碧口地区复理石岩系特征及其构造环境

碧口地区晚元古代复理石岩系位于扬子板块西北缘,其主体由下部火山质碎屑浊积岩和上部陆源碎屑浊积岩组成。本文研究了复理石岩系中杂砂岩的岩石学、碎屑模型和岩石化学特征,并与不同板块构造背景下沉积的古代杂砂岩和现代深海砂成分进行了类比。研究表明,复理石岩系形成于沟弧盆系活动大陆边缘构造环境,杂砂岩属大陆岛弧型,物源区为活动大陆边缘的火山—深成岩浆岛弧造山带,源岩为钙碱性长英质火山岩及同源深成侵入岩,沉积盆地为岛弧及俯冲杂岩外侧的古海沟环境。     

川甘青复理石盆地地壳结构与演化

本文讨论川甘青复理石盆地的地质概况、地壳属性、形成机制和资源前景.这个地区是中央造山带中未发生陆-陆碰撞的构造单元,包括甘南、青海东及川西北的倒三角形地区,过去称为"松潘甘孜造山带".地壳波速结构的特点包括:①上地壳分两层,上层的波速较低的沉积岩层,厚度可达7km,波速小于6.0km/s;下层为结晶基底,波速6.0～6.2km/s.②中地壳为正常波速,但厚度较大,可达20km以上.③下地壳波速从6.6km/s随深度上升到7.3 km/s,厚度亦增加到20 km以上.上述特点的产生与复理石盆地形成时洋壳的俯冲有关.构造演化可分四个阶段,①洋壳俯冲阶段;②深水浊流沉积及等深流沉积阶段;③陆坡凸起沉积加剧阶段;④古特提斯洋封闭以后,地壳推挤成高原阶段.川甘青复理石盆地也许是中国大陆浅层油气勘探的最后希望.在盆地边部及西秦岭西延余脉,有良好的金矿资源开发前景.     

The fossil record (calcareous nannofossils and foraminifers) in single intervals of the Upper Cretaceous flysch sequence of the West Carpathians, Czechoslovakia

Studies of calcareous nannofossils and microfossils and their distribution in different intervals of the flysch rhythms in the Kloko ník brook in the Bílé Karpaty Unit of the Magura Group of nappes in the West Carpathians gave the following results. The highest species diversity of calcareous nannofossils was found in the lower parts of the Bouma Te hemipelagic intervals. The Campanian marker species Ceratolithoides aculeus and Aspidolithus parcus were found in practically all layers studied. A stratigraphically important foraminiferal fauna was obtained from the upper parts of the Bouma Te intervals, including the Campanian-Maastrichtian planktic foraminifers Globotruncana arca and Globotruncanita stuartiformis. In the non-calcareous pelagites, agglutinated species with a range from the Late Cretaceous to the Paleogene dominate.     

龙门山断裂带印支期左旋走滑运动及其大地构造成因

位于青藏高原东缘的龙门山构造呈北东—南西向将松潘—甘孜褶皱带和华南地块分割开。前者主要是由一套巨厚的三叠纪复理石沉积组成 ,分布在古特提斯海的东缘。后者由前寒武纪基底和上覆的古生代和中生代沉积盖层组成。位于汶川—茂汶断裂以东的前龙门山存在一系列倾向北西的逆掩断层 ,它们将许多由元古宙和古生代岩层组成的断片向南东置于四川盆地的中生代红层之上 ,构成典型的薄皮构造。许多研究由此断定松潘—甘孜褶皱带和四川盆地之间在中生代发生过大规模的北西—南东向挤压。然而 ,汶川—茂汶断裂西侧的松潘—甘孜褶皱带内部的挤压构造线大多是垂直于而不是平形于龙门山断裂带 ,这表明当时的挤压应力不是北西—南东向而是北东—南西向。近年来在龙门山构造带内发现 ,在三叠纪时龙门山断裂带在发生推覆的同时还经历过大规模的北东—南西向的左旋走滑运动 ,协调走滑运动的主要构造为汶川—茂汶断裂。走滑运动的成因与松潘—甘孜褶皱带北东—南西向缩短有关。汶川—茂汶断裂的左旋走滑在龙门山的北东端被古特提斯海沿勉略俯冲带的消减和发生在大巴山的古生代 /中生代岩层的褶皱和冲断作用所吸收 ,在龙门山的南西端被古特提斯海沿甘孜—理塘俯冲带的消减和松潘—甘孜三叠纪复理石的褶皱和冲断作用所吸?     

遗迹相及其古环境的意义

遗迹相是指一组具有特征的遗迹化石组合,在一段相当长的地质时期中不断的重视以及它们的环境意义。本文结合中国实例指出7个常见和通用的遗迹相及其沉积环境。浊积岩或复理石沉积中含有Nereites遗迹相,文内列举了目前已知的中国10个复理石产地,证明它们主要分布在两个板块构造单元的对接（消减）带。     

From Flysch to Molasse——Sedimentary and Tectonic Evolution of Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian Foreland Basin in North Qilian Mountains

The Late Caledonian to Early Hercynian North Qilian orogenic belt in northwestern China is an elongate tectonic unit situated between the North China plate in the north and the Qaidam plate in the south. North Qiilan started in the latest Proterozoic to Cambrian as a rift basin an the southern mar-gin of North China, and evolved later to an archipelagic ocean and active continental margin during the Ordovician and a fardand basin from Silurian to the Early and Middle Devonian. The Early Silurian fly-sch and sulmmrine alluvial fan, the Middle to Late Silurian shallow marine to tidal flat deposits and the Early and Middle Devonian terrestrial.molasse are developed along the corridor Nansimn. The shallo-wing-upward succession from subabyssal flysch, shallow marine, tidal flat to terrestrial molasse and its gradually narrowed regional distribution demonstrate that the foreland basin experienced the transition from flysch stake to molasse stake during the Silurian and Devonian time.     

The structure and kinematics of substrate entrainment into high-concentration sandy turbidites: a field example from the Gorgoglione 'flysch' of southern Italy

Sandy turbidites commonly show evidence for significant dynamic coupling with their substrate. The resulting deformation can be described using structural kinematic methods, linked to palaeoflow indicators, to better understand the links between flow and entrainment processes. A field example from the syn‐orogenic Gorgoglione Flysch, a succession of upper Miocene turbidites deposited into a deforming array of thrust‐top basins in the southern Apennine thrust belt, Italy, is described. The succession contains metre‐scale packages of alternating sandy turbidites and shales but is notable for containing > 100 m thick, massive sandbodies. These are structureless apart from sporadic horizons of aligned mud clasts. Commonly, the substrate beneath the massive sandbodies is deformed, with minor folds and thrusts verging in the direction of palaeoflow determined from tool marks and flutes at the base of these sandbodies. Structural studies from the base of a selected massive sandbody have identified that the substrate mud has been injected upwards, with flames sheared over in the direction of palaeoflow. Thus the substrate has deformed and become entrained during emplacement of the massive sandy body. At some locations, the substrate can be traced into the overlying deposit, with substrate clay beds becoming boudinaged and entrained into the sandbody. Analysis of the orientation of the mud clasts indicates that this bed disruption and incorporation into the sandy massive‐bed turbidite was an organized, viscous process. These features indicate that significant shear stress was partitioned out of the flow and onto the substrate. The incorporation and disruption of substrate into the sandbody suggest that post‐disruption strains increase upwards – implying that displacement gradients increased into the flow. These behaviours, showing variations in strain partitioning between the flow and its substrate, are explored in terms of evolving flow dynamics and substrate rheology.     

造山带复理石区海底扇法填图的必要性

在造山带复理石区的新一轮地质大调查中,要求动用海底扇法填图来解决过去区调工作中有解决的问题。１：２５万甘孜县辐区调的实践证明在造山带复理石区填图中海底扇法是一种比层育地层学更可行、更有效、更直观的方法。     

从地壳上地幔构造看大陆碰撞作用（下）

本篇讨论陆—岛碰撞、地体拼合和复理石建造等大地构造作用。根据碰撞陆块的尺度可将大陆碰撞分为陆—陆碰撞、陆—岛碰撞和岛—岛碰撞三种不同级别。大陆碰撞的强度与碰撞陆块边缘的形状有关。在陆块边缘的凸出部碰撞最为剧烈,形成岩石圈变形极为剧烈的碰撞造山带。在小陆块两侧或凹入部碰撞不易发生,形成沉积巨厚的复理石建造。如果多个陆块在会聚时相对运动速度不大,碰撞不大剧烈,这种碰撞称为地体拼合.地体拼合属于岩石圈挤压力较小而作用期较长的造陆作用,以蒙古—鄂霍次克带为代表,洋陆转换带岩石圈大部分成为增生的大陆。地体拼合过程分以下4个阶段:①双向俯冲形成岛弧;②洋—岛俯冲扩展洋陆转换带;③幔源岩浆底侵,洋陆转换带岩石圈向大陆岩石圈演化;④地体拼合造陆,大陆增生。大陆碰撞发生时不发生碰撞的部位板块会聚产物具复理石建造特征。复理石盆地是被洋壳俯冲推挤成陆的显生宙洋陆转换区,以巨厚深水浊流沉积及等深流沉积为特征。大陆岩石圈碰撞作用分为以下五类:裙边碰撞,裸碰撞、弱碰撞、无碰撞和碰撞走滑,碰撞的特征参数各不相同,其中只有裸碰撞在力学上属于弹性碰撞。     

青海巴颜喀拉山三叠系复理石沉积粒度概率累积曲线的特征

巴颜喀拉山群为碎屑岩复理石沉积。粒度概率累积曲线分析结果表明,完全为悬浮总体的浊积型曲线很少．曲线主要由牵引和悬浮总体组成。碎屑流是巴颜喀拉山群砂岩主要的成因类型。粒度参数特征表明,巴颜喀拉山盆地由早到晚平均粒径变粗、分选变好。风暴岩序列不同阶段粒度概率累积曲线形态不同,粒度曲线特征与被改造砂体的组成有关。