydrogeochemical or hydrological conditions like bank filtrate and recharged groundwater revealed great differences in DGGE patterns indicating a characteristic species composition in these habitats, while samples taken at different times from the same groundwater showed only small seasonal variations. Clearly different patterns were also found for groundwater and the adjacent solid material as well as for anaerobic and aerobic groundwaters. Looking at artificial groundwater recharge, almost identical patterns were found in raw water and samples from gravel and sand filtration. DGGE patterns from the resulting groundwater indicated a total change in community structure during underground passage. By using group specific primers, Desulfovibrionaceae, Desulfobacteriaceae, and Archaea could be detected in anaerobic groundwaters.The molecularbiological approach described here gives an increasingly comprehensive and more precise picture of the microbial population of different environments. It is especially suitable to compare the community structure from different habitats or to analyse changes for example due to environmental stress at the same site.     

1900—2010年地磁场水平分量梯度的全球变化

本文根据最新的国际地磁参考场模型(IGRF11),结合梯度法分析能够很好的表现细微变化部分特征的优点,计算和绘制了1900—2010年期间间隔5年的全球地磁场水平分量H的水平梯度和垂直梯度,分析其时空分布,各磁异常中心位置和强度的变化规律。结果表明,地磁场的各个异常中心位置在水平方向和垂直方向上都有变化,主要以西漂为主,南大西洋正磁异常区水平分量梯度异常中心点强度值变化最大。     

LONGITUDINAL STREAM-PROFILES AS INDICATORS FOR GEOMETRIC SEGMENTATION OF THE LANGSHAN- HUANGBAISI FAULT ZONE, NORTHWEST BEIJING

The Langshan-Huangbaisi fault zone in northwest Beijing is the southwestern part of the normal fault zone on the northern margin of the Yanqing basin, 35.5km long and NNE-NEE-trending in general, on which two major 130°- 140° bends separate it into three segments with different strikes.Using the Hack's method, 71 longitudinal stream-profiles along the fault zone are analysed, shawing a well geomorphic response to the fault geometry. On these two major bends the gradient indices,K value     

数值研究太阳调制引发的银河宇宙线正电子的各向异性

能量低于30 GeV的银河宇宙线正电子进入日球层时会与太阳风以及冻结在其中的日球层磁场发生相互作用, 太阳风对流、扩散、漂移的综合调制效应会导致银河宇宙线正电子通量出现各向异性. 本研究利用帕克(Parker)传输方程描述正电子在日球层中的传输过程, 将日球层顶(120 AU)的局地星际能谱作为边界条件, 利用交替方向隐式方法(ADI)求解传输方程, 计算银河宇宙线正电子的通量, 接着计算银河宇宙线正电子的梯度, 最后计算出0.01 GeV, 0.1 GeV, 1 GeV能量的正电子的极向各向异性和径向各向异性. 研究发现: (1) 由于低能量正电子的漂移几乎为0, 因此极向各向异性仅由扩散决定, 它的绝对值在日球层南北半球相同纬度上相等并且在黄道面处的值为0;高能量的正电子受到了漂移作用的影响, 导致极向各向异性在黄道面处的值不为0, 南北半球相同纬度上的绝对值也不相等. (2) 低能量正电子的径向各向异性仅由扩散和对流决定; 高能量正电子的径向各向异性由扩散、对流、漂移三者共同决定.另外, 黄道面处正电子的极向梯度为0, 因此任何能量的正电子在此处的径向各向异性也只由扩散和对流决定; 正电子在日球层高纬度地区由于扩散和漂移较大, 从而具有较大的径向各向异性.

     

井地大地电磁非线性共轭梯度二维反演研究

本文提出并验证了地下大地电磁测深数据的正、反演算法和程序,为井地大地电磁测深和井地可控源音频大地电磁测深这一前沿研究课题提供了地球物理解释方法.使其更加完善和有效.在Rodi(2001)发表的大地电磁场二维NLCG反演理论和算法的基础上,推导了井地大地电磁场二维NLCG反演算法,改编反演的代码,开发出二维NLCG反演程...     

冰川槽谷横剖面沿程变化及其对冰川动力的反映

冰川槽谷梯级宽深比定义为槽谷槽剖面上相同等高线间距离与对应深度的比值。它可以描述槽谷横剖面形态的总体特征,便于不同槽谷横剖面形态的对比。统计分析表明槽谷梯级宽深比随槽谷深度的变化幂函数模型。使用这一模型描述冰川槽谷横剖面的总体形态并据此探讨冰川槽谷横剖面形态的沿程变化。主要结论如下：简单槽谷从上源到雪线附近,模型参数显示为槽谷展宽,谷壁变陡,从雪线向下游,槽谷变窄,谷壁变缓;从简单槽谷段向槽谷段,     

变形监测网非线性二类动态优化设计中观测权的解算方法

根据变形监测网非线性二类动态优化设计的数学模型,本文从一个简单的网形入手,导出测边网非线性二类动态优化设计数学模型的具体形式,并提出了采用非线性优化设计技术的方法－投影梯度算法解算这种模型,从而将这种解算方法推广到求解任意网形的监测网非线性二类动态优化设计中的观测权。