http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000849

New methods are presented for processing and interpretation of shallow marine differential magnetic data,including constructing maps of offshore total magnetic anomalies with an extremely high resolution of up to 1-2 nT,mapping weak anomalies of 5-10 nT caused by mineralization effects at the contacts of hydrocarbons with host rocks,estimating depths to upper and lower boundaries of anomalous magnetic sources,and estimating thickness of magnetic layers and boundaries of tectonic blocks. Horizontal dimensions of tectonic blocks in the so-called "seismic gap" region in the central Kuril Arc vary from 10 to 100 km,with typical dimensions of 25-30 km.The area of the "seismic gap" is a zone of intense tectonic activity and recent volcanism.Deep sources causing magnetic anomalies in the area are similar to the "magnetic belt" near Hokkaido. In the southern and central parts of Barents Sea,tectonic blocks with widths of 30-100 km,and upper and lower boundaries of magnetic layers ranging from depths of 10 to 5 km and 18 to 30 km are calculated.Models of the magnetic layer underlying the Mezen Basin in an inland part of the White Sea-Barents Sea paleorift indicate depths to the lower boundary of the layer of 12-30 km.Weak local magnetic anomalies of 2-5 nT in the northern and central Caspian Sea were identified using the new methods,and drilling confirms that the anomalies are related to concentrations of hydrocarbon.Two layers causing magnetic anomalies are identified in the northern Caspian Sea from magnetic anomaly spectra.The upper layer lies immediately beneath the sea bottom and the lower layer occurs at depths between 30-40 m and 150-200 m.     

硼资源开发利用现状及前景分析

随着玻璃及陶瓷工业的快速发展,世界硼矿资源的开发和利用逐渐受到重视。本文阐述了世界硼矿资源分布及勘查利用现状,介绍了硼矿勘查项目的新进展,分析了当前硼资源的供需形势,对硼资源行业前景进行分析预测。建议国家一方面加强辽宁、青海等重点省区勘查;另一方面积极开拓国外市场,扩大对国外硼矿资源的勘探与开发。     

Fully coupled methods for multiphase morphodynamics

We present numerical methods for a system of equations consisting of the two dimensional Saint–Venant shallow water equations (SWEs) fully coupled to a completely generalized Exner formulation of hydrodynamically driven sediment discharge. This formulation is implemented by way of a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element method, using a Roe Flux for the advective components and the unified form for the dissipative components. We implement a number of Runge–Kutta time integrators, including a family of strong stability preserving (SSP) schemes, and Runge–Kutta Chebyshev (RKC) methods. A brief discussion is provided regarding implementational details for generalizable computer algebra tokenization using arbitrary algebraic fluxes. We then run numerical experiments to show standard convergence rates, and discuss important mathematical and numerical nuances that arise due to prominent features in the coupled system, such as the emergence of nondifferentiable and sharp zero crossing functions, radii of convergence in manufactured solutions, and nonconservative product (NCP) formalisms. Finally we present a challenging application model concerning hydrothermal venting across metalliferous muds in the presence of chemical reactions occurring in low pH environments.     

国内外地震科学钻探与测井技术应用

大地震发生后, 在断裂带开展科学钻探是研究地震发震机理的快速反应和科学计划手段。 测井技术是重要的井中地球物理探测方法。 本文结合日本Nojima断层科学钻探、 美国San Andreas科学深钻、 台湾车笼埔钻探和中国汶川地震科学钻探研究成果, 综述了国内外地震科学钻探计划实施和研究进展, 对比和分析了测井技术在其中发挥的作用和取得的成果。 最后, 对地震科学钻探井中观测研究提出了建议, 并展望了测井技术在地震科学钻探中的应用。     

第四纪盆地隐伏断层活动性的D-T法研究及应用

本文在跨断层钻孔勘探的基础上,针对钻孔联合剖面提出了钻孔沉积深度-时间(D-T)分析方法。该方法以深度为纵轴、沉积时代为横轴做每一钻孔的D-T曲线,分析同一钻探场地断层两侧D-T曲线反映的沉积速率的差别,判断断层的活动时代和错距。该方法在福州盆地和泉州盆地的城市活断层探测项目应用得到较好的结果。最后分析了该方法的影响因素,指出钻探场地的地形(古地形)的稳定平坦是D-T法的关键。     

四川盆地地下卤水勘探开发前景展望

四川盆地地下卤水分布广泛,点多面广,品质优良,资源丰富,开发历史悠久。卤水含有K+、Br-、I-、B3+、Li+、Sr2+等多种有用组分,为重要的化工原料水。进一步加强四川盆地卤水资源研究,对卤水有利构造或地段进行勘探开发,必将为振兴四川卤化工业,实施西部大开发战略作出贡献。     

概论祁连山前民乐盆地隐伏构造、第四系及地下水 --依据1:10万综合电法成果

依祁连山山前民乐盆地1∶10万精度的综合物探普查资料,推断了第四系岩性分布规律、基底形态及隐伏断层。讨论了隐伏断层挽近活动特征及其对地下水补径排条件的影响。     

A steady nonlinear and singular vortex Rossby wave within a rapidly rotating vortex. Part II: Application to geophysical vortices

In a previous paper, Caillol [Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 2014, 108] investigated the steady nonlinear vortical structure of a singular vortex Rossby mode that has survived to a strong critical-layer-like interaction with a linearly stable, columnar, axisymmetric and dry vortex. We presented a general theory for this wave/mean flow interaction through the nonlinear critical layer theory and calculated the mean azimuthal and axial winds induced at the critical radius at the end of this interaction in the final stage. We here apply that theory to rapidly rotating geophysical vortices: tropical cyclones, cold-air mesocyclones and tornadoes. We find that the numerous assumptions invoked in that paper agree well with the reality of those intense vortices. We also find that in spite of a lack of moist-convection modelling, this dry vortex is fairly well accelerated at the critical radius by such a shear wave with a magnitude of order the square root of the damped-wave amplitude. The intensification level strongly depends on the aspect ratio, height of the system: rapid vortex and parent vortex, over core radius. The thinner the vortex is, the sharper the intensification is. This result is in sharp contrast to the numerous numerical simulations on VR wave/vortex interactions that yield a much smaller intensification of order the square of the wave amplitude. This weakly nonlinear approach nevertheless fails to model small vertical wavelength VR wave/vortex interactions for their related asymptotic expansions are divergent and for they yield strongly nonlinear VR waves coupled with evolving critical layers whose extent can no longer be considered as thin.     

Performance evaluation of underwater platforms in the context of space exploration

Robotic platforms are essential for future human planetary and lunar exploration as they can operate in more extreme environments with a greater endurance than human explorers. In this era of space exploration, a terrestrial analog that can be used for development of the coordination between manned and robotic vehicles will optimize the scientific return of future missions while concurrently minimizing the downtime of both human explorers and robotic platforms. This work presents the use of underwater exploratory robots - autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV), remotely operated vehicles (ROV), and manned submersibles - as analogues for mixed human-robot exploration of space. Subaqueous settings present diverse challenges for navigation, operation and recovery that require the development of an exploration model of a similar complexity as required for space exploration. To capitalize on the strengths of both robotic and human explorers this work presents lessons learnt with respect to the fields of human-robotic interface (HRI) and operator training. These are then used in the development of mission evaluation tools: (1) a task efficiency index (TEI), (2) performance metrics, and (3) exploration metrics. Although these independent evaluations were useful for specific missions, further refinement will be required to fully evaluate the strengths and capabilities of multiple platforms in a human-robotic exploration campaign in order to take advantage of unforeseen science opportunities in remote settings.     

China's Lunar Exploration Program: Present and future

China launched its first lunar probe, Chang’E-1, at 6:05 p.m. (10:05 GMT), October 24, 2007. Chang’E-1 blasted off on a Long March 3A carrier rocket from the No. 3 launch tower in the Xichang Satellite Launch Center of southwestern Sichuan Province. China National Space Administration performed the lunar orbit injection maneuver for Chang’E-1 at 11:25 a.m. on November 5, 2007 (China Standard Time). Chang’E-1 was injected into the lunar orbit after the maneuver, and will begin to explore the moon in the following 1 year. It is the first step into its ambitious three-phase moon mission, marking a new milestone in the Chinese space exploration history.