矿物标型六性及其在胶东金矿中的应用

目前矿物标型研究和应用已进入一个新的阶段。作者从哲学的高度,把国内外矿物标型特征的分散研究加以集中概括和总结,提出了“矿物标型六性”的普遍规律,即普遍性、特殊性、变化性、相应性、继承性和分带性,对矿物标型特征研究具重要的指导意义。这些规律在胶东金矿中得到广泛应用,并已取得良好效果。     

华南花岗岩型铀矿床成矿机理研究进展

本文介绍了华南花岗岩型铀矿床地质特征,系统总结了前人对其成矿热液来源、物质来源,铀的迁移沉淀机制、碱交代及花岗岩与成矿的关系等方面的研究成果。指出铀源体中的晶质铀矿及富铀矿物在深部相对还原的环境中被氧化而进入成矿热液中起主要作用的可能是大量幔源F和放射性衰变诱发产生的氧及碱交代溶蚀作用,热液中的大部分U6 主要被S2-和Fe2 等还原剂在浅部相对氧化的环境中还原成矿;给出了一种较简易的物质来源定量方法和铀成矿模式。     

Noril’sk–Talnakh Cu–Ni–PGE deposits: a revised tectonic model

The Norilsk mining district is located at the northwest margin of the Tunguska basin, in the centre of the 3,000×4,000 km Siberian continental flood basalt (CFB) province. This CFB province was formed at the Permo-Triassic boundary from a superplume that ascended into the geometric centre of the Laurasian continent, which was surrounded by subducting slabs of oceanic crust. We suggest that these slabs could have reached the core–mantle boundary, and they may have controlled the geometric focus of the superplume. The resulting voluminous magma intruded and erupted in continental rifts and related extensive flood basalt events over a 2–4 Ma period. Cu–Ni–PGE sulfide mineralization is found in olivine-bearing differentiated mafic intrusions beneath the flood basalts at the northwestern margin of the Siberian craton and also in the Taimyr Peninsula, some 300 km east of a triple junction of continental rifts, now buried beneath the Mesozoic–Cenozoic sedimentary basin of western Siberia. The Norilsk-I and Talnakh-Oktyabrsky deposits occur in the Norilsk–Kharaelakh trough of the Tunguska CFB basin. The Cu–Ni–PGE-bearing mineralized intrusions are 2–3 km-wide and 20 km-long differentiated chonoliths. Previous studies suggested that parts of the magma remained in intermediate-level crustal chambers where sulfide saturation and accumulation took place before emplacement. The 5–7-km-thick Neoproterozoic to Palaeozoic country rocks, containing sedimentary Cu mineralization and evaporites, may have contributed additional metal and sulfur to this magma. Classic tectonomagmatic models for these deposits proposed that subvertical crustal faults, such as the northeast-trending Norilsk–Kharaelakh fault, were major trough-parallel conduits providing access for magmas to the final chambers. However, geological maps of the Norilsk region show that the Norilsk–Kharaelakh fault offsets the mineralization, which was deformed into folds and offset by related reverse faults, indicating compressional deformation after mineralization in the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic. In addition, most of the intrusions are sills, not dykes as should be expected if the vertical faults were major conduits. A revised tectonic model for the Norilsk region takes into account the fold structure and sill morphology of the dominant intrusions, indicating a lateral rather than vertical emplacement direction for the magma into final chambers. Taking into account the fold structure of the country rocks, the present distribution of the differentiated intrusions hosting the Norilsk-I and Talnakh–Oktyabrsky deposits may represent the remnants of a single, >60 km long, deformed and eroded palm-shaped cluster of mineralized intrusions, which are perceived as separate intrusions at the present erosional level. The original direction of sill emplacement may have been controlled by a northeast-trending paleo-rise, which we suggest is present at the southeastern border of the Norilsk–Kharaelakh trough based on analysis of the unconformity at the base of the CFB. The mineralized intrusions extend along this rise, which we interpret as a structure that formed above the extensionally tilted block in the metamorphic basement. Geophysical data indicate the presence of an intermediate magma chamber that could be linked with the Talnakh intrusion. In turn, this T-shaped flat chamber may link with the Yenisei–Khatanga rift along the northwest-trending Pyasina transform fault, which may have served as the principal magma conduit to the intermediate chamber. It then produced the differentiated mineralized intrusions that melted through the evaporites with in situ precipitation of massive, disseminated, and copper sulfide ore. The Norilsk–Kharaelakh crustal fault may not relate to mineralization and possibly formed in response to late Mesozoic spreading in the Arctic Ocean.Editorial handling: P. Lightfoot     

国内外钼资源供需形势分析

全面、系统地建立钼矿石、钼矿粉分析方法,对钼元素研究开发和保障钼矿工业发展具有重要意义。目前多采用酸溶或碱熔样品后进行分析,其不足是测定钼含量的范围窄,消耗样品量大,还需使用大量酸碱,且受仪器限制,分析高含量钼时多需对样品溶液进行数次稀释,使分析步骤更加繁琐。发射光谱法则可避免上述问题,但用之准确分析高含量钼矿石钼矿粉尚有测试方法的瓶颈需要突破。本文研究通过内标元素、分析线对、缓冲剂配比、电流程序等环节的实验分析,建立了固体进样-交流电弧发射光谱法测定钼矿石中高含量钼的分析方法：优化样品与光谱缓冲剂质量比至1∶2,优化分析线对,截取曝光时间35s,采用以国家一级合成硅酸盐光谱分析标准物质和国家一级矿石标准物质组成的自研标准系列制作标准曲线,由全谱交直流电弧发射光谱仪自动扣除分析线和内标线背景后以对数坐标二次曲线拟合计算,使测定范围扩展为500～500800μg/g,检出限为27.38μg/g,相对标准偏差（RSD）为3.28%～8.30%,相对误差为-0.43%～0.73%。结果表明,本文方法在实现绿色分析的同时,在检出限相当、精密度合格的条件下,一次性分析高含量钼的上限从5%提高至50%。

     

川滇黔相邻区碳酸盐岩容矿铅锌矿成矿特征

本文对川滇黔相邻区碳酸盐岩容矿铅锌矿成矿特征进行系统总结,并对区域成矿过程进行讨论。该区碳酸盐岩容矿铅锌矿发育3种矿床类型,主要分布在泸定-荥经-汉源、雷波-金阳-巧家-会东、赫章-威宁-水城和会泽-彝良4个矿集区,震旦系和古生代地层为主要容矿层。铅锌矿形成于3个成矿期和3类构造环境:以黑区-雪区铅锌矿床为代表的喷流沉积型(SEDEX型),形成于早寒武世海底地震同生断裂环境;以会泽矿床为代表的与侵入作用有关的碳酸盐岩容矿铅锌银矿床类型(IRCH Pb-Zn-Ag型),形成于晚三叠世前陆早期局部引张环境;以大梁子和天桥矿床为代表的密西西比河谷型(MVT型),形成于前陆晚期冲断挤压环境。与世界其它地方不同,川滇黔相邻区MVT铅锌成矿作用主要发生于早侏罗世。     

小秦岭金矿田多因复成成矿作用过程分析

在小秦岭金矿田基础地质调研的基础上,对地层和岩体含矿性进行分析,并综合多种测试资料（S、Pb、H、O稳定同位素和流体温度）所提供的信息,反演了多因复成成矿作用过程。     

山东龙宝山岩体稀土元素特征及矿源研究

龙宝山岩体是燕山期多阶段岩浆活动形成的中偏碱性杂岩体,其稀土元素特征为:wΣREE为地壳丰度的2.5倍,wLREE/wHREE为地壳的近9倍,轻稀土强烈富集,δEu、δCe均呈弱负异常,各期侵入岩及含金石英脉的稀土元素分布型式基本相似,呈向右陡倾斜线,但石英脉中稀土总量更高、轻稀土更为富集。研究结果表明:岩浆和成矿物质最初可能均来源于上地幔的同一岩浆房,并在岩浆上侵过程中不同程度地同化混染了地壳物质。     

湘西北地区民乐式锰矿成矿地质特征及矿床成因

在野外考察和室内综合研究基础上,从地层岩性、岩相古地理、地质构造等成矿地质条件的分析入手,结合稳定同位素测试数据分析,以古丈锰矿田中的野竹锰矿为例,对湘西北民乐式锰矿床的成矿地质特征及成矿机制进行了探讨,认为区内成矿物质（锰）是多来源的,但主要来源于海底火山活动。在成矿作用过程中,堆集在火山喷口附近的沉积物被烘热的海水淋滤改造,从中析出锰质,由热海水体所挟带,随海流迁移,成矿物质在裂陷槽中沉积下来富集形成锰矿床。民乐式锰矿床属离火山喷发中心较远的海底火山喷发-沉积锰矿床。     

甘肃省铀矿主要类型及找矿远景的初步分析

根据我省铀矿类型和矿化特征,在研究区域地质特征、控矿因素的基础上总结了铀矿分布规律,并把我省铀矿划分为4条成矿带、8条成矿亚带,分析了铀矿成矿特点和今后找铀远景区,为我省二次找铀提供依据。     

新一轮就矿找矿

本文简要回顾了二十世纪五、六十年代就矿找矿的历史,进而提出新一轮的就矿找矿。相比之下,新一轮就矿找矿具有新的特点。深部找矿实则是一种就矿找矿,地壳连续成矿理论、深部流体(成矿)作用理论、成矿台阶理论都为新一轮就矿找矿提供了理论依据。深部找矿在国内外初显成效,湘中地区亦有很多成功案例。本文从3个方面总结了深部找矿的一些经验标志,即矿种及矿种组合系列标志、花岗岩成矿专属性标志、幔源成因矿床的鉴别标志。此外,辨别成矿流体的深(幔)源标志、加强成矿规律研究、更新观念、引进新技术新方法,都是实际深部找矿工作中需要注意的。