A Review on the Global Stratotype Section and Point of the Permian-Triassic Boundary

1 Introduction The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic Boundary (PTB) has been ratified by IUGS in 2001 (Yin et al., 2001). It is defined at the base of the Hindeodus parvus horizon, i.e. the base of Bed 27c of Meishan Section D, Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, South China. The PTB is important because it is not only an erathem boundary but also a great turning point of geological history symbolized by profound global changes and the strongest …     

Formal definition and dating of the GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point) for the base of the Holocene using the Greenland NGRIP ice core,and selected auxiliary records

The Greenland ice core from NorthGRIP (NGRIP) contains a proxy climate record across the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary of unprecedented clarity and resolution. Analysis of an array of physical and chemical parameters within the ice enables the base of the Holocene, as reflected in the first signs of climatic warming at the end of the Younger Dryas/Greenland Stadial 1 cold phase, to be located with a high degree of precision. This climatic event is most clearly reflected in an abrupt shift in deuterium excess values, accompanied by more gradual changes in δ¹⁸O, dust concentration, a range of chemical species, and annual layer thickness. A timescale based on multi‐parameter annual layer counting provides an age of 11 700 calendar yr b2 k (before AD 2000) for the base of the Holocene, with a maximum counting error of 99 yr. A proposal that an archived core from this unique sequence should constitute the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period) has been ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences. Five auxiliary stratotypes for the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary have also been recognised. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浙江长兴煤山地区吴家坪阶-长兴阶界线地层的再认识

浙江长兴煤山的 D剖面经多年研究 ,已成为二叠系长兴阶的单位层型和二叠系 -三叠系全球界线层型 ,并被推荐为吴家坪阶 -长兴阶全球界线层型的候选剖面 ,因该剖面上龙潭组地层出露较少 ,以致国内对长兴组与龙潭组的接触关系存有不同意见 ,给层型剖面的建立带来不利影响。在清理和研究了 D剖面西侧 30 0 m处 C剖面的吴家坪阶 -长兴阶界线层段后 ,证实了煤山地区龙潭组与长兴组为整合接触 ,对相关化石的地层分布也获得进一步的认识     

盾构隧道与矿山法隧道接合部施工工艺

深圳地铁2号线蛇海区间采用盾构法＋矿山法施工,但由于受地层及周边环境的限制,隧道接合部难以按原设计进行施工。经过研究比对,实际施工时采用了一种新的施工工艺,问题得以顺利解决,可供类似工程参考。     

贵州断杉剖面长兴期晚期腕足动物群及其地质意义

贵州断杉剖面长兴阶上部发现的腕足类化石包括:Paracrurithyris pigmaea,Attenuatella mengi,Neochonetes (Huangichonetes) substrophomenoides,Spinomarginifera kueichowensis,Anidanthus mucronata,? Hustedia orbicostata,Pygmochonetes sp.,Crurithyris sp.和Martinia sp..通过对该腕足动物群的分析以及和其他地区同时期的腕足动物群的对比,认为断杉剖面腕足动物群是深水分子与浅水分子混生的动物群,同时也是暖水分子与凉水分子混生的动物群.深水分子与浅水分子混生的特征与长兴期晚期断杉剖面位于深水盆地相的边缘,并且离浅水碳酸盐岩台地较近的古地理位置一致;暖水分子与凉水分子混生暗示扬子海盆当时可能存在洋流活动.     

基于DEM的两段法水库塌岸预测研究

根据两段法进行塌岸预测的基本原理,本文基于Microsoft Visual Studio编程平台和ArcGIS Engine地理信息系统二次开发组件完成两段法塌岸预测程序的实现,将两段法的应用范围由二维空间拓展到三维空间,实现了塌岸宽度和体积计算的参数化和自动化,通过简单的人机交互,即可完成塌岸预测,提高了塌岸预测效率; 塌岸预测前后岸坡形态的三维可视化对比展示,也为库岸防护工程的实施提供了更可靠的数据支持和决策依据。在程序的实现过程中,塌岸预测参数获取主要通过3个途径:(1)通过野外调查实测数据和室内土工实验结果,获取所需的水下稳定坡角和水上稳定坡角; (2)通过地质图和高分辨率航空影像获取岩性分界线、多年洪水位线、枯水位线等参数信息; (3)基于研究区高分辨率DEM(Digital Elevation DEM)数据,绘制地形剖面线,为程序运行提供终止条件。     

泥河湾盆地基于粒度气候指标的轨道调谐时间标尺

泥河湾盆地东部出露一套厚近百米的以湖相为主的地层.我们测量了洞沟剖面的粒度和磁化率.通过磁化率记录的对比, 我们可以将前人确定的古地磁界线转移到我们的深度坐标上来, 并建立了初步的时间标尺.样品中粒径在20~50μm之间的颗粒含量时间序列可以与ETP曲线对比, 即低含量对应高ETP值.这样的对比意味着在北半球夏季太阳辐射量相对增加的时期, 进入泥河湾盆地沉积物中的风尘物质减少了.这与已知的北方风尘的演化历史是吻合的, 所以我们认为粒度(20~50μm) 含量是泥河湾盆地沉积物中比较可靠的古气候变化的替代性指标.对于沉积速率相对高的时段, 即 > 780ka的地层, 我们尝试用轨道调谐的方法建立了高分辨率的时间标尺.新的粒度(20~50μm) 含量时间序列滤波获得的20ka和41ka的周期成分与岁差及地轴倾斜度的理论值可以重合.这显示洞沟剖面的粒度(20~50μm) 含量记录可以作为轨道调谐的气候曲线.      

澄江动物群洪家冲剖面沉积环境分析

下寒武统黑林铺组玉案山段洪家冲剖面的岩层主要以泥岩、粉砂质泥岩为主,且有粉砂质泥岩与薄层砂岩互层,岩石颜色偏深,胶结物多含铁泥质。岩石种类和岩石成分特征反映出这一地点的古沉积环境应为具有还原环境、低能水动力条件的外滨海地带。由铁泥质重结晶而形成的绢云母大量存在,说明这一地区在玉案山段沉积时期属于长期稳定的低级变质条件,而且海水温度较高。化石组合特征表明曾发生过频繁的风暴沉积,即显示平静的浅海环境曾经不断遭受强动力风暴破坏的近积风暴流沉积相特征。     

古近系研究新进展

介绍国际地层委员会古近系分会在全球界线层型剖面和点位( GSSP)工作上的新进展和我国陆相古近系分阶情况。中国陆相古近系分为8个阶:上湖阶(下古新统)、池江阶(上古新统)、岭茶阶(下始新统)、卢氏阶(中始新统下部)、垣曲阶(中始新统上部)、蔡家冲阶(上始新统)、乌兰布拉格阶(下渐新统)和塔本布鲁克阶(上渐新统)。其中,白垩系-古近系界线、古新统-始新统界线和始新统-渐新统界线与国际上相应界线接近或一致。近来,在湖南衡东地区获得碳同位素负向漂移的数据,使得该剖面可与新近国际地层委员会批准的伊普里斯阶层型剖面对比,其余各个阶的界线缺少磁性地层学和同位素地层学的证据,同时也有待于国际上“金钉子”的确立     

The role of basement tectonic reactivation on the structural evolution of Campos Basin,offshore Brazil: Evidence from 3D seismic analysis and section restoration

The structural analysis of regional 3D seismic data shows evidence of long-term tectonic inheritance in Campos Basin, offshore Brazil. Main Lower Cretaceous rift structures controlled themselves by strike-slip deformation belts related to Proterozoic orogenic events, have been episodically reactivated during the divergent margin phase of Campos Basin, from the Albian to the Miocene. Balanced cross-sections of major salt structures indicate that such tectonic reactivations have been controlling thin-skinned salt tectonics, triggering pulses of gravitational gliding above the Aptian salt detachment. Additionally, major basin features like the Neogene progradation front and the salt tectonic domains are constrained by the main Proterozoic orogenic trends of the Ribeira Belt (NE–SW) and the Vitória-Colatina Belt (NNW–SSE). As the basement involved structures observed in Campos Basin can be attributed to general geodynamic processes, it is suggested that basement tectonic reactivation can be as relevant as isostatic adjustment and detached thin-skinned tectonics on the structural evolution of divergent margin settings.