粤中前震旦纪基底锆石Pb-Pb蒸发年龄及其地质意义

粤中前震旦纪基底的成因及时代一直有较大争议。对组成前震旦纪基底的中元古代变质表壳岩长安岩组和中元古代变质长英质侵入岩进行了同位素年龄测定。长安岩组长石石英角岩透镜体中浑圆锆石的 Pb-Pb蒸发年龄为 ( 1 81 2± 2 9) Ma、结晶锆石年龄为 ( 1 2 97.8± 1 3 ) Ma,变质长英质侵入岩条纹状二长片麻岩中结晶锆石年龄为 ( 4 89± 1 4)和 ( 1 0 44± 2 7) Ma,表明粤中地区基底主要成生于中元古代 ,沉积时期为长城纪或以前 ,蓟县纪曾有较大规模岩浆活动 ,中元古代晚期已基本形成了前震旦纪结晶基底的构造格架。     

宝石中常见过渡金属离子致色的理论解释

从晶体场理论或配位场理论出发，应用群论的方法，从理论上系统地解释了宝石中常见的因过渡金属离子在不同的配位场环境下而引起的能级分裂，并详细地阐述了这一理论分析的程序，最后列举实例并给予了理论解释。     

集安市泉眼晶质石墨矿地质特征及找矿方向

泉眼晶质石墨矿产于古元古界集安岩群荒岔沟岩组变质岩系中,矿体严格受地层层位和区域构造的控制,成矿有明显的规律性,矿石质量稳定。古元古界集安岩群在通化—集安—带广泛发育,为一套含石墨硅质富镁的火山—沉积建造,是晶质石墨矿找矿的重点区域。     

Low frequency complex conductivity measurements of microcrack properties

The frequency dependence of complex electrical conductivity in the IP frequency range (10^–3 to 10³ Hertz) has been investigated for a variety of microcracked rocks from the German continental deep drilling project (KTB), Northern Bavaria. The laboratory measurements were made with a computer controlled four-electrode system on plugs saturated with brine of different salinity. It has been found that the complex nature of the conductivity is caused solely by the capacitive behaviour of the interlayer region between the solid matrix and the electrolytic pore solution. The resulting main feature of the conductivity spectra is a constant phase angle over the investigated frequency range combined with a nearly identical power law frequency dependence of the real as well as the imaginary parts. The low-frequency exponent is in the order of about 0 to 0.05. It is related to common IP-parameters. The relationships between the frequency exponent and microcrack properties are of special interest. The results of the study show that the frequency exponent is (1) proportional to the surface area to porosity ratio, (2) inversely proportional to water salinity, and (3) dependent on water composition. Complex conductivity measurements allow an uncomplicated separation of electrical volume and interface effects. Moreover, the results suggest that determination of specific surface area of microcracked rocks directly from complex electrical measurements can be made.     

黄河上游龙羊峡-刘家峡河段巨型滑坡形成机理分析

在阐述黄河上游龙羊峡-刘家峡河段内巨型滑坡类型及分布基本事实的基础上,分析了巨型滑坡发育与黄河形成演化历史的关联性。认为黄河上游龙羊峡-刘家峡河段的共和盆地、贵德盆地、循化盆地经历了昆黄运动B幕(距今800ka左右)的流水侵蚀夷平,而李家峡-公伯峡及龙羊峡多隆沟西段为剥蚀台面(分水岭带); 距今125ka年以来的共和运动导致了本河段的切穿贯通,并使得黄河呈阶段性塑造高陡岸坡,从而导致了早期的快速下切,并于距今30-50ka在尖扎盆地达到高值,引发了早期推移式高速巨型滑坡及堵塞河道事件和古湖岸再造型巨型滑坡; 晚期的间歇性下切,引发了晚期气候解体型巨型滑坡。因此,构造抬升致使黄河流水阶段性下切,是造就区内巨型滑坡发生的根本原因。而地震地质作用及堵河事件的发生,是区内巨型滑坡形成的诱发因素。并确定了黄河上游龙羊峡-刘家峡河段巨型滑坡形成机理可分为地震型、库岸再造型和气候解体型等3种类型。     

高喜马拉雅变质岩“夕线石带”的地质意义

通过对聂拉木高喜马拉雅结晶岩系石榴子石带-十字石带-蓝晶石带-夕线石带倒转变质的研究,认为除夕线石带以外的其它变质带主要由固相变质反应形成。夕线石的出现并非蓝晶石或十字石带递增变质所致。"倒转变质"不应包括所谓的夕线石带。实际上,夕线石化与深熔作用之后的溶液（或熔体）活动更为密切。时间顺序上应是递增变质作用及分带→深熔作用→夕线石化,夕线石的出现不是深熔作用的开始,而是深熔作用的结束。夕线石的形成主要与变形作用过程中黑云母和／或钾长石的分解及碱（土）金属组分的迁移有关,关键在于溶液（或熔体）组分沿裂隙迁移过程中发生的组分逐步沉淀,最早沉凝的Al、Si组分形成夕线石和石英,之后陆续有其它的组分的结晶;细夕线石粗粒化即进一步转化形成柱状夕线石的同时形成蠕英结构和斜长石生长边。夕线石化可能与深熔花岗（片麻）岩的上升过程有关。     

Textures in Partially Solidified Crystalline Nodules: a Window into the Pore Structure of Slowly Cooled Mafic Intrusions

Abundant glass is present along grain boundaries in coarse-grained,glass-bearing, crystalline gabbroic and peridotitic nodulesentrained and erupted in lavas from Iceland, Santorini and MaunaLoa (Hawaii), even when the total porosity is less than a fewvolume per cent. The glass films vary from a few microns toa few tens of microns thick, and are associated with stringsof small lensoid grain boundary pockets formed by impingementduring crystal growth. Additional porosity occurs as extensiveliquid-filled pockets adjacent to included grains within oikocrystsand as large triangular pockets formed by impingement of planar-sidedgrains. Interstitial material within glass films, and the irregularityof film thickness along a single grain boundary, suggest thatthe present pore structure is representative of the pore structurebefore entrainment and eruption. Pore geometry is consistentwith a dominant control by crystal growth during solidification,with little or no evidence for control by minimization of internalenergies driven by textural equilibration. Similarities betweenliquid distribution in the crystalline nodules and that of late-stage,interstitial phases in fully solidified mafic cumulates fromthe Rum and Skaergaard intrusions demonstrate that the crystallinenodules provide information about the latest stages of solidificationin slowly cooled mafic plutons. The highly permeable networkof intersecting liquid films, lenses and pockets may promotein situ crystallization in the solidifying mush, explainingthe common presence of adcumulates in such intrusions. KEY WORDS: textures; liquid distribution; mafic cumulates; crystalline nodules     

准噶尔盆地基底断裂的重磁学研究

利用准噶尔盆地及周边地区1/20万重力、航磁数据,使用重力、航磁位场频率域转换、正则化滤波、布格重力异常向上延拓、求导、磁异常化极以及趋势分析方法,在准噶尔盆地内部确定了47条主要断裂,并将其分为3个等级,其中一级断裂6条,二级断裂6条,三级断裂35条。尤其是通过详细的资料处理,并结合盆地盖层沉积特点确定了基底SN,EW向断裂F1,F6的存在。这2组主要断裂将准噶尔盆地的基底划分为4个象限,是新的基底构造格架建立的重要依据之一     

黄陵断穹核部鳞片石墨矿床石墨矿物学研究

笔者研究黄陵断穹核部鳞片石墨矿床中石墨的矿物学特征,分析石墨生成的世代与石墨片径的关系,指出寻找大鳞片石墨矿的方向。本区石墨有序化程度高、结晶完好,具有高中级区域变质的成因特点;石墨有3个矿物世代,分别形成于绿片岩相、角闪岩相及麻粒岩相;石墨片径随变质程度提高而增大。碳质沉积岩原岩的角闪岩相及麻粒岩相分布区是寻找大鳞片石墨的目标区。     

Hazard assessment and runout analysis for an unstable rock slope above an industrial site in the Riviera valley, Switzerland

This paper presents a detailed field investigation and hazard assessment for an unstable rock slope above an industrial site in the Riviera valley in the Canton of Ticino in southern Switzerland. An integrated framework was used to counter issues of geological complexity and uncertainty, linking geological mapping and numerical modeling to develop an understanding of the acting instability mechanism to 2-D and 3-D dynamic runout simulations to predict the travel path and reach in the event of a large volume rockslide. The results from the numerical stability analysis provided a means to constrain failure volume estimates, whereas a series of calibration simulations were used to constrain the input parameters required by the rheological model used for the runout analysis. Results from this assessment suggest that current protection measures in place may not be sufficient, helping local authorities to define hazard zones and aid further development plans for the region.