庆云县地热回灌存在问题浅析

如何实现地热资源合理开发、高效利用,实现地热资源采灌均衡可持续开发利用模式已成为地热资源开发利用地区重点研究内容。该文根据庆云县某典型小区(以下简称小区A)一个采暖季的开采、回灌监测数据,总结了水温、开采量、回灌量、水位及回灌率变化情况。通过数据分析及调查可知,庆云县回灌工程普遍存在地热尾水温度偏高、热利用效率偏低、地热尾水直接回灌引起管道腐蚀影响供暖效果等问题。针对地板辐射和暖气片采暖两种模式提出了换热技术和增加热泵机组的改进措施建议,既可提高热利用效率,又可保证供暖效果避免设备腐蚀,对庆云县地热供暖工程的升级改造具有一定的指导意义。     

Detection of geothermal anomalies using Landsat 8 TIRS data in Tulu Moye geothermal prospect,Main Ethiopian Rift

Despite the high geothermal potential of the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER), risks associated with the industry and the difficulty of identifying possible targets using ground surveys alone continue to impede the development of geothermal power diligence in Ethiopia. In this paper, we investigate the geothermal potential of the Tulu Moye prospect area in the MER using Landsat 8, which is an important and cost-effective method of detecting geothermal anomalies. Data with a path/row of 168/054 were obtained from the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared (TIR) sensors for October 17, 2014. Based on radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction (with the 6S model) and an NDVI-based threshold method for calculating land surface emissivity, a split-window algorithm was applied to retrieve the land surface temperature (LST) of the study area. Results show LST values ranging from 292.2 to 315.8 K, with the highest values found in barren lands. A comparison of LST between the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat 8 shows a maximum difference of 1.47 K. Anomalous areas were also discovered, where LST was about 3-9 K higher than the background area. We identified seven of these as areas of high geothermal activity in the Tulu Moye prospective geothermal area. Auxiliary data and overlay analysis tools eliminated any non-geothermal influences. The research reveals that the distribution of highy prospective geothermal areas is consistent with the development and distribution of faults in the study area. Magmatism is the thermal source and faults provide conduits for the heat to flow from earth’s interior to the surface, facilitating the presence of geothermal anomalies. Finally, TIR remote sensing methods prove to be a robust and cost-effective technique for detecting LST anomalies in the geologically active area of MER. Moreover, combining TIR remote sensing with knowledge of the structural geology of the area and geothermal mechanisms is an efficient approach to detecting geothermal areas.     

山东费县上冶地区地热资源特征研究

山东省临沂市被授牌为"中国地热城"。区内地热资源较为丰富,开发利用时间长,产生了显著的经济和社会效益。通过研究临沂市费县上冶地区的地质背景、地热地质特征,探求该地区的地热资源形成、发育的机理,对于指导区域地热资源的有效开发具有重要的意义。上冶地区南部奥陶纪马家沟群地层直接出露,大气降水直接或者间接补给岩溶热储含水层。近SN向的上冶东岭断裂及其次级断裂与蒙山断裂沟通,地下水通过断裂构造、岩溶孔洞、裂隙等通道向深部径流,受到大地热流的传导加热,在形成和运移过程中不断地溶滤热储围岩的各种化学成分。而上覆地层热导率低,具有一定的保温作用,从而使得地热资源在该地赋存和聚集。深部岩溶热储类型为典型的受断裂构造控制的层状兼带状热储。     

山东省菏泽市城区岩溶热储回灌试验

鉴于菏泽市目前地热资源开发利用现状,随着地热井数量的增多,地热水开采量逐年增大,导致地热水水位呈逐年下降的趋势,为了保护这一绿色清洁能源,缓解地热资源过度开发造成的地热水水位持续下降、尾水外排污染水、土体等一系列负面影响,有必要采取地热尾水回灌措施,来保证地热资源的可持续发展。采用地球物理勘探,地热井钻探、单孔及对孔抽水试验、回灌试验及水质测试等方法,分析了回灌对水位、水温的影响,分析结果认为回灌对水温、水质影响不大。在回灌量相同的条件下,回灌尾水水温越低,回灌的升幅越小,回灌越容易。经综合分析认为,菏泽市城区奥陶系回灌效果良好,回灌潜力巨大,在菏泽市奥陶系热储中进行回灌是可行的。     

黄河上游地区地热场初步分析

运用热流、地温梯度及温泉等资料,划分了黄河上游地区的地热异常区,讨论了地热与构造及地震的关系。认为断裂构造及深部热源是地热异常的主要成因;在空间上,强震分布与热异常区的分布呈相关关系。     

Results of a walk-above vertical seismic profiling survey acquired at the Thônex-01 geothermal well (Switzerland) to delineate fractured carbonate formations for geothermal development

This paper deals with the design, acquisition and processing of vertical seismic profiling data collected in 2016 at the directional Thônex-01 geothermal well, drilled in 1993 in the Geneva Canton (Switzerland). The aim of the study was to obtain additional information from existing-abandoned well for downhole geophysical characterization of potential geothermal reservoirs in the Geneva area. The main results obtained by this study allowed an improved subsurface image by multi-offset acquisitions near and around the deviated well. Specifically we were able to (1) improve the velocity model of the Geneva Basin, which, at present, is only constrained by one unique deep exploration well, located at the south-west of the basin, far away from the study area; (2) image the transition between the Tertiary Molasse siliciclastic sediments and the Mesozoic carbonates; (3) define an acquisition strategy for future vertical seismic profiling surveys in support of the geothermal exploration campaigns in the area. This study has demonstrated the value of vertical seismic profiling method for the refinement of the subsurface geology at local scale, and its usefulness to assist the planning of second well associated with geothermal doublets.     

深井换热技术原理及其换热量评估

深井换热又称套管换热,是在深井中通过同轴套管进行单井内部流体循环,基于热传导的方式与地层换热,从而以"取热不取水"形式开发地热能的技术.本文详细介绍了深井换热技术特点,评述其在国外的应用进展.国外的实践表明,深井换热延米功率均在200 W以下,多不超过100 W,换热量远小于基于热对流的取热方式,比如深井热水开采技术.本文针对我国北方典型地区地热地质条件,分别采用Beier解析法和双重连续介质数值模拟法(基于OpenGeoSys模拟平台)计算了短期(4个月)采热和长期(30年)采热情景下的换热量.解析法和数值法的结果均表明,延米换热功率上限不超过150W.在间断采热,即每天供热12个小时,停止12个小时的情景下,延米换热功率可以翻倍,但是总换热量基本不变,且水温在一天内的波动明显变大.对数值模型进行敏感性分析发现,在地温梯度一定的条件下,井深对延米换热功率影响不大,而地层热导率对其影响较为明显.最后指出,提高深井换热技术换热量的主要手段是增加井周围地层中的热对流,或者说,增加循环水与岩石的接触面积.     

北京平原区西北部大地热流与深部地温分布特征

北京平原区蕴藏着丰富的中-低温水热型地热资源,其西北部分布着小汤山地热田和京西北地热田,两大地热田以南口—孙河断裂带为界.地热田及其外围地区基础的地热地质研究工作较少.为给地热学研究和地热资源精细勘探提供科学依据,本文基于前人23眼钻孔的温度测量数据以及近期完成的548件热导率和100件放射性生热率实测数据,研究了区域大地热流和0~4 km深部地温特征.结果表明：（1）研究区现今地温梯度为11.31~94.89℃·km^-1,平均值为31.79℃·km^-1;岩石热导率为0.895~5.111 W·（m·K）^-1,放射性生热率为0.257~2.305 μW·m^-3,大地热流为48.1~99.1 mW·m^-2,平均值为68.3 mW·m^-2,热流的分布受基底形态和断裂构造控制.研究区东部南口—孙河断裂带两侧小汤山和郑各庄地区为高热流异常区,中部马池口地区也存在局部高热流异常区.（2）在南口—孙河断裂带的不同位置,不同深度地层温度差异明显,体现出区域现今地温场不只受控于该活动断裂,更是多期次构造事件复合叠加的结果.（3）南口—孙河断裂带南侧存在两处有意义的较高地温异常区,分别为郑各庄异常区和马池口异常区,其中马池口异常区是未来地热开发利用有一定潜力的地区.     

天水街子温泉控热推覆构造的发现及地热前景探讨

天水街子温泉通过可控源音频大地电磁测深,在温泉所在的温家峡及其附近深部发现的低阻电性层呈层状分布,其深度与以往钻孔中所见地下热水部位一致,推断此低阻层为热水通道。结合地表地质和地面磁测推测逆断层与上盘推覆体(牵引背斜)构成推覆构造,逆冲断层为阻水构造,活动上盘岩块破碎和裂隙发育是地下热水良好通道,控制着中低温地热田分布。街子温家峡温泉和黄家峡有利热储地段,地下热水具有充沛的补给来源、较好储存和开采条件,具有进一步钻探开发扩大地热利用的远景。     

新疆阿图什地震台地温资料简析

系统地收集、整理了阿图什地震台地温、环温数据,建立了1995年到2002年的整点值数据库,对地温、环温资料进行了动态分析、相关分析、回归分析、距平分析等。分析结果表明：地温仪器在运转正常、资料连续、震中距较近时有可能记录到地温异常信息。分析认为持续增温可能是异常显示;温度极差在0．4℃以上可作为异常判据。