基于ArcSDE的省级基础地理信息数据库系统建设

基于ESRI公司ArcSDE空间数据引擎和Oracle大型关系数据库,研究省级基础地理信息数据库系统建设的技术路线和关键技术,在Microsoft.Net框架下进行ArcEngine、ArcGisServer的应用开发,建设C/S和B/S混合结构的基础地理信息数据库系统,实现省级测绘行政主管部门基础地理信息数据库的建设、管理与分发服务,并以湖南省进行省级基础地理信息数据库系统建设作示范。     

市级国土资源"一张图"工程建设思路

从"一张图"建设的背景出发,提出市级国土资源"一张图"工程建设的预期目标,阐明工程建设总体思路.在此基础上,详细阐述"一张图"的建设内容以及系统建设中应注意的问题.     

天津三维城市地质信息系统数据库建设技术要求的探讨研究

天津三维城市地质信息系统融海量数据管理、分析评价和信息发布功能为一体,是天津市地质工作信息数据维护、发布和长期动态服务于经济社会发展的基础性、综合性的平台。数据信息的统一、规范是该平台功能发挥的关键。本文从天津城市发展对地质成果信息的需求出发,提出城市地质信息系统各类专业数据库建设的技术要求,以满足系统分析评价、三维模型建立精度,实现从源头保证各类数据有序入库,终端输出的各类信息真实可信,确实为各部门提供决策依据。     

应用WS/GPS技术的粪渣收运监控系统的开发

通过安装于粪渣收运车辆上的车载称重系统（WS）和全球卫星定位系统（GPS）,经由通用无线分组业务（GPRS）将粪渣收运车载重变化及其位置信息,实时传回监控中心的数据库中[1],并通过集成地理信息系统（GIS）的粪渣收运监控系统浏览、查询、管理粪渣收运情况。主要以车载重量变化信息作为收运监控参考的重要依据,并配合车辆定位...     

新型地籍测绘模式初探

地籍测量的特殊性要求其测绘精度高,速度快。从我国政策和现状来看,当前快速的经济建设要求更高效的地籍变更测量模式。然而目前在地籍测量方面最常用的测量模式效率低下,精度损失严重,不能有效反映土地现状,无法为经济建设提供可靠依据。鉴于GPS/INS新型测量模式的独特优势,提出将GPS/INS应用于地籍测量领域。初步设计了GPS/INS进行地籍测量的思路,并结合GPS和INS的优缺点,提出了注意事项。考虑到研究现状,指出了这一设想实现需解决的关键技术。     

Are we adapting to climate change?

Human systems will have to adapt to climate change. Understanding of the magnitude of the adaptation challenge at a global scale, however, is incomplete, constrained by a limited understanding of if and how adaptation is taking place. Here we develop and apply a methodology to track and characterize adaptation action; we apply these methods to the peer-reviewed, English-language literature. Our results challenge a number of common assumptions about adaptation while supporting others: (1) Considerable research on adaptation has been conducted yet the majority of studies report on vulnerability assessments and natural systems (or intentions to act), not adaptation actions. (2) Climate change is rarely the sole or primary motivator for adaptation action. (3) Extreme events are important adaptation stimuli across regions. (4) Proactive adaptation is the most commonly reported adaptive response, particularly in developed nations. (5) Adaptation action is more frequently reported in developed nations, with middle income countries underrepresented and low-income regions dominated by reports from a small number of countries. (6) There is limited reporting on adaptations being developed to take advantage of climate change or focusing on women, elderly, or children.     

以用户为导向的交互式预报系统及应用研究

基于近年来涌现的有关新一代气象预报系统发展的认识,本文提出用户导向的交互式预报系统的概念模型。新系统强调在用户信息分析的基础上,发展从用户出发再回到用户不断自我改善的预报流程。系统组成的关键模块包括：用户端风险决策动态需求分析模块、物理预测模块、用户目标量的降尺度模块,用户端专业耦合模块及用户风险决策模块。文中阐述了系统中各模块间的联系、用户端信息在系统中的反馈作用以及具体的“交互式”方式。以临沂地区水文用户为例,以引发洪涝的降水事件为预报对象,利用TIGGE全球超集合预报,初步构建了一个临沂水文用户导向的可能致洪降水交互式预报系统。这个具备迭代式自我完善功能的新型预报系统包含了汛期随时变化的用户决策信息、由前期影响雨量和当前水文条件决定的可变致洪降水阈值以及一个动态的用户端预报水平和不确定性评估模块。初步结果表明,结合用户端信息的预报优于未考虑用户信息的预报结果,从而更直接地帮助用户进行防汛决策。个例研究也为发展更完整的用户导向预报系统提供了参考。     

渐进式扩张海盆亚丁湾与南海西南次海盆扩张演化特征的对比

本文总结了渐进式扩张洋中脊和渐进式演化海盆的全球空间分布,并将西南次海盆与典型渐进式演化的亚丁湾加以比对,通过对海盆扩张中心的起源、扩张中心分段特征、火山活动、磁异常特征等的比较,为西南次海盆的演化提供新观点,为南海的演化观点寻找新证据.西南次海盆为渐进式扩张的海盆,与东部次海盆属于同一期扩张形成,海盆的渐进式扩张与渐进式扩张的方向很有可能受到地幔热柱(印支地幔柱、南海中部低速柱或海南地幔柱)的控制.南海的扩张演化模式并不是单一的,而是多种模式的综合,在考虑海底演化模式时应该同时考虑地幔柱的影响.     

“Global warming” versus “climate change”: A replication on the association between political self-identification,question wording,and environmental beliefs

Climate change is one of the greatest threats to humanity and requires immediate action. Schuldt, Konrath, and Schwarz (2011) suggested that beliefs in environmental phenomena can be influenced by the terminology used to describe it: changing question wording from global warming to climate change resulted in a 6.3 percentage point increase in belief in environmental phenomena. This association was moderated by political self-identification, with Republicans being 16.2 percentage points more likely to believe in climate change than in global warming, with Democrats showing no difference. The potential for connotative meanings to shift over time and the sociopolitical changes since the original study, potential policy and environmental campaign implications, and an expansion of these findings to other countries, motivated an attempt to replicate this important finding. This pre-registered study repeated the original procedures in the United States of America and two other countries (United Kingdom and Australia; total N = 5,717). Although question wording no longer had a significant effect on beliefs in climate change/global warming, the association of political self-identification with beliefs in environmental phenomena replicated in all three countries, with Conservatives consistently believing less in climate change/global warming than Liberals. The potential impacts of temporal and methodological differences on the discrepancies between this study's and the original's findings are discussed.     

“This is a Montreal Issue”: Negotiating responsibility in global production and investment networks

While geographers have increasingly focused on how global commodity and production networks create new ‘geographies of responsibility’ there has been little empirical work considering how responsibility is worked into management systems and social activism in such networks. Drawing on literature from global production networks, geographies of responsibility and other literatures, this paper explores the dynamic and contested ways in which concepts of responsibility can play a role in network regulation. Both foreign direct investment and commodity networks (here referred to as ‘global production and investment networks’) are subject to complex negotiations and compromises involving corporate social responsibility and sustainability initiatives as well as shareholder activist, human rights, labor, and environmental activism. This is illustrated by reference to conflicts in Canada over Alcan, Inc.’s investments from 1993 to 2007 in the Utkal Alumina Project in Orissa, India. The project involved significant socio-environmental conflict. In Canada, Alcan’s investment was met by civil society campaigns that tested the company’s commitments to sustainability and corporate social responsibility. The case study suggests revising theories of geographies of responsibility. While foreign direct investment can create new relationships between distant others, these are fluid and contingent and not necessarily desirable. Rather than see networks as a source of responsibility we should work to ensure that the relationships that networks foster be structured to ensure our deeper values are respected.