Limnological effects of growth and cessation of agricultural land use in Ladoga Karelia: sedimentary pollen and diatom analyses

Reference conditions and changes in limnological conditions during the 20th century have been inferred in a palaeolimnological study of sediments from six lakes of the District of Sortavala, Karelian Republic, Russia. The area is former Finnish territory, which was in intensive use for arable field cultivation until the World War II, when the area was ceded to the Soviet Union. After the war, farming was resumed by cattle sovkhozes, and the fields were mainly used as pasture without regular ploughing. We have studied the history of eutrophication and recovery in some lakes related with the changes of agricultural intensity. The trophic level of the lakes was studied by sedimentary diatom assemblages, including reconstructions of total phosphorus levels in the lakes based on a weighted averaging transfer function. Pollen analyses were used to assess the changes in the land use near the lakes. Valuable background data on all the lakes used in the present study are provided by a doctoral thesis done on their limnology from the 1920s. According to our results, the four lakes situated on the clayey lowlands near the coast of Lake Ladoga were eutrophicating during the first half of the 20th century, and in two of them, a rapid recovery is evident. In two lakes situated in hilly landscape with limited agricultural activities, only minor changes are recorded in the diatom profiles.     

全球地面天气报数据集错站情况分析及处理方法的研究

全面分析了全球地面天气报数据集区站号存在的问题、错误区站号的存在对使用资料的影响以及错误区站号产生的原因,提出了解决错误区站号的相应处理方法.同时,对处理后的全球地面天气报数据集区站号的情况和原数据集区站号进行比较分析.     

Ellipsoidal geoid computation

Modern geoid computation uses a global gravity model, such as EGM96, as a third component in a remove–restore process. The classical approach uses only two: the reference ellipsoid and a geometrical model representing the topography. The rationale for all three components is reviewed, drawing attention to the much smaller precision now needed when transforming residual gravity anomalies. It is shown that all ellipsoidal effects needed for geoid computation with millimetric accuracy are automatically included provided that the free air anomaly and geoid are calculated correctly from the global model. Both must be consistent with an ellipsoidal Earth and with the treatment of observed gravity data. Further ellipsoidal corrections are then negligible. Precise formulae are developed for the geoid height and the free air anomaly using a global gravity model, given as spherical harmonic coefficients. Although only linear in the anomalous potential, these formulae are otherwise exact for an ellipsoidal reference Earth—they involve closed analytical functions of the eccentricity (and the Earths spin rate), rather than a truncated power series in e². They are evaluated using EGM96 and give ellipsoidal corrections to the conventional free air anomaly ranging from –0.84 to +1.14 mGal, both extremes occurring in Tibet. The geoid error corresponding to these differences is dominated by longer wavelengths, so extrema occur elsewhere, rising to +766 mm south of India and falling to –594 mm over New Guinea. At short wavelengths, the difference between ellipsoidal corrections based only on EGM96 and those derived from detailed local gravity data for the North Sea geoid GEONZ97 has a standard deviation of only 3.3 mm. However, the long-wavelength components missed by the local computation reach 300 mm and have a significant slope. In Australia, for example, such a slope would amount to a 600-mm rise from Perth to Cairns.     

空间数据库引擎SDE的研究

利用大型关系数据库管理海量的GIS数据,由于空间数据的不定长,造成存储效率低下,此外,现有的SQL并不支持空间数据库检索,需要解决空间数据和DBMS之间数据的存储、读取、检索、管理等基本功能。探讨了空间数据库引擎(SDE)的概念、实质和特点,并对Arc SDE进行了研究,对MAPGIS7.0中的SDE做了简短描述。     

基于ITRF2005框架的南美板块运动及形变分析

本文通过利用ITRF2005框架速度场以及IGS参考站近两年观测数据解算所得速度场对南美板块的运动及形变特征进行分析。结果表明,南美板块整体以约12.4mm/a的速率向北西方向运动,其欧拉矢量参数与NNR-NULVEL1A模型基本一致。形变特征表现为中南部区域西缘因纳兹卡板块俯冲向东凹陷,东侧受大西洋中脊海底扩张推力向西运动,东西向的挤压使其约以22mm/a的速度收缩并阻碍其北向运动。板块南端则受南极洲板块挤压向北西运动。     

全国矿产资源规划信息数据库及管理系统的构建

随着矿产规划管理信息的逐渐增多和矿政管理部门的需求不断提高,本文根据规划管理的业务需求以及第二轮的矿产资源规划标准,建立了全国矿产资源规划信息数据库管理系统。通过Oracle 10g建立矿产资源规划信息数据库,并通过ArcGIS Engine构建管理系统,实现了全国矿产资源规划信息的整合与共享,为矿产规划管理的科学化、精细化提供了依据。     

多种定位终端与通信相结合的森林防火应急指挥调度系统的设计与实现

结合位置服务技术与通信技术,针对林区移动信号覆盖不全的特点,以GPS车载定位终端、GPS手机、GPS无线对讲机、北斗定位终端为定位与通信介质,建立基于多终端定位与通信的森林防火应急调度系统,解决林区因信号覆盖不全而引起通信与信息传输受阻的问题,为森林防火应急指挥调度提供解决方案。     

基于GIS的社区环境信息管理系统研究

在GIS技术支持下,以福州市鼓楼区铜盘河沿岸社区作为研究对象,通过收集社区的自然环境、社会环境以及污染源等相关信息,同时结合遥感影像,运用相关软件进行空间信息的矢量化,建立起社区级环境信息管理系统.该系统包括4个模块：地图显示、数据输入、信息查询和专题图制作.本研究在建立数据库的基础上,对数据进行分析.该数据库对于社区环境信息管理系统的建设具有一定的指导意义和参考价值.     

基于QTM的海平面上升分析与模拟

针对海平面上升影响范围分析与模拟这一国际前沿问题,通过研究基于球面四元三角网(QTM)的关键技术问题,包括复杂拓扑关系计算、LOD剖分、球面水淹分析、基于QTM的多分辨率的DEM数据组织方法和分析精度的相关性评定等,以.Net和Direct3D为开发工具,设计开发了基于QTM的海平面上升影响范围评估模型。该研究结果可为全球海平面上升影响的防灾减灾决策提供有效支撑,并推动了球面数据模型和球面格网拓扑分析的理论成果在全球变化预测相关领域的应用进展。     

Topodata: Brazilian full coverage refinement of SRTM data

This work presents the selection of a set of geostatistical coefficients suitable for a unified SRTM data refinement from 3″ to 1″ through kriging over the entire Brazilian territory. This selection aimed at data potential for geomorphometric derivations, given by the preservation of detailed geometric characteristics of the resulting digital elevation models (DEM), which are sensitive to refining procedures. The development contained a long-term experimentation stage, when data refinement through kriging was locally developed to support distinct regional projects, followed by a unified selection stage, where the acquired experience was applied to select a single and unified interpolation scheme. In this stage, the selected geostatistical models with promising performances were tested for unified refinement on 40 Brazilian areas with distinct geological settings. Tested areas encompass reliefs varying from mountainous to plain. The effects of data preparation were observed on the perception of patterns (texture and roughness), as well as of singularities (edges, peaks, thalwegs etc.). Results were evaluated mainly through the examination of shaded reliefs, transects and perspectives observed in different scales. Terrains with low slopes and small amplitudes had their DEM promptly affected by the refining methods, as opposed to mountainous terrains. The evaluation, unambiguously confirmed by all consulted interpreters, converged into a refining model with outstanding performance in all tested conditions.