A study of solar modulation of medium energy primary cosmic ray nuclei

The energy spectra of primary cosmic rays were studied in the energy interval 150 to 450 MeV/nucl by using balloon-borne cellulose-nitrate solid-state plastic detector. Effects of solar modulation were studied using the theoretical spectrum ofH ₁ nuclei near the solar minimum in 1964 as the demodulated spectrum. The ‘force-field’ potential which fit the experimental results was estimated to be 270 MeV/nucl.     

The X-ray luminosity of isolated pulsars

We obtained a theoretical relation between the X-ray luminosity and the rotational energy loss of isolated pulsars, which is in agreement with the observed X-ray data.     

1974年10月11日白光耀斑的光谱分析

１９７４年１０月１１日耀斑的光谱分析表明，连续发射和微波爆发几乎同时达到极大。在连续辐射极大时刻出现了高项巴耳末发射线和微弱的巴耳末跳跃，所有这些说明这个耀斑是Ｉ型白光耀斑。我们发现，在这个耀斑连续发射的极大时刻，ＣａＩＩＫ线的Ｋ１处强度大大增强，约达到连续辐射强度的一半，对应的辐射温度达到５７１６Ｋ。这个反常增强的持续时间小于４分钟。现有的半经验模型似不能给出这样的结果。色球压缩区也不能给出解释     

On one technique for determining the spacecraft attitude prom the sun

A variant to implement a spacecraft (SC) spatial attitude system with respect to the Sun is discussed. The sunward direction and the solar rotation axis are used as reference points. The system is based on measuring spectral line Doppler shift by scanning the solar image along the limb and is self-adjusting for relative spectral line shifts and instrument band shifts. The first harmonic of the signal serves as a basis for accurate adjustment of filter band. The second harmonic phase is used to measure the spacecraft attitude. The application of this method holds the greatest promise when the SO is stabilized by the sunward spinning because this ensures continuous monitoring of the spacecraft attitude.In addition, the method provides information on the precise coordinates of solar surface details during space-borne observations.     

耀斑色球压缩区的传播与谱线的不对称性

色球压缩区是耀斑大气动力学过程的一个基本特征，是产生色球谱线红不对称性的基础。本文基于压缩区从大气高层向低层传播的理论公式，在二种不同情况下，计算得到了压缩区内物质运动速度随高度和时间的变化．结果表明，色球蒸发区压力增量Δｐ为常数时压缩区之寿命比压缩区波阵面后的压力ｐ２为常数时要长得多，这就大大缓解了以往谱线不对称性的延续时间的理论值比观测值小的矛盾。形成高度不同的谱线具有不同程度的不对称性这一观测现象也同色球压缩区的传播特性相一致。     

Proton and He^2＋ Temperature Anisotropies in the Solar Wind Driven by Ion Cyclotron Waves

We carried out one-dimensional hybrid simulations of resonant scattering of protons and He^2 ions by ion cyclotron waves in an initially homogeneous, collisionless and magnetized plasma. The initial ion cyclotron waves have a power spectrum and propagate both outward and inward. Due to the resonant interaction with the protons and He^2 ions, the wave power will be depleted in the resonance region. Both the protons and He^2 ions can be resonantly heated in the direction perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field and leading to anisotropic velocity distributions, with the anisotropy higher for the He^2 ions than for the protons. At the same time, the anisotropies of the protons and He^2 ions are inversely correlated with the plasma β‖p=8πnpkBT‖p/B0^2, consistent with the prediction of the quasilinear theory (QLT).     

A Probable Short Decimetric Type Ⅰ-like Noise Storm: Associated with Type Ⅲ Bursts?

A rare Type I-like noise storm was observed with the solar radio spectrometers (1.0-2.0 GHz and 2.60-3.8 GHz) at National Astronomical Observatories of China (NAOC) on September 23, 1998. We concentrate on checking the Type I-like noise storm occurred in the decay phase of a Type Ⅳ radio burst. This noise storm consists of many Type I bursts and isolated Type Ⅲ or Type Ⅲ pair bursts. It has a bandwidth of ≤0.5 GHz. The duration of each Type I burst is of the order of 100-300 ms. The total duration is greater than 11 minutes. The circular polarization     

太阳黑子运动引起的耀斑与活动区的耦合

利用紫台赣榆站太阳精细结构望远镜拍摄的色球和光球照片，研究了1990年11月6日至13日NOAA6361活动区的磁位形演化和耀斑产生区域，发现该活动区的活动主要集中在11日和12日两天还观测到新老活动区的碰撞耦合及耦合界面处小纤维（fibril）的快速变化，这些现象是由于前导黑子之一的p1黑子的连续几天的运动造成的．所有的活动也主要集中在P1黑子的周围．     

Spectral lags and the energy dependence of pulse width in gamma-ray bursts: contributions from the relativistic curvature effect

We compute the temporal profiles of the gamma-ray burst pulse in the four Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) Large Area Detector (LAD) discriminator energy channels, with the relativistic curvature effect of an expanding fireball being explicitly investigated. Assuming an intrinsic 'Band' shape spectrum and an intrinsic energy-independent emission profile, we show that merely the curvature effect can produce detectable spectral lags if the intrinsic pulse profile has a gradually decaying phase. We examine the spectral lag's dependences on some physical parameters, such as the Lorentz factor Γ, the low-energy spectral index, α, of the intrinsic spectrum, the duration of the intrinsic radiation   t '_d  and the fireball radius R . It is shown that approximately the lag  ∝Γ⁻¹  and  ∝ t '_d  , and a spectrum with a more extruded shape (a larger α) causes a larger lag. We find no dependence of the lag on R . Quantitatively, the lags produced from the curvature effect are marginally close to the observed ones, while larger lags require extreme physical parameter values, e.g.  Γ < 50  , or  α > −0.5  . The curvature effect causes an energy-dependent pulse width distribution but the energy dependence of the pulse width we obtained is much weaker than the observed   W ∝ E ^−0.4  one. This indicates that some intrinsic mechanism(s), other than the curvature effect, dominates the pulse narrowing of gamma-ray bursts.     

自引力辐射体系的熵与引力坍缩

本文利用李立新和刘辽导出的黑洞视界附近的辐射态方程，计算了约束在一个球形盒子中的目引力辐射体系的墙（不含中心黑洞和含有中心黑洞两种情况）．与Sorkin等人的计算比较，本文的结果不会出现发散困难，而且体系的总摘（包括中心黑洞的墙）的上阳正好等于坍缩后形成的同质量的黑洞嫡．作者认为，自引力辐射体系坍绩的合理模式是先形成中心黑洞，然后中心黑洞逐渐长大直至整个体系全部坍缩为黑洞．在坍缩过程中，任一中间态的媳总是比末态的黑洞墙小，到坍缩过程结束总熵才等于对应的黑洞摘．这一结果为黑洞滴的起源提供了一个合理的解释．