江苏省1∶25万、1∶100万基础数据修测与建库

1∶25万、1∶100万基础数据是江苏省地理空间信息基础框架的重要组成部分,本文根据江苏省地理空间信息基础框架的要求,结合全省现有的基础地理数据库建设的现状,叙述了对全省范围内的17幅1∶25万DLG、DOM,4幅1∶100万DLG数据如何进行修测、更新和入库,并建立相应的元数据库的过程和方法。     

利用精密单点定位求解电离层延迟

近年来,高时空分辨率的全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)观测信号已成为电离层研究的重要资源.利用GNSS研究电离层,需首先将观测资料转换成包含电离层信息的可观测量(Ionospheric Observables,称之为"电离层观测值").目前,最常用的电离层观测值一般采用联合无几何影响组合的码和相位观测,利用相位平滑伪距方法计算得到(称之为"平滑电离层观测值"),但该过程易受平滑弧段长度和与测站有关的误差(如多路径效应和观测噪声)的影响.本文提出利用精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning, PPP)提取电离层观测值(称之为"PPP电离层观测值",形式与平滑电离层观测值相同).与相位平滑伪距相比,IGS发布的卫星轨道、钟差产品可被PPP合理利用,从而有效减少了待估参数,使得电离层观测值的估计精度得到改善.基于短基线和零基线实验,通过考察两类电离层观测值的站间单差结果在各卫星弧段间的离散程度,验证了PPP电离层观测值的可靠性:以某两天的短基线实验结果为例,与测站有关的误差对PPP电离层观测值的影响分别为对平滑电离层观测值影响的44.4%和35.7%,表明PPP电离层观测值更利于高精度电离层建模、预报等研究.     

1：50000数据库的更新服务数据库系统设计与实现

1：50000数据库的更新工程数据库服务系统是以1：50000数据库更新成果为基础．建立了一个基于B／S结构的服务系统,满足更新数据快速发布、浏览、应急服务等需求。本文介绍了陔系统的设计思想、系统总体架构、数据库设计与建库、软件功能设计与实现,为其他地理信息数据系统建设提供借豁。     

重庆秀山寒武系锶同位素演化曲线及全球对比

本文评述了国际上已有的寒武纪海相碳酸盐的锶同位素演化曲线，公布了重庆秀山寒武系海相碳酸盐的锶同位素分析结果，尽管对样品进行了成岩蚀变检测和必要的筛选，但样品仍可能不同程度地经历了成岩蚀变，锶同位素组成与地层厚度投点图显得较为离散，笔者主要利用87Sr/86Sr比值较低的样品建立的寒武纪海水的锶同位素演化曲线在长期旋回上与国际上已公布的同时代锶同位素演化曲线仍具有较好相似性和可比性，说明全球事件是海水锶同位素组成的主要控制因素，海水的87Sr/86Sr比值在盆内对比，盆间对比，以及全球对比中都具有潜在价值。根据锶同位素地层学的基本原理，笔者尝试确定了重庆秀山寒武纪剖面一些关键点的年龄，累积厚度1340m处的年龄为503－509Ma，累积厚度1950m处的年龄为496－498Ma，这对秀山寒武纪剖面下，中寒武统和中、上寒武统界线的确定具有参考价值。     

无线远程电源控制系统的研制

本文介绍了一种基于GSM（全球移动通信系统）网络SMS（短信业务）的无线远程电源控制系统的原理及设计实现。该系统由一个无线GSM模块（WAVECOM公司的Q2403模块）和一个单片机（AT89S52）为核心的监控单元组成,监控单元利用AT指令通过串口和GSM模块进行通信,借助GSM模块Q2403使用户能够通过短信便捷地对相关设备进行断电、上电和重启等控制。     

Improving the performance of precipitation outputs from Global Climate Models to predict monthly and seasonal rainfall over the Indian subcontinent

Skilful prediction of the monthly and seasonal summer monsoon rainfall over India at a smaller spatial scale is a major challenge for the scientific community. The present study is aimed at achieving this objective by hybridising two mathematical techniques, namely synthetic superensemble (SSE) and supervised principal component regression (SPCR) on six state-of-the art Global Climate Models (GCMs). The performance of the mathematical model is evaluated using correlation analysis, the root mean square error, and the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency index. Results feature reasonable improvement over central India, which is a zone of maximum rainfall activity in the summer monsoon season. The study also highlights improvement in the monthly prediction of rainfall over raw GCMs (15–20% improvement) with exceptional improvement in July. The developed model is also examined for anomalous years of monsoon and it is found that the model is able to capture the signs of anomalies over different gridpoints of the Indian domain.     

The role and performance of ground-based networks in tracking the evolution of the ozone layer

In the 1980s, ground-based monitoring of the ozone layer played a key role in the discovery of the Antarctic Ozone Hole as well as in the first documentation of significant winter and spring long-term downward trends in the populated mid-latitude regions. The article summarizes the close-to-hundred-year-long history of ground-based measurements of stratospheric ozone, and more recent observations of constituents that influence its equilibrium. Ozone observations began long before the recognition of the impact of increasing emissions of manmade ozone-depleting substances on ozone and therefore on UV levels, human health, ecosystems and the Earth climate. The historical ozone observations prior to 1980s are used as a reference for the assessments of the state of the ozone layer linked to the enforcement of the Montreal Protocol. In this paper, we describe the worldwide monitoring networks and their ozone observations used to determine long-term trends with an accuracy of a few percent per decade. Since 1989, the ground-based monitoring activities have provided support for the amendments of the Montreal Protocol (MP). They include monitoring of (a) the ozone total column and the vertical distribution at global scale, (b) the ozone-depleting substances (ODS) related to the MP such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and their decomposition products in the stratosphere, and (c) the atmospheric species playing a role in ozone depletion, e.g., nitrogen oxides, water vapor, aerosols, polar stratospheric clouds. We highlight important accomplishments in the atmospheric monitoring performed by the Global Atmosphere Watch program (GAW) run under the auspices of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and by the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). We also address the complementary roles of ground-based networks and satellite instruments. High-quality ground-based measurements have been used to evaluate ozone variabilities and long-term trends, assess chemistry climate models, and check the long-term stability of satellite data, including more recently the merged satellite time-series developed for the detection of ozone recovery at global scale, which might be further modified by climate change.     

Vegetation response to rapid climate change in central europe during the past 140,000 yr based on evidence from the Füramoos pollen record

The response of Central European vegetation to rapid climate change during the late Quaternary period (Eemian to Holocene) is assessed by data from the new pollen record of Füramoos, southwestern Germany. This record represents the longest late Quaternary pollen record north of the Alps as currently known. Its high degree of completeness allows detailed correlations with Greenland ice cores and sea-surface temperature records from the North Atlantic. Our data show that if climate deteriorations were not long or severe enough to extirpate refugia of arboreal taxa north of the Alps such as during marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 5 (i.e., Würm Stadial A, Stadial B, and Stadial C), reforestation with the onset of warmer conditions in Central Europe occurred on a centennial scale. If arboreal taxa became completely extinct north of the Alps such as during MIS 4 (i.e., Würm Stadial D), several thousand years were necessary for the reimmigration from refugia situated in regions south of the Alps. Thus, Dansgaard-Oeschger interstades (DOIS) 24 to 20 and 15 to 11 are expressed in Central European pollen records, whereas DOIS 19 to 16 are not recorded due to migration lags.     

Review and Prospect of Global Operational Ocean Forecasting

The marine environmental forecast plays an increasingly important role in economic growth and infrastructure development, and touches upon many fields and aspects, including marine security, energy resources development and protection, ocean shipping and fisheries. Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) OceanView supports the national research groups providing them with coordination and technical support among the partners. Forecasting centers develop and establish global operational ocean forecast systems. The global operational ocean forecasting system uses the ocean dynamic numerical model as the dynamic framework, and the near real-time high-quality observation input field is integrated into the model by data assimilation to realize the future environmental forecasts of the marine conditions covering the multi-time scale. The products are routinely validated with observations in order to assess their quality. This paper briefly introduced and reviewed the development process and current situation of the global ocean forecasting system covered by GODAE OceanView, and outlined the future development of global ocean forecasting.     

中国大陆地壳单颗粒锆石U-Pb年代学特征:国内文献数据的初步分析

锆石U-Pb年代学方法已经成为地质学研究必不可少的方法。本文收集整理了二十世纪八十年代以来分散在期刊论文、学位论文等多种出版载体中的锆石U-Pb年代学数据,建成中国大陆单颗粒锆石数据库中文子库。该数据子库涉及截至到2017年底的文献2331篇,有效数据154768条目,数据总量已经能够用来进行数据的初步分析和相关地球科学研究。数据子库中年龄-年龄绝对误差关系的分析表明,Age(~(206)Pb/~(238)U)、Age(~(207)Pb/~(235)U)、Age(~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb)在不同的地质年代区间误差表现有所不同。在小于1684.4Ma、1684.4~2855.2Ma、大于2855.2Ma年龄区Age(~(206)Pb/~(238)U)、Age(~(207)Pb/~(235)U)、Age(~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb)的误差最小、置信度最好,除了Age(~(207)Pb/~(235)U)测试方法的原因外,Age(~(206)Pb/~(238)U)和Age(~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb)可分别作为不同年龄段的推荐年龄。将选用的推荐年龄运用于LA-ICP-MS、SHRIMP、SIMS三种方法的比较,得出其适用于不同地质年代的范围。推荐年龄运用于年龄-频数图中并使用高斯多峰拟合,则可发现中国大陆锆石存在6个生长峰期,分别为131.71Ma、255.17Ma、442.42Ma、811.56Ma、1868.36Ma和2505.31Ma等;更小尺度下的新生代则存在七个峰期,分别为16.99Ma、27.64Ma、35.26Ma、43.44Ma、48.27Ma、52.74Ma和62.07Ma等,峰期及其对应测试点的位置可与中国大陆地壳演化重大历史事件对应。