山西断陷带地热分布的某些特征

利用山西断陷带的大地热流、地温梯度和温泉分布的资料，研究了地热分布与重力场、地壳深部构造和地震分布的关系。认为，区域性重力负异常多反映的是沉积盆地或凹陷；而在温泉附近，由于地壳深部高密度的熔融物质沿断裂上涌而形成重力正异常；在同一深度上，地壳和岩石圈薄的断陷盆地内部，其热流和温度都为高值；指出山西断陷带内的构造活动性、壳幔突变带、重磁力等值线密集带、大地热流和地温梯度高值区以及温泉密集分布带与地震活动之间都有着内在的联系。     

西藏尼木地区遥感数据地温反演与地热异常预测

为探明西藏尼木地区地热资源的空间分布及指导该区地热资源的勘探与开发,选取2010年1月21日与2月22日的Landsat 5TM数据,基于单波段的单窗算法进行地表温度反演,并利用ArcGIS软件分析了地表温度、已有地热异常点、构造及人类活动之间的关系,对该区潜在的地热异常进行预测。结果表明,地表温度分别为： -21.75～40.65 ℃,-18.95～46.45 ℃,二者进行对比分析表明反演结果符合实际且结果可靠。依据遥感数据地温反演结果,发现区内温度异常区比背景区高10 K以上,研究区存在未被发现的隐伏断层及地热活动异常信息,由此划分出21个潜在地热异常区。结论认为位于亚东—谷露与雅鲁藏布江缝合带交汇区的尼木地区地热异常特征明显,勘探开发前景广阔;在高寒缺资料区基于遥感单窗算法进行温度反演,可以有效提取地热异常信息,帮助预测具有开发前景的地热异常区,并进一步识别圈定具有勘探意义的靶区。     

东营市地热资源开发保护与行政保障措施探讨

通过地热回灌试验研究和地热储环境保护等措施,消除或减弱地热开发对地质环境的影响。应加强规划实施情况的监督和监察,完善行政审批、监督制度,推进依法行政,规范地热开采审批、行政处罚等行政行为,严格实行地热开采市场准入制度,鼓励地质勘查单位和社会各界积极进行商业性参与。     

Boron geochemistry from some typical Tibetan hydrothermal systems: Origin and isotopic fractionation

The Tibetan plateau is characterized by intense hydrothermal activity and abnormal enrichment of trace elements in geothermal waters. Hydrochemistry and B isotope samples from geothermal waters in Tibet were systematically measured to describe the fractionation mechanisms and provide constraints on potential B reservoirs. B concentrations range from 0.35 to 171.90 mg/L, and isotopic values vary between −16.57 ‰ and +0.52 ‰. Geothermal fields along the Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone and N–S rifts are observed with high B concentrations and temperatures. The similar hydrochemical compositions of high-B geothermal waters with magmatic fluid and consistent modeling of B isotopic compositions with present δ¹¹B values imply that the B in high-B geothermal waters is mainly contributed by magmatic sources, probably through magma degassing. In contrast, geothermal fields in other regions of the Lhasa block have relatively low B concentrations and temperatures. After considering the small fractionation factor and representative indicators of Na/Ca, Cl/HCO₃, Na + K and Si, the conformity between modeling results and the isotopic compositions of host rocks suggests that the B in low-temperature geothermal fields is mainly sourced from host rocks. According to simulated results, the B in some shallow geothermal waters not only originated from mixing of cold groundwater with deep thermal waters, but it was also contributed by equilibration with marine sedimentary rocks with an estimated proportion of 10%. It was anticipated that this study would provide useful insight into the sources and fractionation of B as well as further understanding of the relationships between B-rich salt lakes and geothermal activities in the Tibetan plateau.     

日照市沿海地区地热资源特征研究

日照市沿海地区位于日照-青岛断裂两侧,区内断裂、构造较发育,成热地质条件良好。为了全面查明日照市沿海地区地热资源特征,该文通过浅层地温测量、物探、测温孔等手段,确定日照街道三柱山村东和南湖镇徐家坪-万家坪一带两处地热异常区,然后分别建立热储概念模型分析研究,采用热储法对两区域地热资源量进行评价。浅层地温测量显示区域恒温带埋深一般在17.84～26.15m,恒温带平均温度15.39℃,地温梯度值平均值为1.46℃/100m;热储概念模型分析显示,地下水受深部热源加热、温度升高,遇构造交会区形成凝滞,与围岩发生溶滤,形成了具有较高温度和矿物质的地热流体,最终沿断裂破碎带传输至地表,形成了地热异常区;热储法计算结果:三柱山区域地热资源量3.07×10~(15)J,可利用地热资源量2.46×10~(14)J,南湖区域地热资源量3.85×10~(15)J,可利用地热资源量3.08×10~(14)J。这对于日照市沿海地区地热资源勘查提供了方向,对我国"断控型"地热资源研究提供了一定的参考价值。     

利用钻孔温度梯度重建过去气候变化进展

地球表面的温度信号向地下传播并影响地下温度剖面,这种温度剖面可从钻孔中测量,通过分析可重建过去表面温度变化.虽然认识到表面温度变化对地下温度和热流的影响已有很长时间,但仅在20世纪80年代以后钻孔温度剖面才被广泛应用于气候变化研究.钻孔气候方法与其他重建过去气候的近似方法不同,因为它是基于温度剖面测量与过去气候,即地表温度(GST)、重构参数的直接物理联系之上的.钻孔温度气候研究方法已被证实可以重建过去地表温度趋势,并且最终可结合表面气温序列估计其预观测平均值(POMs).钻孔温度剖面并不是地表温度的代用指标,而是地球大陆表面能量平衡的直接测量.这种地下的信号通过热扩散衰减非常快,因而对从地下温度测量数据中提取过去气候变化信息的方法施加了一个物理限制.描述由钻孔中测量的温度—深度剖面来重建GST历史的基本特征及问题.     

河南兰考地区地热回灌影响因素分析及对策

地热回灌是保障地热资源可持续开发利用的关键环节之一。本文结合河南兰考地区热储层地质条件、水质特点、地热井井管材质,开展了室内腐蚀观察实验和PHREEQC地球化学模拟软件分析,从化学沉淀趋势、地热水腐蚀性和钻井成井工艺方面分析了回灌效果的影响因素,并从地热水水质处理、地热井井管材料选择、钻井与成井工艺优化、回灌温度、项目选址等方面提出提高回灌效果的建议。     

大理洱源茈碧湖地热田热水资源评价

茈碧湖地热田地温场呈条带状分布,受金沙江—洱海断裂带控制,构成二元热储结构:上部为第四系冲湖积层孔隙型层状热储(面积3.696km2)、下部为盆地基岩裂隙型带状热储(面积2.4km2)。经评价,热田地热水资源总量为2.971×1014 kJ,有效资源总量为7.322×1012 kJ,发电量为2321 kW。热田地热水允许开采量为10048.6 m3/d。为地热水资源开发利用与保护提供重要依据。     

天津地区新近系地热回灌井不同完井工艺应用效果对比

针对新近系地层国内外普遍存在回灌效率低的问题,通过对滤水管和射孔两种不同完井工艺对回灌效果的影响入手,开展两种完井工艺地热回灌的试验研究。研究表明,在地层沉积环境和地层参数相同的情况下,射孔完井工艺回灌量大,回灌持续性好,不易产生堵塞,比滤水管完井工艺效果显著,对提高新近系地热回灌井的回灌效率具有明显的促进作用。     

Correlation between microbiological and chemical parameters of some hydrothermal springs in New Mexico, USA

Discharge areas of hydrothermal springs are known to be inhabited by diverse types of microorganisms including archaea, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A total of 11 hydrothermal samples from the Rio Grande rift and the Valles caldera in New Mexico were analyzed to investigate the correlation between chemical and microbiological parameters of hydrothermal waters. The sampled fluids are categorized into three chemical groups: (I) steam-condensing acid sulfate waters, (II) deep geothermal and derivative waters and (III) thermal meteoric waters. Analyses of the microbial phospholipid fatty acids and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of DNA show that acid sulfate waters were populated by thermoacidophilic organisms and had high biomass content. Mineralized deep geothermal and derivative waters exhibited a high degree of microbial diversity, but had low biomass content. Thermal meteoric waters are low in total dissolved solids, and exhibit very low biomass content and microbial diversity. DNA sequences from several previously unknown microbial species were detected. The results of this study support the hypothesis that microbes can be used as tracers for specific types of subsurface environments.