Changes of Atmospheric Circulation since the LastInterstadial as Indicated by the Lake-statusRecord in China

The effective precipitation and the frame of atmospheric circulation in the past three key periods, i.e. 30 ka BP, 18 ka BP and 6 ka BP, have been analyzed on the basis of the palaeolake status record produced by the Chinese Lake Status Data Base. The results show that the west-central part of China was characterized by high lake-levels at 30 ka BP, resulting from strengthened southwest monsoons; whereas the high lake stand, occurring in the west-central part of China at 18 ka BP, was caused by the southward shift and the strengthening of westerlies although the high-stand distribution was reduced. Meanwhile, the east-central part of China was under the control of strong winter monsoons at 18 ka BP. The high lake-levels, which occurred in the east-central part of China at 6 ka BP, are related to the enhanced East-Asian summer monsoons; while the lowering of the lake-level in the west-central part of China at 6 ka BP was due to the northward shift and corresponding shrink of the westerlies.A comparison b     

Stratotype for the Mérida Glaciation at Pueblo Llano in the northern Venezuelan Andes

The Mérida Glaciation (cf. Wisconsinan, Weichselian) as proposed by Schubert (1974b) culminated at about 18 ka during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and ended at about 13 ka as indicated by ¹⁴C dating and correlation with the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia. Moraines of an early stade of Mérida Glaciation reached to 2800 m a.s.l. and were largely overrun or eradicated by the maximum Wisconsinan advance (LGM); where they outcrop, the older moraines are characterized by eroded, weathered glacial diamictons and outwash fans.At Pueblo Llano in the central Mérida Andes (Cordillera de Trujillo), older to younger beds of contorted glacitectonized diamict, overlying beds of bouldery till and indurated outwash, all belong to the early Mérida stade. Overlying the early Mérida stade, deposits of rhythmically bedded glaciolacustrine sediments are in turn overlain with contorted sand and silt beds capped with outwash. Above the outwash terrace a loop moraine of LGM age completely encircles the margins of the basin. A stream cut exposed by catastrophic (tectonic or surge?) release of meltwater displays a lithostratigraphic succession that is bereft of organic material for radiocarbon dating. Five optically-stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates place the maximum age of the lowest till at 81 ka.Particle size distributions allow clear distinctions between major lithic units. Heavy mineral analysis of the middle and lower coarse units in the section provide information on sediment sourcing and on major lithostratigraphic divisions. Trace element concentrations provide information on the relative homogeneity of the deposits. The HREE (heavy rare earth element) concentrations allow discrimination of the lower till from the rest of the section; the LREE (light rare earth element) concentrations highlight differences between the lower till, LGM till, and the rest of the section.     

Sediment dynamics in the Eurasian Arctic Ocean during the last deglaciation — The clay mineral group smectite perspective

This study focuses on sedimentological investigations of sediment cores recovered during the international Arctic′91, expeditions with the German research ice breaker RV “Polarstern” to the European sector of the Arctic Ocean. Here, we deduce the last glacial/interglacial changes in transport mechanism and sedimentation from the clay mineral group smectite. We choose the smectites as an example of how sediment mineralogy can be linked with particular source regions (the Kara and Laptev seas), distinct transport mechanism (sea ice and surface currents) and sedimentation processes. Smectite contents in Arctic sediments discussed for two time slices, including the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and the last deglaciation (Termination I), reveal the highest variability subsequent to the retreat of the Eurasian ice sheets. Our results show that smectite anomalies in the Eurasian Basin are associated with distinct meltwater pulses and occurred around 13.5–13.0 ¹⁴C ka B.P. Compelling evidence is provided that these anomalies are deduced from sea-ice entrained sediments from the eastern Kara Sea that entered the Arctic Ocean after ice-sheet break-up and eventually flooding of the Kara Sea. We propose that smectite anomalies in sediments of the eastern Arctic Ocean can be utilized to identify deglacial events and to help decipher configurations of the Eurasian ice sheets. The identification of smectite maxima along the modern sea-ice edge in the Eurasian Basin further indicates biologically enhanced sedimentation from melting sea ice allowing the reconstruction of seasonally open water in the region. Hence, considering the poor preservation conditions of primary paleoceanographic proxies in the Arctic Ocean, the clay mineral contents, particularly the smectite group, may be one alternative tool for paleoclimatic reconstruction in the Eurasian Basin.     

本土产业发展视角下的乡村地方性重构——基于阳美玉器产业的文化经济地理分析

以广东揭阳的玉器生产专业村阳美村为例,从文化经济地理学视角解读本土产业发展中地方性的嵌入与重构。研究发现:本土产业在地方性多方要素的驱动与支撑下产生,在多重尺度政治经济过程作用与地方主体的响应下发展。地方性是本土产业产生并建立对外功能联系的初始条件,也是主体响应结构变动所做战略选择和地方营销的依托。在地方性嵌入产业发展的同时,生产、生活和宗教等地方活动被强化了与玉器生产相关的功能和意义,民居、街巷、宗祠等空间形制因传统功能被挤压而出现重塑。地方活动与景观的变化并未弱化地方意义,村民的地方依赖和依恋因本土产业提供了更好的发展机会与荣誉感而增强。     

末次盛冰期巽他大陆北部草本植被扩张

末次盛冰期(Last Glacial Maximum, LGM)全球低海平面时,巽他陆架大面积暴露,其上的植被类型对于生物多样性演化和全球陆地碳储库有重要影响。但目前植被重建结果仍存在很大争议:一种观点认为LGM时巽他陆架主要分布稀树草原植被,雨林只零星存在于少数区域;而一些数值模拟结果和沉积记录显示巽他陆架上不存在大面积跨赤道的稀树草原,雨林植被仍占主导。LGM时巽他大陆北部可靠的植被记录十分有限。本研究依据靠近巽他陆架北部古河流入海口的沉积物岩芯,利用叶蜡烷烃含量和正构烷烃平均链长指标重建LGM时北巽他大陆的植被信息,结果显示平均链长在22～14.5 kaBP期间出现最大值,推测相对于全新世,冰期时巽他大陆北部草本成分增加。海平面降低使得冰期太平洋沃克环流减弱,呈现类厄尔尼诺状态,导致巽他大陆地区干旱加重,特别是赤道外围区域(南北纬7°以外)降水季节性增强,这种气候状态可能是草本植被成分增多的主要因素。     

末次盛冰期长江南京段河槽特征及古流量(英文)

The stratigraphical cross-sections of the Yangtze River incised-valley near the No.1,No.3 and No.4 Nanjing Yangtze River bridges were established with respective bore date and documents.By 14C age analysis of the samples of four drilling cores near the No.4 Bridge(to be built),we can find that the time range of paleo-valley is dated in the LGM at a depth of-60 m to-90 m near Nanjing.It is also indicated that the deep incised-valley channel was narrow and the river flowed swiftly.The ancient Yangtze River deep channel presented partially and deeply incised features near the No.1 Bridge.According to previous publications,much research has been done on the main paleo-channel of the Yangtze River,but few results have been achieved on discharge estimation.In this paper,the incipient velocity and average velocity of the LGM was calculated with Vc = 4.60 d 1/3 h1/6,95 Vc 1.28lg 13.15.h.gd,d = 6 * 90 V 6.5u h≈ d,etc.,in terms of the river shape,sedimentary grain size and sequences near the No.3 and No.1 bridges.Moreover,the discharge in Nanjing reach of the Yangtze River during the LGM has been estimated to be around 12,000-16,000 m3/s according to the relationship of discharge,velocity of flow and cross-section.     

冰川均衡调整对南极冰质量平衡监测的影响及其不确定性

本文研究了新的全球冰川均衡调整(GIA)模型对南极冰盖质量平衡监测的影响,考虑现有冰川负荷模型和地幔黏滞度模型的差异,完整评估了结果的不确定性,最后结合GRACE和卫星测高的结果进行了对比分析.结果表明,GIA对GRACE监测的等效水柱变化有重大影响,较大的GIA影响出现在西南极,沿罗斯冰架-卡姆布冰流-罗尼冰架-南极半岛分布,最大值在卡姆布冰流,达到29.8 mm/a;GIA对南极整体冰质量平衡的影响达到134±28 Gt/a.在不确定性的方差中,西南极和东南极分别以冰负荷模型差异和地幔黏滞度差异影响为主,对整个南极,冰模型差异影响占88.4%;在一些典型地区,GRACE监测的等效水柱在扣除GIA前后分别是,卡姆布冰流~32.8 mm/a和~6.3 mm/a,阿蒙森海湾~-95.3 mm/a和~-102.5 mm/a,Enderby Land~13.6 mm/a和~8.1 mm/a.整个南极冰盖总质量变化在扣除GIA贡献后为-82±29 Gt/a,该估计与卫星测高结果较吻合.此外,GIA对卫星测高监测的冰面高程变化的影响一般不超过8%.本研究为空间大地测量监测南极冰质量平衡提供了新的改正模型.     

大渡河某水电站坝段河谷演化初步分析

大渡河某水电站坝址河段上、下坝址在河床覆盖层厚度、层次结构、河谷形态方面表现出较大的差异。本文在构造、气候背景基础上对坝段河床覆盖层成因和河谷演化进行了初步分析。认为在晚更新世末次冰期晚冰阶,坝段河谷以冰川剥蚀为主,上坝址河谷至今仍保留较完整U型冰槽谷。下坝址在后期发生了一次强烈下蚀,河谷呈深切V型谷,并在上、下坝址间谷底基覆界面形成纵向陡坎。全新世以来,坝段河谷以加积作用为主,堆积旺盛、侵蚀减弱,下坝址在深切河谷基础上堆积深厚覆盖层,并在中部发育一层堰塞湖相堆积。     

中全新世和末次盛冰期北大西洋涛动变化及其与亚洲降水的联系:基于MPI-ESM模拟试验

本文利用古气候模式比较计划第三阶段(PMIP3)中MPI-ESM模式模拟输出, 采用主分量分析、回归分析、多窗谱分析等方法, 探讨了中全新世(MH)和末次盛冰期(LGM)北大西洋涛动(NAO)变化及其与亚洲降水的关系。结果表明:MH冬季NAO较现代有轻微增大, 南部高压中心东移; 而LGM冬季NAO明显减弱, 南北气压活动中心转为西南-东北走向。MH冬季强NAO信号可通过海洋记忆效应持续至夏季, 并以准静止Rossby波形式传至东亚地区, 导致乌拉尔山和鄂霍次克海阻高增强、贝加尔湖低压加深, 这种倒"Ω"流场增强有利于冷空气南下, 并通过热成风原理使得副热带西风急流增强, 急流南侧产生上升异常, 有利于该区降水产生; 而LGM时NAO减弱引起夏季倒"Ω"流场减弱, 冷空气南下弱于现代, 使得副热带西风急流减弱, 其南侧产生下沉异常, 最终抑制降水。因此, MH和LGM两阶段的NAO引起大气环流的变化可能对亚洲夏季降水产生影响。     

末次盛冰期以来挪威海北部陆源物质输入对气候变化的响应

北大西洋记录的末次冰期以来千年尺度快速气候变化对研究未来气候突变具有重要意义。对取自挪威海北部ACR5-BB03岩心进行了沉积物粒度组成、AMS14C测年、颜色反射率和高分辨率XRF地球化学元素无损扫描测试,运用因子分析方法判别了不同来源沉积物的地球化学组成差异,并与末次盛冰期以来北大西洋海洋循环机制和气候变化对比分析,讨论了海洋环境变化对沉积物来源的影响和制约机制。结果显示,末次盛冰期以来挪威海北部沉积物组成经历了剧烈变化,可与北大西洋暖流、冰盖消融、温盐环流和北大西洋深层水的变化密切关联。21.5 cal.kaBP之前沉积物粒度和化学组成特征与之后明显不同,陆源物质占优势,并以一种有序的层状膨胀性矿物层的出现为特征,表明此时海冰扩张带来的冰筏碎屑物质使得挪威海陆源物质输入增强和颗粒粗化;21.5~16.5 cal.kaBP期间生源物质贡献增强,陆源物质含量减少,预示了北大西洋暖流的向北极入侵和挪威海水体的垂向交换增强;16.5~10 cal.kaBP期间生源物质含量又出现了阶段性减少,陆源物质贡献增强,说明冰消期频繁变化的冰融水输入和北大西洋暖流强度对挪威海物质来源的影响;10 cal.kaBP以来,生源组分迅速增加,且变化频率和幅度同时加剧,北大西洋暖流的强弱波动及其导致的温盐环流变化是挪威海物质来源的控制因素。