西藏阿里地区大、小昂龙冰川变化观测研究

在西藏阿里地区狮泉河上游的大、小昂龙冰川开展了连续2年(2014—2016年)的冰川变化地面观测,主要包括冰川表面物质平衡与差分GPS高程变化同步观测,以及冰川表面流速观测,冰川末端观测和冰川雷达测厚.观测结果表明:大、小昂龙冰川表面物质平衡与同期差分GPS观测结果之间存在差异.冰川表面物质平衡结果显示,2014—20...     

A comparison of surface renewal theory with the observed roughness length for temperature on a melting glacier surface

The roughness lengths for momentum and temperature are calculated using the profile method on amelting glacier surface. Data from a 5-level 9-m meteorological mastpositioned near the edge of Breidamerkurjökull, an outlet glacier of the Vatnajökull ice cap Iceland, are used for the calculations. The data are selected to avoid the presence of the katabatic wind speedmaximum which would otherwise alter the scaling laws of the surface layer. The surface roughness length for momentum is determined to be 1.0 mm, similar to other estimates made on flat melting ice surfaces. The surface roughness length for temperature is found to be in good agreement with previously proposed surface renewal theories for the observed roughness Reynolds number range of 30 _* 70.     

甘孜绒坝岔古冰川演化与黄土古土壤对比研究

横断山脉绒坝岔，保留有从倒数第二次冰期到新冰期的较完整的冰川沉积序列。对冰碛物进行了ESR测年，其分别形成于5．6kaBP、新冰期与末次冰期之间、16．3kaBP、18．7kaBP、43．7kaBP以及倒数第二次冰期。TL测年结果显示，甘孜雅砻江江畔阶地黄土从末次冰期之初开始堆积，结合甘孜黄土-古土壤序列代用指标的综合分析，发现绒坝岔冰碛物形成年代与甘孜剖面黄土、古土壤沉积年代有较好的对应关系。末次冰盛期(LGM)，绒坝岔冰碛垄走向有一次接近90。的改变；末次冰期间冰段，对应于MIS3b，其冰川规模甚至超过了LGM时期。     

Development of a model for ice core dating based on grain elongation

A simple quasi-empirical model is presented to calculate the deformation rate and age scale corresponding to ice core depth, where grain size and shape are determined only by grain growth and grain deformation processes. Given the size and elongation of grains as a function of ice core depth and the accumulation rate at the ice-sheet surface, it is possible to determine the ice core age scale. The model results are in good agreement with measured values of the rate of grain deformation and the age scale for the GIPS2 ice core at depths above 700 m.     

冬克玛底冰川和煤矿冰川的物质平衡（1992／1993年）

对青藏高原唐古拉山大、小冬克玛底冰川和昆仑山煤矿冰川的同观测研究表明，１９９２／１９９３年冰川的物质平衡为正平衡，其平衡值唐古拉山冰川大于昆仑山冰川。冰川物质过程存在四个阶段，即低水平维持阶段，强积累弱消隔阶段，强消隔阶段和较强积累弱消隔阶段，空间上反映出随海拔升高波动增大的趋势。     

Recent glacier changes in the Kashmir Alpine Himalayas,India

Using Landsat data at decadal interval (1980–2013), the glacier fluctuations (glacier area, equilibrium line altitude and specific mass balance) of nine benchmark glaciers in Kashmir Himalaya were estimated. The observed changes were related to topographic and climatic variables in order to understand their influence. From the data analysis, it was observed that the glaciers have shrunk by 17%, ELA has shifted upwards (80–300 m) and SMB shows variation in glacier mass loss from ?0.77 to ?0.16 m.w.e. Annual air temperature showed a significant increasing trend, and a slight but insignificant decrease in precipitation was observed during the period. It is evident that in the same climatic regime, varying topography plays a key role in determining the glacier changes. It is believed that the observed changes in the glacier geometry and dynamics, if continued, shall have adverse effect on the streamflows, water supplies and other dependent sectors in the region.     

Clay minerals in the late Quaternary sediment of Tulare Lake,California: Implications for climate change,weathering, and erosion processes

The clay mineralogy of Tulare Lake sediment was examined to investigate hydroclimatic and environmental changes in the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains (SNM) since the most recent glacial maximum. Evolution of clay mineral assemblages elucidates significant changes in weathering, erosion, and hydroclimatic condition in the catchment. During the last glacial period (24.4–15.1 cal ka BP), low illite content implies less physical erosion of the granitic batholith rocks and a cold and arid environment in the southern SNM. Abrupt increases of illite content at 21.8–20.8 and 17.6 cal ka BP resulted from the glacier advances to the ablation zone and illite-rich glacier flour was transported down to the lake. The gradual increase of smectite induced by progressive depletion of illite-rich glacier flour from 17.6 cal ka BP toward the end of this period indicates climate was beginning to get warm and wet. From 11.9 to 5.3 cal ka BP, two warm and wet periods (10.7–9.4 and 8.2–5.2 cal ka BP) were characterized by high smectite/illite content ratios and low illite crystallinity values, suggesting intensive rainfall precipitation and more physical erosion in the highland and lowland catchment as well as more smectite formation in the terrace soils. Since the last glacial period, physical erosion, in comparison to the chemical weathering, was the dominant process responding to the hydroclimatic change in the Tulare Lake catchment. Moderate to weak chemical weathering was signified by the mostly low illite chemical weathering index of the core sediments. Such results suggest that vegetation cover in the southern SNM was low and limited.     

中国境内冰川成冰作用的研究进展

冰川是由降雪积累形成,具有一定规模且运动着的自然冰体,是气候变化最敏感的指示器。从雪演化成冰的过程、机理和结果统称为成冰作用。成冰作用的研究可以揭示冰川的发育条件、形成过程和物理特征等;成冰作用的空间变化又是冰川变化的一种反映,对气候变化具有很好的指示作用。中国境内冰川的成冰作用研究开始于1962年谢自楚等对天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川开展的成冰作用研究,随后不同学者对祁连山等地区冰川的成冰作用亦进行了研究。随着研究的深入和发展现已形成具有中国特色的冰川成冰作用概念。主要回顾了冰川成冰带研究的发展历程和在中国的发展状况以及自20世纪60年代开始中国境内祁连山、天山、阿尔泰山、西昆仑山、喜马拉雅山、藏东南地区和横断山区冰川的成冰作用研究的主要成果,展望了今后冰川成冰作用研究的发展及其重要意义,并提出了以前研究中存在的缺陷和不足以及今后在成冰作用研究中应该注意的问题。     

横断山冰川地球化学特征

本文探讨冰川水体中元素分布的地球化学规律,水化学、痕量元素含量、氚含量的分布特征及与冰川环境的关系。     

湖南永州蚣坝、水市地区泥盆纪岩相古地理演化特征探讨

蚣坝、水市地区位于华南褶皱系南岭构造带中段北缘，泥盆纪地层广布测区，南部其昌岭基底隆起导致区内古地理环境的巨大变迁，岩石组合复杂，岩相类型多样，致使区内不同时期、同一时期不同区域的岩相演化特征有着不同的特点。