藏南冈底斯地体中段南缘构造演化

冈底斯岩浆带位于拉萨地体南缘, 是新特提斯洋盆演化和印度-亚洲陆陆碰撞的岩浆产物, 对冈底斯岩浆带的研究方兴未艾, 但一些基本问题仍然存在着激烈的争论(比如晚三叠世到早—中侏罗世新特提斯洋演化的极性, 冈底斯岩浆带中大型韧性剪切带形成的时代、动力学机制以及冈底斯中段新生代的隆升-剥蚀模式等等), 这都直接影响了对新特提斯域构造和青藏高原形成演化的理解, 以及对冈底斯构造成矿带的资源评价。     

中扬子地区显生宙构造演化及其对油气系统的影响

中扬子地区作为南方海相油气勘探的重点战略区块 ,自基底形成至今 ,陆块南北经历了多期造山活动。其中 ,古生代以来的后四期造山作用控制与发育了区内海陆相四套含油气系统 ,加里东及印支早期造山作用利于原生海盆含油气系统的发育与形成 ;印支晚期—喜山期造山作用对其具有改造和破坏作用 ,但利于陆相含油气系统的形成。研究区海盆发育期形成的古隆起及其周缘斜坡带是海相残留盆地油气运聚与保存的有利场所     

对矿物包裹体溶液性质的新认识——兼论含矿溶液是酸性溶液的地质证据

对金属矿床成矿溶液的性质 ,特别是 pH值 (酸碱度 )的确定 ,是认识含矿溶液的成因、成矿条件和成矿机理的关键。目前对成矿溶液性质的研究主要局限在对围岩蚀变矿物包裹体的测定方面 ,并得出近中性热卤水成矿的结论。作者认为 ,多数围岩蚀变矿物的包裹体溶液不能代表原成矿溶液的性质 ,“近中性的热卤水成矿”的认识有误 ,应是酸性水形成的含矿溶液成矿 ,并从矿物包裹体溶液的特征、Roedder的高金属含量的矿物包裹体溶液的发现、氢氧同位素资料、矿物包裹体中高卤水溶液的起源以及成矿溶液的演化机理等方面论述了酸性金属含矿溶液的成因及成矿演化过程。     

青藏高原地球动力学初探

青藏高原是当今世界上最高、最大和最年轻的高原。青藏高原的地球动力学研究是一个复杂而饶有兴趣的问题。本文试图从高原的范围、地球物理特征、地震活动、构造演化和新构造运动等方面探讨其地球动力学过程。 从新构造分析,笔者着重指出,青藏高原是欧亚大陆板块中最活动的一个块体,它在造就中国乃至东亚新构造运动的格局方面,是一个十分重要的因素。     

中亚地区阿拉伊盆地构造地质特征与油气条件分析

阿拉伊盆地位于特提斯构造带北缘,是在古生界基底之上发展起来的山间盆地,紧邻我国西部塔里木盆地。自中生代至新生代经历了陆表海沉积期、类前陆盆地期、山间盆地发育期、拗陷期、定形期等5个演化阶段,具有海陆交互、沉积多变、多期叠加、断-拗转换的性质。生储盖匹配良好;烃源岩为古近系、白垩系和中—下侏罗统的海相与潟湖相泥岩、石灰岩和泥灰岩;主要油气储集层为碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层和砂砾岩储层;多套泥岩、膏岩和泥灰岩为区域性和局部盖层;褶皱构造发育,以背斜、断块、断鼻等构造为主。盆地具有一定的油气勘探前景。     

甘肃省阿克塞县化石沟斑岩型铜矿床特征研究

甘肃省阿克塞县化石沟铜矿是柴达木北缘缝合带上近年来发现并取得重大突破的斑岩型铜矿床。本文对矿床区域构造定位;区内近南北向弧形弯曲构造系列的形成机制及与成矿的关系;含矿浅成英云闪长斑岩的形成演化及其与成矿的关系;多种蚀变与矿化的关系以及矿床成因等方面进行了全面分析论证。这些认识有助于开拓区域上找矿的新思路。     

鄂西崆岭杂岩的组成,时代及地质演化

崆岭杂岩包括下部基底片麻岩和上部表壳岩两部分。作者采自下部的１３个斜长角闪岩样品获得ＳｍＮｄ等时线年龄３２９０±１７０Ｍａ（２σ），加入４个伴生灰色片麻岩样品后等时线年龄变为３１５０±７９Ｍａ（２σ）。采自上部的变粒岩和斜长角闪岩分别获得锆石Ｕ＿Ｐｂ一致曲线年龄为２４２７±４２Ｍａ（２σ）和２０３１±４Ｍａ（２σ）。基于这些新的数据和前人的工作成果，探讨了崆岭杂岩的形成和地质演化。     

Nature and Evolution of Pre-Neoproterozoic Continental Crust in South China: A Review and Tectonic Implications

South China as an amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks is composed of Archean to Mesoproterozoic basement overlain by Neoproterozoic and younger cover. Both the constituent Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks contain well-preserved Neoproterozoic rocks that have been extensively studied in terms of the age and tectonic nature, but less is known about their earlier crustal history due to the incomplete rock record. Recent efforts in investigating the yet survived crustal nature based on isotopic and elemental signatures preserved in igneous and sedimentary rocks have steadily improved our knowledge about the pre-Neoproterozoic continental crustal evolution in South China. In this paper, we summarize the up-to-date pre-Neoproterozoic records, including petrological, geochronological, geochemical and geophysical data, across South China, and discuss its spatiotemporal patterns of the pre-Neoproterozoic crust and the relevant tectonic events. While the xenocrystic/inherited and detrital zircon records suggest widespread Archean (mainly ca. 2.5 Ga) crustal components within both the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks, exposed Archean rocks are only limited to isolated crustal provinces in the Yangtze Block. These Archean rocks are dominated by TTGs (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) with varied ages (3.3–2.5 Ga) and zircon Hf isotopes, indicating a compositionally heterogeneous nature of the Archean Yangtze Block and, by inference, the development of multiple ancient terranes. The early Paleoproterozoic (2.4–2.2 Ga) tectonomagmatic events characterize the western Yangtze Block and are supportive of an east-west subdivision of the Yangtze basement, whereas the late Paleoproterozoic (2.1–1.7 Ga) orogeneses may have affected a larger area covering both the western and eastern parts of the Yangtze Block, and also the Cathaysia Block. The eastern Yangtze Block with generally northeastward-younging late Paleoproterozoic magmatism and metamorphism likely experienced a prolonged 2.05–1.75 Ga orogenic process welding the various Archean proto-continents, consistent with the documentation of a buried late Paleoproterozoic orogenic belt imaged by deep seismic profiling from its central part and of a slightly older ophiolitic mélange in the northern part. The Cathaysia Block was probably involved in a short-lived 1.9–1.8 Ga orogenic event. The two orogeneses overlapped in time and may have contributed to the cratonization of a possible unified South China, and are referred to be linked with the assembly of the Nuna Supercontinent. The subsequent late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic rift successions and intrusions (1.7–1.5 Ga) in the southwestern Yangtze Block, and the ca. 1.43 Ga rifting in Hainan Island of the Cathaysia Block could be responses to the Nuna break-up. Late Mesoproterozoic (1.2–1.0 Ga) magmatism of varied age and nature in different localities of the Yangtze Block is reflective of a complex tectonic process in the context of the assembly of the Rodinia Supercontinent. Similar-aged metamorphism (1.3–1.0 Ga) is recorded in Hainan Island, reflecting the Grenvillian continental collision during the Rodinia assembly, but further studies are necessary to better constrain the late Mesoproterozoic tectonic framework of South China.     

我国湖泊环境演变及其成因机制研究现状

湖泊沉积忠实地记录了湖泊环境变化的各类信息.不同时问尺度的湖泊环境变化分别受到构造、气候与人类活动三个方面的驱动机制的影响.影响中同湖泊环境变化的最主要的构造运动是青藏高原的隆升;气候变化的影响主要是东亚季风系统带来的一系列作用;而人类活动的影响则比较复杂,不仅有流域植被、土壤性质的改变导致输入湖泊物质的变化,也有人类活动直接改造湖泊,如围垦、封堵等.准确地分析湖泊环境变化的各种过程与规律,特别是定量刻画人与自然相互作用下的湖泊环境响应过程与驱动机理,是当今科学界的热点.     

沼泽湿地环境演变研究回顾与展望——纪念中国科学东北地理与农业生态研究所建所50周年

沼泽湿地是地球表层功能独特的生态系统,在其形成发育、时空演化及分异等方面与其它生态系统存在明显差异。中国科学院东北地理所(原长春地理所)在沼泽湿地形成发育、时空演化研究方面有丰富的学科积累。1958年,中国科学院确定沼泽为该所的主攻方向,成为中国最早的专门性沼泽研究机构之一,至今已满50周年。50年来,几代科研人员为沼泽湿地环境演变研究工作贡献了他们的青春年华,取得了丰硕的研究成果。