漳州热田地下热水的循环深度

漳州热田是我国东南沿海地区目前所见温度(121.5℃)最高的一个。热田地热地质、地球化学以及地温场的研究结果表明,漳州热田属于深循环对流型热田。为了计算热田的热水循环深度,本文采用管道模型的方法,利用热田中心钻孔的测温资料计算地下热水上涌的流速,利用热田内水化学资料计算热储温度,然后用图解法求出漳州热田热水的循环深度为3.4—4.0 km,为漳州热田的成因分析和热水资源的评价提供了依据。     

雷州半岛局部地热异常及其形成机制

雷州半岛地热场主要受基底构造格局的控制和地下水活动的影响,隐伏花岗岩体放射性元素生热对盖层地温的贡献不可忽视,第四纪更新世火山喷发活动的岩浆余热已几乎完全散失,岩浆体和围岩温度已趋于平衡。由火山喷发而形成的雷北螺岗岭和雷南石峁岭两个玄武岩台地,为半岛地下水的主要补给区,由于冷水流下渗的地温效应,新生界盖层浅部地温梯度<3℃/100m,呈现地热负异常。在以传导传热为主的区域,地热场特点与华北盆地相似,新生界盖层地温梯度与基底岩面的埋深密切相关。由于地壳深部较均一的热流在地壳表部再分配的结果,若干凸起区盖层地温梯度为4—5℃/100m,呈现地热正异常。某些控制凸起区的边界断裂,当深层热水沿其上涌,造成附加热源,和传导传热相叠加,盖层地温梯度可高达5—8℃/100m,形成更鲜明的地热正异常。     

松辽盆地地热场

本文实测了65口井的地热数据,从中取得17个大地热流值,松辽盆地地热场具有中部高边部低,并呈环状分布,该区地热具有高特征的地质发展历史。分区计算盆地的沉积岩层、花岗岩质层和玄武岩质层各底部的温度和热流值,也都具有中部高边部低的变化趋势。分析了盆地地热场受影响的状况和地热高的主要原因。还分析了盆地地热场与构造活动性、地震活动性、重磁力场、岩石圈厚度的关系,以及与石油生成、运移和富集的关系。     

不等周期断层形变测量环境因子影响的研究

本文在研究和分析环境因子对断层测量年周变和季节性变化影响的基础上，归纳出断层形变测量年周变的变化规律，并针对不等周期观测资料，建立了形变测量的准线性动态数学模型，最后，对门源地震有异常的扁都口资料用上述模型进行了处理，结果是比较满意的。     

Fast-changing processes in a medium subject to loading as detected by resistivity measurements

Making measurements of electric resistivity at 16 s intervals, the authors noticed fast changes of this parameter prior to the occurrence of the main fracture. The changes are superposed on bay pulsations of increasing amplitude and decreasing period. This finding opens prospects for a wider use of an electric resistivity method and proves the high quality of automatic instruments, in particular their high resolution. It also gives evidence for the occurrence of short-period precursors in the fracture zone while the main fracture is being formed.     

磁纬20°以下地区哨声多台宽带定向观测及其初步结果

武汉大学哨声组与日本名古屋大学空电研究所合作于1988年1月在我国南方进行了哨声多台宽带定向测量。利用近两年研制的宽带数字化频率追踪定向分析系统,首次获得了磁纬20°以下地区哨声波出口区与偏振状态的实验结果。初步分析发现,在湛江附近（磁纬约10°N）存在一个比较稳定的哨声路径出口区,三台同时接收到的哨声大多从这同一出口区透射出来;有时存在两个出口区,一个仍位于湛江附近,另一个位于桂林和武昌之间;沿两条不同路径传播的同源哨声具有几乎相同的色散。本文所做的非导管射线追踪计算能比较满意地解释定向实验结果。另外,此次观测中还发现一些新的有意义的现象,如记录到近百例两跳、三跳及五跳回波等,这在低纬地区是非常少见的。     

NOAA WP-3D instrumentation and flight operations on AGASP-II

The second Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program (AGASP-II) was conducted across the non-Soviet Arctic in March and April 1986, to study the aerosol, gaseous, chemical, and optical properties of Arctic haze. One component of the program was supported with an instrumented NOAA WP-3D atmospheric research aircraft. Measurements of wind, temperature, ozone, water vapor, condensation nucleus concentration, and aerosol scattering extinction coefficient were used to determine the locations and properties of haze layers. The first three NOAA WP-3D research flights were conducted north of Barrow, Alaska, and over the Beaufort Sea northeast of Barter Island, Alaska. The next three sampled conditions in the high Arctic near Alert, Northwest Territories, Canada. All basic meteorological, gas, and aerosol systems are described. The WP-3D flight tracks and operations are presented.     

Temporal variations in bedload transport rates associated with the migration of bedforms

Temporal variations in bedload transport rates that occur at a variety of timescales, even under steady flow conditions, are accepted as an inherent component of the bedload transport process. Rarely, however, has the cause of such variations been explained clearly. We consider three data sets, obtained from laboratory experiments, that refer to measurements of bedload transport made with continuously recording bedload traps. Each data set is characterized by a predominant low-frequency oscillation, on which additional higher-frequency oscillations generally are superimposed. The period of these oscillations, as isolated through the use of spectral analysts, ranged between 0·47 and 168 minutes, and was associated unequivocally with the migration of bedforms such as ripples, dunes, and bars. The extent to which such oscillatory behaviour may be recognized in a data set depends on the duration of sampling and the length of the sampling time, with respect to the period of a given bedform. Several theoretical probability distribution functions have been developed to describe the frequency distributions of (relative) bedload transport rates that are associated with the migration of bedforms (Einstein, 1937b; Hamamori, 1962; Carey and Hubbell, 1986). These distribution functions were derived without reference to a sampling interval. We present a modification of Hamamori's (1962) probability distribution function, generated by Monte Carlo simulation, which permits one to specify the sampling interval, in relation to the length of a bedform. Comparisons between the simulated and observed frequency distributions, that were undertaken on the basis of the data described herein, are good (significant at the 90 per cent confidence level). Finally, the implications that temporal variability, which is associated with the migration of bedforms, have for the accurate determination of bedload transport rates are considered.     

Performance of the electrochemical ozone sonde OSR

Summary The accuracy of the electrochemical ozone sonde, type OSR, has been estimated by analysing tandem ozone soundings of the balloon-borne electrochemical ozone sonde OSR at the Lindenberg Observatory from May to November 1982. A negative bias, though not significant, has been observed above about 28 km for soundings having high single correction factors. Random errors are at their minimum just above the level of the maximum of ozone partial pressure, and reach their maximum in the troposphere. Except at heights above about 28 km the random error of ozone sondes is a factor 2 to 3 times less than the error of the short Umkehr method. Provided that soundings with too high correction factors are neglected, the ozone sonde OSR has an accuracy comparable to that of other Brewer type sondes.The maximum amount of information on the vertical ozone distribution can be drawn from sonde measurements in the lower stratosphere. A study is underway to improve the sensitivity of the sonde OSR and thus to further enhance its reliability.     

Measurements of tropospheric OH concentrations: A comparison of field data with model predictions

Using long path UV absorption spectroscopy we have measured OH concentrations close to the earth's surface. The OH values observed at two locations in Germany during 1980 through 1983 range from 0.7×10⁶ to 3.2×10⁶ cm^-3. Simultaneously we measured the concentrations of O₃, H₂O, NO, NO₂, CH₄, CO, and the light non methane hydrocarbons. We also determined the photolysis rates of O₃ and NO₂. This allows calculations of OH using a zero dimensional time depdendent model. The modelled OH concentrations significantly exceed the measured values for low NO _x concentrations. It is argued that additional, so far unidentified. HO _x loss reactions must be responsible for that discrepancy.