全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3307篇 |
免费 | 423篇 |
国内免费 | 489篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 145篇 |
大气科学 | 946篇 |
地球物理 | 559篇 |
地质学 | 385篇 |
海洋学 | 260篇 |
天文学 | 1505篇 |
综合类 | 111篇 |
自然地理 | 308篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 15篇 |
2023年 | 46篇 |
2022年 | 57篇 |
2021年 | 83篇 |
2020年 | 71篇 |
2019年 | 73篇 |
2018年 | 68篇 |
2017年 | 63篇 |
2016年 | 66篇 |
2015年 | 108篇 |
2014年 | 130篇 |
2013年 | 138篇 |
2012年 | 131篇 |
2011年 | 140篇 |
2010年 | 122篇 |
2009年 | 249篇 |
2008年 | 226篇 |
2007年 | 253篇 |
2006年 | 220篇 |
2005年 | 223篇 |
2004年 | 182篇 |
2003年 | 188篇 |
2002年 | 186篇 |
2001年 | 153篇 |
2000年 | 157篇 |
1999年 | 146篇 |
1998年 | 127篇 |
1997年 | 90篇 |
1996年 | 85篇 |
1995年 | 87篇 |
1994年 | 77篇 |
1993年 | 53篇 |
1992年 | 33篇 |
1991年 | 38篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 28篇 |
1988年 | 24篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4219条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
Weng Duming 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1995,9(2):228-236
ERBE and ISCCP data are used to investigate the cloud forcing and latitude and atmospheric temperature effects on outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) in the earth-atmosphere system,and the similarity of OLR field to 500 hPa and surface effective radiation fields.Also,discussion is taken up of the OLR distribution on a nationwide basis,indicating that the winter(summer) OLR pattern is roughly a zonal type(asymmetrical saddle) with the annual pattern analogous to the January one.In the end the yearly OLR variation features are addressed on a regional basis. 相似文献
102.
地面臭氧的变化规律和计算方法的初步研究Ⅱ.可见光波段 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过对广州鼎湖山近地面O3、NOx、太阳辐射,气象参数等项目的观测和理论分析,研究了地面O3与NOx等微量气体及太阳可见光辐射的变化规律,详细讨论了可见光波段、不同天气条件地面O3与NOx、光化学反应、气溶胶、可见光辐射等之间复杂的关系.提出以光能量传输与守恒的观点来考虑大气中与可见光辐射有关的主要过程,并以此来研究大气光化学过程中所遵循的能量规律,建立了一个简单、实用、省时的统计模式,用于计算地面O3浓度.结果表明:不同情况下,计算值与观测值吻合得均比较一致. 相似文献
103.
青藏高原云-辐射-加热效应和南亚夏季风--1985年与1987年对比分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
文中首先利用NCEP NCAR再分析的风场资料 ,分析了南亚夏季风的时空特征 ,选取了有代表性的典型强、弱夏季风年 ,继而利用ISCCP C2、ERBE S4卫星观测资料和NCEP NCAR再分析资料 ,对比分析了强、弱夏季风前期青藏高原地区的云—辐射—加热状况及其在海、陆差异中的作用。分析结果表明 ,南亚夏季风强或弱 ,其前期青藏高原地区的云—辐射—加热效应有明显的差异。在强 (弱 )南亚夏季风的前期 ,青藏高原大部分地区为相对少 (多 )云区 ,其云量变化不仅表明了此区的云—辐射—加热效应的不同 ,更重要的是与此同时出现的海、陆之间云量分布的“跷跷板”现象 ,进一步改变了海、陆之间的热力差异。而且 ,在强南亚夏季风年 ,这种热力差异不但开始得早 ,而且持续时间长、作用范围大 ,从而对南亚夏季风的形成和变化产生重要的影响 相似文献
104.
Naoto Iwasaka Yuichi Isozaki Susumu Kuwashima Hirotaka Otobe Kimio Hanawa 《Journal of Oceanography》2000,56(6):717-726
In situ observation of downward solar radiation in the Western Pacific were carried out with voluntary merchant ships for five years from autumn 1990 through autumn 1995. Daily means of the short wave radiation were computed from the observed solar radiation. Then, the effects of shadows of the ship's superstructures on the observed radiation were corrected if needed. A 5-year average of short wave radiation along the main sea-lanes in the Western Pacific was calculated based on the observed daily mean solar radiation. Maximum values of 270–280 Wm–2 are found around 15°–20°N in May and June, while those of 290 Wm–2 are observed south of 18°S in November and December along the lanes. Small annual variations are found in the equatorial region. Annual mean values at the equator are about 230 Wm–2 between New Guinea and Indonesia, and 200 Wm–2 east of New Guinea. The 5-year average of short wave radiation was compared with the climatologies given in previous studies. We have concluded that some of results of previous studies are significantly underestimated. 相似文献
105.
Water wave interaction with a floating porous cylinder 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The interaction of water waves with a freely floating circular cylinder possessing a side-wall that is porous over a portion of its draft is investigated theoretically. The porous side-wall region is bounded top and bottom by impermeable end caps thereby resulting in an enclosed fluid region within the structure. The problem is formulated based on potential flow and linear wave theory and assuming small-amplitude structural oscillations. An eigenfunction expansion approach is then used to obtain semi-analytical expressions for the hydrodynamic excitation and reaction loads on the structure. Numerical results are presented which illustrate the effects of the various wave and structural parameters on these quantities. It is found that the permeability, size and location of the porous region may have a significant influence on the horizontal components of the hydrodynamic excitation and reaction loads, while its influence on the vertical components in most cases is relatively minor. 相似文献
106.
107.
Arctic oscillation and the antarcic oscillation modes in the atmospheric stratosphere 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
QU Weizheng HUANG Fei ZHAO Jinping YANG Liang HE Hui DENG Shenggui CAO Yong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(6):46-53
1IntroductionThompson and Wallace(1998)first found the AOin1998and according to their definition,the spatialpattern of AO from the first EOF mode for the sea lev-el air-pressure(SLP)was that around the North Poleregion there was an oscillation out-of-phase with thatat the mid-latitudes zone.This oscillation had verywide frequency range from interannual to interdecadaltime scales.The AO is similar to the North Atlantic oscilla-tion(NAO)over the Atlantic.As Wallace said,theNAO could be… 相似文献
108.
109.
To assess the performances of state-of-the-art global climate models on simulating the Arctic clouds and surface radiation balance, the 2001–2014 Arctic Basin surface radiation budget, clouds, and the cloud radiative effects(CREs) in 22 coupled model intercomparison project 6(CMIP6) models are evaluated against satellite observations. For the results from CMIP6 multi-model mean, cloud fraction(CF) peaks in autumn and is lowest in winter and spring, consistent with that from three satellite observation products(Cloud Sat-CALIPSO, CERESMODIS, and APP-x). Simulated CF also shows consistent spatial patterns with those in observations. However,almost all models overestimate the CF amount throughout the year when compared to CERES-MODIS and APP-x.On average, clouds warm the surface of the Arctic Basin mainly via the longwave(LW) radiation cloud warming effect in winter. Simulated surface energy loss of LW is less than that in CERES-EBAF observation, while the net surface shortwave(SW) flux is underestimated. The biases may result from the stronger cloud LW warming effect and SW cooling effect from the overestimated CF by the models. These two biases compensate each other,yielding similar net surface radiation flux between model output(3.0 W/m~2) and CERES-EBAF observation(6.1 W/m~2). During 2001–2014, significant increasing trend of spring CF is found in the multi-model mean,consistent with previous studies based on surface and satellite observations. Although most of the 22 CMIP6 models show common seasonal cycles of CF and liquid water path/ice water path(LWP/IWP), large inter-model spreads exist in the amounts of CF and LWP/IWP throughout the year, indicating the influences of different cloud parameterization schemes used in different models. Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project(CFMIP)observation simulator package(COSP) is a great tool to accurately assess the performance of climate models on simulating clouds. More intuitive and credible evaluation results can be obtained based on the COSP model output. In the future, with the release of more COSP output of CMIP6 models, it is expected that those inter-model spreads and the model-observation biases can be substantially reduced. Longer term active satellite observations are also necessary to evaluate models' cloud simulations and to further explore the role of clouds in the rapid Arctic climate changes. 相似文献
110.