Geochemical evidence for arc-type volcanism in the Aegean Sea: the blueschist unit of Siphnos, Cyclades (Greece)

Blueschists, eclogites, chlorite–actinolite rocks and jadeite-gneisses of the blueschist unit of Siphnos have been investigated for their geochemical composition. Their protolith nature is characterised and a geodynamic model for the pre-metamorphic evolution of these metavolcanic rocks is proposed on the basis of immobile elements, especially trace elements and rare earth elements (REE).

The protoliths of the eclogites are characterised as calc-alkaline basalts, andesites and Fe-rich tholeiites evolving in an island-arc setting. Trace element data indicate that subducted marine sediments were assimilated in the magma chamber, enriching the protoliths in LILE and Pb. Produced in the early stage of back-arc basin opening, a protolith with affinities to both island-arc and MORB formed the precursor of the chlorite–actinolite rocks. They were created by low degrees of partial melting of very primitive magmas, akin to spinel-peridotites and have affinities to boninites, probably through melting of the peridotitic mantle wedge. Tholeiitic basalts and andesites with N-MORB affinity, especially in their REE-patterns, were then produced by partial melting, possibly in an embryonic back-arc basin. These rocks were the protoliths of the blueschists of Siphnos. Their enrichment in some LILE and Pb indicates a N-MORB source contaminated by marine sediments, probably shales or other Pb-rich sediments. Because the jadeite-gneisses show affinities to MOR-granites and volcanic arc granites, intrusion of their protoliths in a back-arc environment is likely. The protoliths of the quartz-jadeite gneisses are rhyodacites/dacites and rhyolites, those of the glaucophane-jadeite gneisses were andesites.

The proposed geodynamic model, solely based on geochemical data, is consistent with geochemical data from neighbouring islands, though those rock units show much higher chemical variability. Consistent with geotectonic models, which are based on structural and geophysical data, the volcanic protoliths of the Siphnos blueschist unit reflect the transition from subduction to spreading environment and record in detail: subduction, formation of an island-arc, and the evolution of a back-arc basin.     

Characteristic of Gravity and Magnetic Anomalies in the Daba Shan and the Sichuan basin, China: Implication for Architecture of the Daba Shan

The Dabashan nappe structural belt links the Hannan block to the west with the Huangling block to the east between Yangxian and Xiangfan. The Dabashan arc-shaped fold belt formed during late Jurassic and was superposed on earlier Triassic folds. To achieve an improved understanding of the deep tectonics of the Dabashan nappe structural belt, we processed and interpreted the gravity and magnetic data for this area using new deep reflection seismic and other geophysical data as constraints. The results show that the Sichuan basin and Daba Mountains lie between the Longmenshan and Wulingshan gravity gradient belts. The positive magnetic anomalies around Nanchong-Tongjiang-Wanyuan-Langao and around Shizhu result from the crystalline basement. Modeling of the gravity and magnetic anomalies in the Daba Mountains and the Sichuan basin shows that the crystalline basement around Nanchong-Tongjiang-Wanyuan-Langao extends to the northeast underneath the Wafangdian fault near Ziyang. The magnetic field boundary in the Zhenba-Wanyuan-Chengkou-Zhenping area is the major boundary of the Dabashan nappe thrusting above the Sichuan Basin. This boundary might be the demarcation between the south Dabashan and the north Dabashan structural elements. The low gravity anomaly between Tongjiang and Chengkou might be partly caused by thickened lower crust. The local low gravity anomaly to the south of Chengkou-Wanyuan might result from Mesozoic strata of low density in the Dabashan foreland depression area.     

利用重力异常研究内蒙古八大关—伊敏苏木剖面的地壳构造

在波数域中处理八大关—伊敏苏木剖面重力资料,使用离散余弦变换反演法计算出重力基底起伏界面深度,利用Hilbert变换计算重力归一化总梯度及其相位.根据布格异常特征及归一化总梯度相位曲线,划分了15条断裂,反演了该剖面重力基底起伏界面,并对重力基底构造特征进行了分析,将研究区划分出3个凹陷区,确定伊敏凹陷、鄂温克凹陷和东明凹陷为油气远景区.     

乐山大佛风化剥蚀及渗水病害防治对策

世界遗产乐山大佛位于四川盆地西南部丘陵区,由白垩系夹关组（K1j）紫红色砂岩雕刻而成,但砂岩风化强烈,给大佛的保护带来极大的困难。长期以来,乐山大佛的保护受到国内外多方关注,众多专家学者进行了潜心研究,相关部门也采取了许多保护措施。但乐山大佛的保护目前仍面临两个主要问题,一是大佛遭受日晒雨淋、风化剥蚀,二是佛身受到渗水病害威胁。要保护好乐山大佛,就必须彻底解决上述两个问题。通过对乐山大佛风化剥蚀及渗水病害机理的探讨,有针对性地提出了相应解决办法和治理措施。     

赣中变质岩带的组成及构造变质变形特征

赣中变质岩带不是简单的一套震旦纪地层 ,而是由结晶基底中元古界中深变质岩系 (斜长角闪岩的Sm Nd全岩等时线年龄为 1113± 4 9Ma)和褶皱基底变质较浅的震旦系组成。两者之间以具热流体参与的混合岩化、韧性剪切带和递进变质三位一体组成的动热变质带接触。结晶基底经历了4期构造变质变形的叠加改造 ,每期构造变形都在变质岩石构造单元内留下各种变形形迹 ,变质作用表现为时间上的递进和空间上的叠加演化系列 ,是一套以众多的不平衡结构和多相共生混存的矿物组合 ,热变质带为一套动热变质塑性变形带 ,空间上依次形成绢云母—绿泥石带、黑云母带、石榴石带、十字石带以及夕线石带     

广西若干重大基础地质特征

文章根据华南地区物探、化探、遥感编图广西综合解译成果,研究广西若干重大基础地质特征,着重讨论地壳结构、深部构造、主要隐伏深断裂带、基底性质等,以板块观点划分大地构造单元,提出广西地壳属陆壳型性质和扬子板块在广西的边界划在三江-大新一线的新认识.     

吉林省集安地区晶质石墨矿矿床特征及找矿标志

吉林省集安地区是晶质石墨矿的主要产地,晶质石墨矿矿床赋存于集安群荒岔沟组中,层控特征明显,同时也是其直接找矿标志。     

结晶釉的绿辉石研究

本文报道利用天然长石、石英、石灰岩、白云岩为主要原料配制结晶釉釉料，通过均匀成核方式，研制辉石结晶釉的工艺和釉析晶的晶体化学及形态学特征。析晶形态多样，长达１０－１３ｍｍ，经光迩显微镜、电子探针、Ｘ射线粉晶衍射分析，确定釉析晶属于透辉石－硬硬玉系列的绿辉石，称为绿辉石结晶釉。以此说明用天然矿物岩石配制结晶釉釉料是可行的，具有降低成本，扩大结晶釉应用领域的前景。     

川西攀枝花—西昌地区结晶基底的划分

长期以来，由于同位素年龄依据不足和没有正确区分晚二叠世热接触变质岩、喜马拉雅期动力变质岩与前震旦纪区域变质岩，攀西地区结晶基底的划分存在许多困难和问题。本文依据1：50000区域地质调查结果，将原仁和群(Pt1R)修改为晚二叠世岩浆岩和喜马拉雅期动力变质岩，将五马箐(岩)组(Pt1w)和顶针杂岩(Pt1D)修改为晚二叠世热接触变质岩和喜马拉雅期动力变质岩，将安宁村组(Ptlα)和纸房沟组(Pt1z)修改为震旦系地层，并依据岩石学、岩石化学和微量元素地球化学特征，将结晶基底划分为变质侵入体、变质表壳岩和TTG套岩，论述了结晶基底的成因和演化。     

内蒙古阿拉善左旗查汗木胡鲁晶质石墨矿地质特征及找矿标志

查汗木胡鲁晶质石墨矿为赋存于中太古代乌拉山岩群片麻岩段含石墨变质岩系中的区域变质型矿床,严格受矿体分布层位控制,含矿岩性为含石墨黑云斜长片麻岩、石墨透辉斜长片麻岩、石墨辉石斜长片麻岩、含石墨黑云二长片麻岩、石墨石榴斜长片麻岩、含石榴石墨黑云斜长片麻岩。经历多期次区域变质作用形成。采用新的成矿理论,对典型矿床的地质特征、构造背景、炭质来源进行研究,确定了查汗木胡鲁晶质石墨矿床的成矿模式,对利用该模式寻找相似成因矿床具有一定的指导意义。