REE-HFSE distribution/partitioning between garnetiferous restites and TTG from Nademavinapura area,Western Dharwar craton

The major part of the Peninsular Gneiss in Dharwar craton is made up of Trondjhemite-Tonalite-Granodiorite (TTG) emplaced at different periods ranging from 3.60 to 2.50 Ga. The sodic-silicic magma precursors of these rocks have geochemical features characteristic of partial melting of hydrated basalt. In these TTGs, enclaves of amphibolites (± garnet) are abundant. These restites are considered to be the residue of a basaltic crust after its partial melting. A detailed study of these (residue) enclaves reveals textures formed due to the process of partial melting. Major, trace and REE analysis of these residue enclaves and the melt TTGs and microprobe analysis of the coexisting minerals show partitioning of REE and HFSE between the precursor melt of TTGs and the upper amphibolite facies residues. Formation of garnetiferous amphibolites with biotite, Cpx and plagioclase consequent to melting, has squeezed the original MORB type of basaltic crust and given rise to the TTGs, depleted in Y, Yb, K₂O, MgO, FeO, TiO₂ and enriched in La, Th, U, Zr and Hf. Coevally during the process of melting, the hydrated basalt was depleted in Na₂O, Al₂O₃, LREE, Th, U and enriched in K₂O, MgO, Nb, Ti, Yb, Y, Sc, Ni, Cr and Co. Mineral chemistry of co-existing garnet-biotite and amphibole-plagioclase in these amphibolitic (restite) enclaves indicates an average temperature of 700 ± 50° C and pressure of 5 ± 1 Kbar. These data are inferred to indicate that during the garnet stability field metamorphism, effective fractionation of HREE and HFSE has taken place between the restites having Fe-Mg silicates, ilmenites and the extracted melt generated from the MORB type of hydrated basalt. These results are strongly substantiated by the reported melting experiments on hydrated basalts.     

Geochemistry of granitoids of Bilgi area,northern part of eastern Dharwar craton,southern India — Example of transitional TTGs derived from depleted source

Mildly deformed granitoids exposed around Bilgi in the northernmost part of the eastern Dharwar craton are divided into two groups viz. granodiorites and monzogranites. The granodiorites contain microgranular enclaves and amphibolite xenoliths, and show low-Al TTG affinity with high SiO₂ (71–74 %), Na₂O, Y and Sr/Y, moderate to moderately high Mg#, Cr and Ni, low to moderate LILE, and low Nb and Ta. However, compared to similar TTGs from different cratons the Bilgi granodiorites have distinctly higher K₂O, K₂O/Na₂O, Rb and lower REE and Th. The amphibolite xenoliths are characterized by variable enrichment of K₂O, Rb, Ba and Th and depletion of Ti, Zr and P compared to MORB. The microgranular enclaves are quartz diorite to granodiorite in composition with high Mg, Ni and Cr, and compared to MORB, are enriched in LILE and depleted in Ti and Y. The monzogranites, compared to the granodiorites, display higher SiO₂, K₂O and Rb with lower Mg#, although still maintaining the high Na₂O, Ni and Cr and low REE character. The Bilgi granodiorites are explained as transitional TTGs late synkinematic with respect to regional deformation. Geochemical signatures and regional geological set up suggest that they are probably derived from partial melting of a highly depleted slab material (metabasalt) followed by variable contamination or assimilation of intermediate crustal rocks in a subduction zone set up. Late stage fluid activity on the granodioritic magma is probably responsible for the generation of monzogranites. The amphibolite xenoliths predate the granodiorites and possibly represent fragments of a schist belt carried away by the granitic magma. They are probably island arc basalt derived from mantle source that has been metasomatized by slab-derived fluids. The microgranular enclaves are coeval with the Bilgi granodiorites and also likely to be island arc magmas derived from mantle variably enriched in slab-derived and within-plate components.     

Paleozoic tectonism on the East Gondwana margin: Evidence from SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology of a migmatite–granite complex in West Antarctica

The Fosdick Mountains migmatite–granite complex in West Antarctica records episodes of crustal melting and plutonism in Devonian–Carboniferous time that acted to transform transitional crust, dominated by immature oceanic turbidites of the accretionary margin of East Gondwana, into stable continental crust. West Antarctica, New Zealand and Australia originated as contiguous parts of this margin, according to plate reconstructions, however, detailed correlations are uncertain due to a lack of isotopic and geochronological data. Our study of the mid-crustal exposures of the Fosdick range uses U–Pb SHRIMP zircon geochronology to examine the tectonic environment and timing for Paleozoic magmatism in West Antarctica, and to assess a correlation with the better known Lachlan Orogen of eastern Australia and Western Province of New Zealand.NNE–SSW to NE–SW contraction occurred in West Antarctica in early Paleozoic time, and is expressed by km-scale folds developed both in lower crustal metasedimentary migmatite gneisses of the Fosdick Mountains and in low greenschist-grade turbidite successions of the upper crust, present in neighboring ranges. The metasedimentary rocks and structures were intruded by calc-alkaline, I-type plutons attributed to arc magmatism along the convergent East Gondwana margin. Within the Fosdick Mountains, the intrusions form a layered plutonic complex at lower structural levels and discrete plutons at upper levels. Dilational structures that host anatectic granite overprint plutonic layering and migmatitic foliation. They exhibit systematic geometries indicative of NNE–SSW stretching, parallel to a first-generation mineral lineation. New U–Pb SHRIMP zircon ages for granodiorite and porphyritic monzogranite plutons, and for leucogranites that occupy shear bands and other mesoscopic-scale structural sites, define an interval of 370 to 355 Ma for plutonism and migmatization.Paleozoic plutonism in West Antarctica postdates magmatism in the western Lachlan Orogen of Australia, but it coincides with that in the central part of the Lachlan Orogen and with the rapid main phase of emplacement of the Karamea Batholith of the Western Province, New Zealand. Emplaced within a 15 to 20 million year interval, the Paleozoic granitoids of the Fosdick Mountains are a product of subduction-related plutonism associated with high temperature metamorphism and crustal melting. The presence of anatectic granites within extensional structures is a possible indication of alternating strain states (‘tectonic switching’) in a supra-subduction zone setting characterized by thin crust and high heat flow along the Devonian–Carboniferous accretionary margin of East Gondwana.     

Magnetic anomalies across Bastar craton and Pranhita-Godavari basin in south of central India

Aeromagnetic anomalies over Bastar craton and Pranhita-Godavari (P-G) basin in the south of central India could be attributed to NW-SE striking mafic intrusives in both the areas at variable depths. Such intrusions can be explained considering the collision of the Bastar and Dharwar cratons by the end of the Archaean and the development of tensile regimes that followed in the Paleoproterozoic, facilitating intrusions of mafic dykes into the continental crust. The P-G basin area, being a zone of crustal weakness along the contact of the Bastar and Dharwar cratons, also experienced extensional tectonics. The inferred remanent magnetization of these dykes dips upwards and it is such that the dykes are oriented towards the east of the magnetic north at the time of their formation compared to their present NW-SE strike. Assuming that there was no imprint of magnetization of a later date, it is concluded that the Indian plate was located in the southern hemisphere, either independently or as part of a supercontinent, for some span of time during Paleoproterozoic and was involved in complex path of movement and rotation subsequently. The paper presents a case study of the utility of aeromagnetic anomalies in qualitatively deducing the palaeopositions of the landmasses from the interpreted remanent magnetism of buried intrusive bodies.     

内蒙古敖汉旗早三叠世正长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征

正近些年研究显示华北地台北缘存在一条近东西向展布的早三叠世后造山的花岗岩带,在吉林东部,内蒙古中部及西部地区具有发现,但在赤峰敖汉旗地区还未见报道。本次工作在敖汉旗区域地质调查过程中,从原来侏罗纪岩体中重新厘定出一套正长花岗岩,本文对其年代学及地球化学进行介绍,以探讨华北地台北缘中段-东段过渡带的古亚洲洋闭合时限。     

云南哀牢山-红河断裂带南段新生代富碱斑岩岩石成因和地质意义

在青藏高原东南缘和扬子克拉通西缘,哀牢山-红河断裂带南段,产出了一些新生代富碱斑岩,本文选择绿春-金平一带的三类斑岩进行了年代学、地球化学和岩石成因研究,试图为研究区的壳幔相互作用和哀牢山-红河断裂带的关联提供新证据。研究区出露的三类富碱斑岩及其锆石U-Pb年龄分别是花岗斑岩(34.36±0.39Ma)、石英二长斑岩(35.48±0.39Ma)和正长斑岩(35.36±0.43Ma)。三类岩石的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值分别是-6.4～+2.6、-1.5～+3.6和-3.1～+1.0。三类岩石具有相似的微量元素、稀土元素和同位素特征,具有富集大离子亲石元素、轻重稀土分馏强烈、亏损Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素的特征,具有弱的Eu负异常,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值为0.7067～0.7078,ε_(Nd)(t)为-3.8～-3.7。花岗斑岩和石英二长斑岩都来源于加厚的铁镁质下地壳,但正长斑岩来源于交代富集的岩石圈地幔,源区的富集可能是新元古代和晚古生代大洋俯冲交代导致的,印度与欧亚大陆的持续汇聚导致哀牢山-红河断裂带下部地壳和岩石圈地幔的增厚,在35Ma左右三江地区应力转变引起了岩石圈地幔的拆沉,使得软流圈上涌引起下地壳和岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,然后岩浆沿着地壳裂隙上涌和侵位,形成不同类型的富碱斑岩。     

中天山基底与塔里木克拉通的构造亲缘性

中天山基底与塔里木克拉通的构造亲缘性问题涉及中亚大地构造单元的划分,倍受学术界关注.在诸多学者的研究基础上,特别是塔里木北缘物质成分和年代学成果基础上,通过区域地质调查,对托克逊县干沟与和静县阿拉沟两地的前南华纪地层序列及其岩石组合进行了专门研究,并筛选出4件浅变质砂岩样品做碎屑锆石U-Pb测年研究,获得165组年龄数据.结果表明,发育在中天山地区的前南华纪地层序列、岩石组合、地层接触关系、沉积环境与塔里木北缘的基本一致,可比性好,揭示了二者之间密切的构造亲缘性.其Th/U比值密集分布在0.4～4.0,表明岩浆锆石占绝大多数.锆石U-Pb测年产生了4个年龄峰值,分别为950Ma、1 550Ma、1 920Ma和2 480Ma,表明中天山较好地保存了元古代的4次重大构造-岩浆活动信息.这些年龄峰值在塔里木陆块均有对应岩浆体的发育,也与塔里木周缘的前寒武纪年龄谱吻合,进一步佐证了中天山基底与塔里木克拉通曾经是一个统一块体的认识.结合区域构造分析,认为中天山陆块是在南华纪以来,逐渐从塔里木克拉通拉张裂离出来的;伴随早古生代天山洋的俯冲,一个奥陶纪-志留纪火山弧发育在这个裂离的中天山陆块之上.     

河北洞子沟银铜多金属矿床地质特征及成因分析

洞子沟银铜多金属矿床产于华北克拉通北缘长城系常州沟组地层中,受地层控制明显。通过对该矿床地质特征及矿石的稀土元素地球化学特征、矿物流体包裹体特征、硫氢氧同位素组成及U-Pb同位素年代研究表明:成矿物质来源于幔源;矿床形成于古元古代晚期华北克拉通吕梁运动后的伸展裂解过程中,在断陷盆地接受沉积的同时,有沿同生断裂上升的幔源热液、银铜金铅锌等成矿物质组分与常州沟组陆源碎屑一同沉积,形成洞子沟银铜多金属沉积层控型矿床。     

保山地体新元古代——早古生代沉积岩碎屑锆石年代学及其构造意义

滇西潞西地区位于青藏高原东南缘,大地构造位置上属于保山地体。由于新生代强烈的陆内变形作用,保山地体与青藏高原腹地体的对应关系难以确定。野外观察及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,潞西新元古代—早古生代地层(震旦系—寒武系蒲满哨群及下奥陶统大矿山组)大部分碎屑锆石Th/U0.1,说明其大多为岩浆成因。U-Pb年龄跨度较大,太古宙—早古生代都有分布,且具有明显的562Ma、892Ma及2265Ma年龄峰,以及较弱的1680Ma和2550Ma年龄峰。保山地体潞西地区沉积岩碎屑锆石年龄分布特征与特提斯喜马拉雅、南羌塘沉积地层碎屑锆石年龄分布特征相似,说明其具有相同的物源——冈瓦纳大陆北部的印度大陆。在新元古代晚期—早古生代,保山地体位于印度大陆北缘,与南羌塘、喜马拉雅地体相邻。伴随着俯冲相关的增生造山过程,保山地体形成相应的新元古代末期—早古生代沉积地层。     

关于滇西地质的一些新认识

本文依据对云南西部保山、腾冲地区晚古生代丁家寨组、勐洪群含砾地层的研究,认为含砾地层属冰川成因,时限为中、晚石炭世的Baskirian期—Kasimovian期。其层位与西藏珠穆朗玛峰、阿里、拉萨地区及印度次大陆、泰国西部和马来西亚西部的冰成岩系均可对比。根据云南西部及邻区深部地质构造及澜沧江断裂的资料,论述了澜沧江断裂是一条超壳深的压性、压扭性深断裂,是冈瓦纳板块与扬子板块的结合带。结合带以西属于冈瓦纳大陆,以东均属扬子大陆。两大板块的最终敛合时间可能在古新世末期。